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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_saxar.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">saxar</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_saxar" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<form xml:id="form_d4595e66" type="lemma"><orth>saxar</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d4595e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>город</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>city</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalak"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goræt"/>; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>saxairag</w>
<gloss><q>городской</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>горожанин</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalak"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goræt"/>; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>saxairag</w>
<gloss><q>urban</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>citizen</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dælæ wynys, Ʒæmʒæmy dony bylyl styr saxar; æz
ūcy <oRef>saxary</oRef> cærǵytyl styr ryn systyn kænʒynæn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вон видишь, на берегу реки Земзем большой
город; я наведу на жителей этого города великий мор</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">look, there is a big sity on the bank of the
Dzæmdzæm River; I will cause a great pestilence of its citizens</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arast sty æmæ ūcy styr <oRef>saxarmæ</oRef>
nyccydysty</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отправились и пришли в тот большой город</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[they] went forth and came into that big
city</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz wyn læg næ dæn, æz wyn rajsom
<oRef>saxaræj</oRef> dywwadæs wænygyl styr qumbara k˳y næ ærbalason</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да не буду я перед вами мужчиной, если я завтра
не привезу вам из города на двенадцати бычках большую мортиру</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may I will never be considered a man by you if
I don't bring you a big mortar from the city with the help of twelve bull-calfs</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
<biblScope>47</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stæj jæ akæny xæjræg syǧdæg
<oRef>saxarmæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">потом берет его дьявол во святой город</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">then the devil took him to the holy city</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
<biblScope><hi rend="italic" rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 5</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fælæ <oRef>saxajrægtæn</oRef> ænæwynon
wydī</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">но горожане ненавидели его</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">but the citizens hated him</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/>
<biblScope><hi rend="italic" rendition="#rend_italic">19</hi> 14</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>šahr</w>
<gloss><q>город</q></gloss></mentioned>, вероятно через тюркское посредство; ср.
<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>šähär</w> id.</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>IV 1001</biblScope></bibl>). Распространено в языках Кавказа: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
<w>šahar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="ani"><lang/>
<w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx" extralang="tab"><lang/>
<w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
<w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
<w>ṡəhär</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
<w>šähär</w>
<gloss><q>город</q></gloss>. — </mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang>Перс.</lang>
<w>šahr</w></mentioned> восходит к др. иран. <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>xšaθra-</w>
<gloss><q>власть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>царство</q></gloss></mentioned> и, стало быть,
этимологически идентично c ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/>
<gloss><q>доблесть</q></gloss>, хотя значения, как видим, сильно разошлись. Другим
примером, когда иранское слово представлено в осетинском дважды — как исконное наследие и
как позднейшее заимствование, — может служить иран. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čata-</w>
(<w>čaθa-</w>)</mentioned>, которое унаследовано в форме <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cad"/>
<gloss><q>озеро</q></gloss>, а потом заимствовано из персидского (через грузинское
посредство) в форме <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼaj"/>
<gloss><q>колодец</q></gloss>. — Все три термина со значением <gloss><q>город</q></gloss> —
<oRef/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalak"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goræt"/> —
являются заимствованными. Исконно осетинским названием для поселений, больших или малых,
было <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæw"><w>qæw</w> | <w>ǧæw</w></ref>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
<biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>II 74</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
<biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>65, 93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>šahr</w>
<gloss><q>city</q></gloss></mentioned>, apparently, through Turkic medium; cf.
<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>šähär</w> id.</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>IV 1001</biblScope></bibl>). It is common in the Caucasian languages:
<mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
<w>šahar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="ani"><lang/>
<w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx" extralang="tab"><lang/>
<w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
<w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
<w>ṡəhär</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
<w>šähär</w>
<gloss><q>city</q></gloss>. —</mentioned>
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>šahr</w></mentioned> goes back to Old Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>xšaθra-</w>
<gloss><q>power</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>kingship</q></gloss></mentioned> and, thus, it is
etymologically identical with Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/>
<gloss><q>valor</q></gloss>, although the meanings, as we can see, have strongly diverged.
The other example of Iraninan word that is represented in Ossetic twice — as an original
heritage and as a later borrowing, — may be Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čata-</w>
(<w>čaθa-</w>)</mentioned>, which was inherited in the form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cad"/>
<gloss><q>lake</q></gloss>, and then borrowed from Persian (through Georgian medium) in
the form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼaj"/>
<gloss><q>well</q></gloss>. — All the three terms with the meaning
<gloss><q>city</q></gloss> — <oRef/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalak"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goræt"/> are borrowings. The original Ossetic name of the
settlements, big or small, was <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæw"><w>qæw</w> |
<w>ǧæw</w></ref>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
<biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>II 74</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
<biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>65, 93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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