298 lines
17 KiB
XML
298 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tæxūdy</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tæxūdy" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d5050e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tæxūdy</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tæxoduj</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5050e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>о, если бы!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oh, if only!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>utinam!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>utinam!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; обычно с оптативом</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; usually with optative</note>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tæxūdy kænyn (īstæmæ)</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сильно желать (чего-либо)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">longing (for something)</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">иногда в значении <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæxūdyjag"/>:</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">sometimes in the meaning <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæxūdyjag"/>:</note>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>счастлив</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>happy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>блажен</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>blessed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>достоин зависти</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>worthy of envy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">— или просто </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">— or just </note>
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<def xml:lang="ru">возглас восхищения</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">exclamation of admiration</def>
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</sense>
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<sense/>
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</sense>
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<formGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">может принимать
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форму </note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">it can take the </note>
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<form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plural" xml:lang="os"><gram>plural
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form</gram>
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<orth>tæxodujtæ</orth></form>
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</formGrp>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tæxūdy</oRef>, nyr wæ kʼæsæræj k˳y
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bazarin æz dær!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о, если бы и я запел теперь с вашего
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порога!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, if I, too, would sing now from your
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doorstep!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>110</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tæxūdy</oRef> ʽmæ dy īw xatt mæ zærdæmæ
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k˳y ʽrkæsis!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о, если бы ты один раз заглянула в мое
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сердце!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, if only you looked into my heart once!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Темыр."/>
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<biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tæxūdy</oRef> ævsymærtaw razmæ k˳y
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cæwikkam raxsmæ!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о, если бы как братья мы шли вперед к
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свету!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, if only we walked forward into the light as
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brothers!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека._Ир._фийау"/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ wyndæj, <oRef>tæxūdy</oRef>, k˳y bafsædin
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æz!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о, если бы я досыта нагляделся на нее!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, if only I had looked at her to my heart’s
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content!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Илас"/>
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<biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tæxūdy</oRef> jæ ʒyllæjy raz ḱī rakæny
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barǵyn nyxas</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">счастлив, кто перед своим народом выступает с
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веским словом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230306T161059+0300" comment="честно не знаю здесь и далее так надо или не так"?>happy<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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is he who speaks before his people with a
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230306T160952+0300" comment="веское слово?"?>weighty<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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word</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tæxūdy</oRef>, <oRef>tæxūdy</oRef>
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kæmæn īs dæ card!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">счастлив, счастлив (тот), у кого твоя жизнь
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(жизнь, подобная твоей)!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">happy, happy is the one who has your life (life
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like yours)!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tæxūdy</oRef>, ūj kæj kʼæsæræj
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baxīzʒæn!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">счастлив тот, чей порог она переступит!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">happy is the one whose threshold she will
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cross!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1972 VII 41</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æstuggin æfsorq, <oRef>tæxoduj</oRef>, nana,
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xucawi ʒurdæj nur ka festinæ!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о, если бы, мама, я сейчас по божьему слову
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превратилась в чудо-лошадь!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, mother, if only I turned now into a miracle
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horse
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230306T161214+0300" comment="??"?>due<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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to the word of God!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tæxodujtæ</oRef>, ramælæ!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о, если бы мне умереть!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, if only I could die!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
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<biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tæxodujtæ, æma dæ cardi adæmæn esti xwarz
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fæwwo!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о, если бы в своей жизни сделать какое-либо
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добро народу!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Oh, if only in
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230306T161256+0300" comment="так?"?>my<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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life I could do some good to the people!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Ӕууӕнкӕ"/>
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<biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tæxodujtæ</oRef>,
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<oRef>tæxodujtæ</oRef>, ci ʒæbæx dæ, ci ræsuǧd!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о, как ты хороша, как прекрасна!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, how good you are, how beautiful!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/>
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<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Разделив <oRef>tæx-ūdy</oRef> | <m>-oduj</m>, получаем в первой части
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæx"><w>tæx</w>
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<gloss><q>стремительно</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сильно</q></gloss></ref>, во второй —
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глагольную форму 3-го лица ед. ч. от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūdyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">odun</w>
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<gloss><q>стараться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>стремиться</q></gloss></ref> и все вместе
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можем перевести с натяжкой: <q>сильно хочется</q>. Не исключено, однако, что с таким
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анализом мы попадаемся на приманку народноэтимологического осмысления и что в
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действительности слово усвоено извне.<note type="footnote"><name>А. Шагиров</name>
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обращает мое внимание на <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>tẖäʼuxud</w>
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<gloss><q>фея</q></gloss><note type="comment"> (?)</note></mentioned>.</note> —
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Близкие по употреблению слова-возгласы имеются в других языках Кавказа, например:
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>netʼavi</w></mentioned> [<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><phr>netʼavi axla čemi Tamro
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damanaxva!</phr>
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<gloss><q>о, если бы сейчас меня увидела моя Тамара!</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
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<biblScope>V 1478</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>].</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Having divided it into <oRef>tæx-ūdy</oRef> | <m>-oduj</m>, we get <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæx"><w>tæx</w>
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<gloss><q>swiftly</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>strongly</q></gloss></ref> in the first part,
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and in the second part there is verb form of the 3rd person singular from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūdyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">odun</w>
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<gloss><q>try</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>aspire</q></gloss></ref> and we can translate it
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all together with a stretch: <q>strongly want</q>. It is possible, however, that with such
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an analysis we fall for the lure of folk etymological understanding and that in reality
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the word was acquired from outside.<note type="footnote"><name>A. Shagirov</name> draws my
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attention to <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>tẖäʼuxud</w>
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<gloss><q>fairy</q></gloss><note type="comment"> (?)</note></mentioned>.</note> —
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Closely used words-exclamations are found in other languages of the Caucasus, for example:
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>netʼavi</w></mentioned> [<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><phr>netʼavi axla čemi Tamro
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damanaxva!</phr>
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<gloss><q>oh, if only my Tamara could see me now!</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
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<biblScope>V 1478</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>].</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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