181 lines
14 KiB
XML
181 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tyḱḱy</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tyḱḱy" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d2165e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tyḱḱy</orth><form type="variant"><orth>dyḱḱy</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tukki</orth><form type="variant"><orth>tikki</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2165e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>игральный камешек</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>playing stone</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tyḱḱyjæ qazyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">играть в <oRef>tyḱḱy</oRef></q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">play <oRef>tyḱḱy</oRef></q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; игра заключается в подбрасывании и подхватывании
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камешков по определенным правилам; играют обычно девушки. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Девушки могли развлекаться игрой в пять камешков —
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дыччита. Игра ведется на полу, сидя, одной рукой, и состоит в раскладывании и
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схватывании 4-х камешков в те небольшие промежутки времени, пока подброшенный пятый
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камешек не пойман той же рукой. Проделав это при различных расположениях камешков,
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игрок перекидывает все пять камешков на верхнюю поверхность кисти той же руки, а затем
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обратно в ладонь; число схваченных ладонью камешков заносится в счет выигранных
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очков</q>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Коста._Этн."/>
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<biblScope>21</biblScope>)</bibl></quote></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; the game consists in tossing and picking up pebbles
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according to certain rules; the players are usually girls. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Girls could have fun playing five pebbles. The game is
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played on the floor, sitting, with one hand, and consists in laying out and grasping 4
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pebbles in those short periods of time until the fifth pebble tossed is caught with
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the same hand. Having done this with different arrangements of pebbles, the player
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throws all five pebbles to the upper surface of the hand of the same hand, and then
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back into the palm; the number of pebbles grasped by the palm is recorded in the score
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of points won</q>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Коста._Этн."/>
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<biblScope>21</biblScope>)</bibl></quote></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xūrtwætty raz gykʼynatæ <oRef>tyḱḱyjæ</oRef>
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qazt k˳y rajdajync</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">возле рассыпанного для просушки зерна девушки
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начинают игру в <oRef>tyḱḱy</oRef></q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">near the grain scattered for drying, the girls
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begin the game <oRef>tyḱḱy</oRef></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
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<biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱyzǵytæ <oRef>dyḱḱyjæ</oRef> qazydysty...
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Totyraž sæm (Būry fyrty) sær syxsy æmæ sæm žūry: henyr ūmæj qazūt <oRef>dyḱḱyjy</oRef>
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bæsty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">«девушки играли в <oRef>dyḱḱy</oRef>... Тотраж
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подкинул к ним голову (Бурова сына) и говорит им: теперь играйте ею (головой) вместо
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игрального камешка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the girls were playing <oRef>dyḱḱy</oRef>...
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Totyrazh threw the head (of Burov’s son) to them and tells them: now play with it
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(with the head) instead of a playing stone</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 77, 79</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cardæj <oRef>tyḱḱyjaw</oRef> næj
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qazæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нельзя играть жизнью, как игральным
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камешком</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you cannot play with life like a playing
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stone</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1957 III 32</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Игра представляет один из архаичных прототипов игры в кости, которая
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свидетельствуется у индоевропейских народов от глубокой древности (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
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<biblScope>II 423</biblScope></bibl>, со ссылкой на: <bibl><author>Zimmer</author>.
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<title>Altindisches Leben</title>, <biblScope>283 sq.</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><author>Tacitus</author>. <title>Germania</title>. <biblScope>Сар.
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24</biblScope></bibl>). Ближайшие реальные параллели — у народов Кавказа. У чанов игра
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называется <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>cʼikʼvabi</w></mentioned>: <cit>
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<quote>«пять круглых камешков или детская игра в них; в эту игру обыкновенно играют
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девочки, редко мальчики»</quote>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Чан."/>
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<biblScope>219</biblScope>)</bibl>
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</cit>. Эта же игра зовется еще <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>kwaoni</w>
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<note type="comment">от <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>kwa</w>
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<gloss><q>камень</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Чан."/>
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<biblScope>199</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В грузинском (рачинский
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говор) игра зовется <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-rachian"><w>kʼenčʼroba</w>
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<note type="comment">от <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-rachian"><w>kʼenčʼi</w>
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<gloss><q>камешек</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. <cit>
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<quote>«Игра состоит из нескольких частей: <foreign>titona</foreign> — подбирание
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камешков по одному с земли; <foreign>orola</foreign> — то же по два вместе;
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<foreign>čačʼqepʼa</foreign> — перекидывание камешков сперва с ладони на тыльную
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сторону руки, оттуда снова на ладонь»</quote>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
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<biblScope>20–21</biblScope>)</bibl>
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</cit>. По звуковому облику ос. <oRef>tyḱḱy</oRef> напоминает детские слова (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒykki"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒykka"/> и т. п.).
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Этимологически может сближаться с приведенным выше <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>cʼikʼvabi</w></mentioned>, с учетом обычных для детских слов звуковых
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деформаций.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The game represents one of the archaic prototypes of the game of dice,
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which is evidenced among the Indo-European peoples from ancient times (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
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<biblScope>II 423</biblScope></bibl>, with reference to: <bibl><author>Zimmer</author>.
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<title>Altindisches Leben</title>, <biblScope>283 sq.</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><author>Tacitus</author>. <title>Germania</title>.
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<biblScope><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T234335+0300" comment="а это что?"?>Cap<?oxy_comment_end ?>.
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24</biblScope></bibl>). The closest real parallels are among the peoples of the
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Caucasus. The Laz people have a game called <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>cʼikʼvabi</w></mentioned>: <cit>
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">five round pebbles or a child’s game with them;
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this game is usually played by girls, rarely by boys</q></quote>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Чан."/>
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<biblScope>219</biblScope>)</bibl>
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</cit>. This game is also called <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>kwaoni</w>
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<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>kwa</w>
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<gloss><q>stone</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Чан."/>
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<biblScope>199</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. In Georgian (Rachian
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dialect), the game is called <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-rachian"><w>kʼenčʼroba</w>
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<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-rachian"><w>kʼenčʼi</w>
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<gloss><q>small stone</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. <cit>
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The game consists of several parts:
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<foreign>titona</foreign> – picking up pebbles one by one from the ground;
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<foreign>orola</foreign> –
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T234616+0300" comment="??"?>the
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same by two together<?oxy_comment_end ?>; <foreign>čačʼqepʼa</foreign> – throwing
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pebbles first from the palm to the back of the hand, from there again to the
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palm</q></quote>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
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<biblScope>20–21</biblScope>)</bibl>
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</cit>.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T234658+0300" comment="?????"?>In
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terms of sound <?oxy_comment_end ?>form Ossetic <oRef>tyḱḱy</oRef> reminds of children’s
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words (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒykki"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒykka"/>
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etc.). Etymologically, it may be close to the above <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>cʼikʼvabi</w></mentioned>, taking into account the usual sound deformations for
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children’s words.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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