261 lines
19 KiB
XML
261 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wasxæ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_wasxæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor" abv:completeness="questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d5033e66" type="lemma"><orth>wasxæ</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5033e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>клятва</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oath</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_somy"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_somy"/></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wasxæ</oRef> n’ astæw, mæ
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sinxon</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">между нами (да будет) клятва, мой сосед</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">between us (may there be) an oath, my
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neighbour</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>109</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Narti <oRef>wasxæ</oRef> din dæddun, kʼwærej
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boni dæ razmæ kud racæwʒænæn obæl</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">даю тебе нартовскую клятву, что через неделю
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выйду тебе навстречу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I give you the Nart oath that in a week I will
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come out toward you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 16</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ <oRef>wacxæ</oRef> ma fæssajæ!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не нарушь свою клятву!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not break your oath!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="ru"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам.">там же</ref>, <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам.">ibid.</ref>,
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xæmic <oRef>wasxæ</oRef> ravardta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хамиц дал клятву</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xæmits gave an oath</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="ru"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам.">там же</ref>, <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам.">ibid.</ref>,
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<biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">Семантическая
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близость к <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"/> хорошо видна в некоторых формулах, где
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по желанию можно употребить то или другое слово, например: </note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">The semantic
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proximity to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"/> is clearly seen in certain formulae
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where both words are freely interchangeable, e.g.: </note>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231108T015939+0300" comment="строго говоря, пример не на это слово"?>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ ard dæ fæste æftud fæwwæd!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твой <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"><foreign>ard</foreign></ref> тебя да преследует!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may your <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"><foreign>ard</foreign></ref> follow you!</q>
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</tr>
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</example><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<example>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">или </note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">or </note>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ <oRef>wasxæ</oRef> dæ fæste æftud
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fæwwæd!</quote>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">Сюда же </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">Here also </note>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/><orth>Wasxo</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<def xml:lang="ru">название свя- тилища и божества, чествуемого в <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>ауле</gloss>
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<w>Qæni</w></mentioned></def>
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<def xml:lang="en">name of a sanctuary and deity venerated in the <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>village</gloss>
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<w>Qæni</w></mentioned></def>
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<note type="bibl" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><title>Сб. сведений о кавк. горцах</title>
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<biblScope>III <hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 40</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231108T020153+0300" comment="у Абаева здесь точка тире"?>Wasxo<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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æz de wazæg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Уасхо, отдаюсь под твое покровительство</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Waskho, I am giving myself in under your
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patronage</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Абхазо-адыгский культовой термин: <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>waśx́wä</w>
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<gloss>употребляется в формулах клятвы, значение уже не осознается</gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Кабардинский фольклор</title>.
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<pubPlace>М.—Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1936</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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638</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Аутлева</author>. <title>Новые материалы по
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религии адыгов</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Уч. зап. Адыг. научно-исслед.
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инст.</title>
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<date>1965</date></bibl>
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<biblScope>IV 191</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>wašx́o</w>
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<gloss><q>небесный свод</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хатанов_Керашева"/>
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<biblScope>560</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
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<w>wašxwa</w>
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<gloss><q>гром и молния</q></gloss>, <phr>wášxwa wəyáx!</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">порази тебя гром!</q></gloss>, <gloss>также в
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формулах клятвы: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bei Gott!</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mészaros"/>
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<biblScope>197, 200</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vogt"/>
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<biblScope>201</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>wašxwa</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">используется как выражение самой сильной,
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верной клятвы</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<name>Инал-ипа</name>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>wašx́wa</w>
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<gloss><q>клятва</q></gloss>, также <gloss><q>некая высшая священная
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сила</q></gloss></mentioned> (см. ниже библиографическую справку, стр. 154).
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<name>Инал-ипа</name> предположительно относит сюда <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>visxa</w>, <w>usxvaj</w>
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<gloss>название быков, посвященных владыке неба</gloss></mentioned>. Этимология не
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вполне ясна. Есть попытки анализировать на адыгской почве (<w>wa-šxwä</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">небо синее</q></gloss>). Несколько иначе (на
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убыхском материале): <bibl><author>Dumézil</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
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<biblScope>1963 V 10</biblScope></bibl>; ср. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/>
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<biblScope>1956, f. 4, стр. 365</biblScope></bibl>. — Сближается с <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
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<w>wašhaw</w>
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<gloss><q>бог</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<name>Bleichsteiner</name>, <name>Mészaros</name>,
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<name>Георгиев</name>, <name>Инал-ипа</name> и др.)</note></mentioned>. Несомненна
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глубокая древность этого религиозного термина на абхазо-адыгской почве. Семантическая
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эволюция <gloss><q>имя божества</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>клятва этим божеством</q></gloss>
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→ вообще <gloss><q>клятва</q></gloss> знакома нам и на осетинской почве: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ard</w>
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<gloss><q>клятва</q></gloss></ref> восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>Arta-</w>
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<gloss>название божества</gloss></mentioned>. — <bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>I 1191Э, 16120</biblScope>)</bibl> делил <w>was-xo</w> и сближал первую часть
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с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wac"><w>was</w>, <w>wac</w></ref> в именах <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">божеств</q>
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wastyrǵi"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/> и др.
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Вторая часть (<c>-xo</c>, <c>-xæ</c>) остается при этом загадочной. Оснований для такого
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толкования, кроме случайного созвучия, нет. Слово целиком усвоено из абхазского или
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адыгского и к ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wac"/> отношения не
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имеет.<lb/><bibl><author>Инал-ипа</author>. <title>Вопросы этно-культурной истории
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абхазов</title>. <pubPlace>Сухуми</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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146—162</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Штакельберг</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
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<biblScope>1955 XVII 488, прим. 3</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">An Abkhaz-Adyghe religious term: <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>waśx́wä</w>
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<gloss>used in oath formulae, meaning no longer understood</gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Kabardinskij folʼklor</title> [Kabardian folklore].
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<pubPlace>Moscow, Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1936</date>, <biblScope>p.
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638</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Autleva</author>. <title>Novye materialy
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po religii adygov</title> [New materials on the religion of the Adyghe]. <bibl type="j"><title>Učënye zapiski Adygejskogo naučno-issledovatelʼskogo
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instituta</title>
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<date>1965</date></bibl>
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<biblScope>IV 191</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>wašx́o</w>
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<gloss><q>firmament</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хатанов_Керашева"/>
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<biblScope>560</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
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<w>wašxwa</w>
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<gloss><q>thunder and lightning</q></gloss>, <phr>wášxwa wəyáx!</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">thunder take you!</q></gloss>, <gloss>also in
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oath formulae: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bei Gott!</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mészaros"/>
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<biblScope>197, 200</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vogt"/>
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<biblScope>201</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>wašxwa</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">used to express the strongest, most reliable
|
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oath</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<name>Inal-ipa</name>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
|
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<w>wašx́wa</w>
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<gloss><q>oath</q></gloss>, also <gloss><q>some higher holy
|
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force</q></gloss></mentioned> (see bibliographic note below, p. 154).
|
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<name>Inal-ipa</name>, as a hypothesis, also adds <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
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<w>visxa</w>, <w>usxvaj</w>
|
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<gloss>name of oxen dedicated to the sky lord</gloss></mentioned>. The etymology is not
|
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|
|
entirely clear. There have been attempts to analyze the word in Circassian terms
|
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|
|
(<w>wa-šxwä</w>
|
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|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">sky blue</q></gloss>). Somewhat different (based
|
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on Ubykh data): <bibl><author>Dumézil</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>1963 V 10</biblScope></bibl>; cf. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>1956, f. 4, p. 365</biblScope></bibl>. — Approaches <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>wašhaw</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>a god</q></gloss>
|
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|
|
<note type="bibl">(<name>Bleichsteiner</name>, <name>Mészaros</name>,
|
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|
|
<name>Georgiev</name>, <name>Inal-ipa</name> etc.)</note></mentioned>. The deep
|
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|
|
antiquity of this religious term in Abkhaz-Adyghe is without doubt. The semantic evolution
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>name of a deity</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>oath by this deity</q></gloss> →
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>oath</q> in general</gloss> is also known in Ossetic: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>ard</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>oath</q></gloss></ref> goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>Arta-</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss>name of a deity</gloss></mentioned>. — <bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>I 119<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">19</hi>, 161<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">20</hi></biblScope>)</bibl> analyzed it as <w>was-xo</w>
|
|||
|
|
and compared the first part to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wac"><w>was</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>wac</w></ref> in the names of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">deities</q>
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wastyrǵi"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/> etc.
|
|||
|
|
The second part (<c>-xo</c>, <c>-xæ</c>) in this case remains mysterious. Apart from
|
|||
|
|
accidental similarity, there is no ground for this interpretation. The word is borrowed
|
|||
|
|
from Abkhaz or Circassian in its entirety and has nothing to do with Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wac"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Inal-ipa</author>. <title>Voprosy
|
|||
|
|
ètno-kulʼturnoj istorii abxazov</title> [Questions of the ethno-cultural history of
|
|||
|
|
the Abkhazians]. <pubPlace>Sukhumi</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>, <biblScope>pp.
|
|||
|
|
146–162</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Stackelberg</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1955 XVII 488, fn. 3</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
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|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
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|
</TEI>
|