428 lines
30 KiB
XML
428 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xojyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xojyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d3311e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xojyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>xost</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwajun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>xwast</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3311e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>колотить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>pound</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вколачивать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hammer</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стучать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>knock</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>толочь (соль)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>crush (salt)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rast æmbīsæxsævy dæm rūʒyng k˳y
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<oRef>baxoja</oRef>, wæd cyrd læw, Xetæg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда он ровно в полночь стукнет к тебе в окно,
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то будь наготове, Хетаг</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when he knocks on your window exactly at
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midnight, then be ready, Khetag</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>217</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw xæʒary dwar <oRef>baxostam</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы постучали в дверь одного дома</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we knocked on the door of a house</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>218</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zærdæ kʼūltyl jæxī <oRef>xojyn</oRef>
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sīsy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сердце начинает колотиться о стенки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">heart starts pounding against the walls</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zarbeg... jæ ūsy nadta,
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<oRef>xosta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Зарбег свою жену бил, колотил</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zarbeg beat, pounded his wife</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arv æmæ zæxx kæræʒījy
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<oRef>xostoj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">небо и земля колотили друг друга</q>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (о
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грозе)</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (о
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грозе)</note>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">heaven and earth pounded each other</q>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (about a
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thunderstorm)</note>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>128</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ sawlox bæx, ændon cæfxædtæj saw zæxx
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<oRef>xoj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мой шавлоховский конь, топчи стальными
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подковами черную землю</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my Shavlokh horse, trample the black earth with
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steel horseshoes</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Xar._Zærdæ"/>
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<biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tymbyl kʼūxtæj jæ rīwy kʼæj
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<oRef>nyxxosta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он стал колотить себе грудь кулаками</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he began to beat his chest with his fists</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1972 VI 12</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arsy boǧ nykkodta, jæ sær
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<oRef>nyxxosta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он взревел как медведь, стал колотить свою
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голову</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he roared like a bear, began to beat his
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head</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 302</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æfsymærtæ bajwærstoj æmæ sæ īwy fæcīs fæxt,
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īnnæjy <oRef>cæxxojæn</oRef> dūr</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">братья поделились, и одному досталась ступка,
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другому камень для толчения соли</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the brothers shared, and one of them got a
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mortar, the other a stone for crushing salt</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 177</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">babaj cirt min ka
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<oRef>baxwaja</oRef>?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто постучит в могилу моего отца?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">who will knock on my fatherʼs grave?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">farsi medægæ <oRef>xwasi</oRef> adtæj ew
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kʼwar ǧædin kʼæbæli</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в стену было вколочено несколько деревянных
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колышков</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">several wooden pegs were driven into the
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wall</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1949 II 29</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bæxi idonæ bæxgælʒænbæl babasta æxwædæg ba
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dwar <oRef>baxwasta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">узду коня он привязал к коновязи, а сам
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постучал в дверь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he tied the horse's bridle to the hitching post
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and knocked on the door himself</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">Глагол участвует в некоторых идиоматических выражениях,
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например: </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">The verb is involved in some idiomatic expressions, for
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example: </note>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>nyxxosta (<note type="internal">или</note> nykʼkʼ˳yrdta) æmæ
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afardæg</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">стукнул и
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отправился</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">knocked and
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went</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> в смысле </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> in the sense </note>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>взял и отправился</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>took and went</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xwāy-</w> из <w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230715T191847+0300" comment="это иранское?"?>hwahaya<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></mentioned>.
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С превербами и без них обильно представлен в иранских языках: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xwast</w>
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|
|
<gloss><q>истоптанный</q></gloss></mentioned> (= д. <oRef>xwast</oRef>), <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/> (кашанский диалект) <w>xost</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>битый</q></gloss></mentioned>(= и. <oRef>xost</oRef>), <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kuʷā</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бил</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>стучал</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (? <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">KPF, Abt. III, Bd. IV,
|
|||
|
|
стр. 125, 263</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">KPF, Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр. 125,
|
|||
|
|
263</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>молотить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwastan</w> : <w>xwāh-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>топтать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>молотить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><w>xwast</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>усталый</q></gloss> = <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">побитый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xay-</w> : <w>xüst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xay-</w> : <w>xūst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xoy-</w> : <w>xost</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>молотить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwayn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>молотьба</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xüy</w> : <w>xüyd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xa-</w> : <w>xast</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/><w>x˳ay-</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>xoj-</w> : <w>x˳asta</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>молотить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai">(с превербами)
|
|||
|
|
<w>pxoy</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разрывать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>sᵘxoy-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толкать вверх</q></gloss></mentioned> (= oc. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ysxojyn"/>), <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>txoy-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>убивать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>unxoy-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ломать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разбивать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/> (с превербами) <w type="rec">xwāy-</w> | <w type="rec">anxwāy-</w> : <w>anxwāst-</w> (<w>’nγw’y-</w>: <w>ʼnγw’st-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ломать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>крошить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>толочь в
|
|||
|
|
ступе</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">patxway-</w>
|
|||
|
|
: <w>patxwast-</w> (<w>ptγw’y-</w>: <w>ptxwst-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>убивать</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XIV 472— 473</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">pacxway-</w> : <w>pačxwast-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pcxw’y-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-man"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pcxwst-</w><gloss><q/></gloss></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>противостоять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">səxwāy-</w> : <w>səxwast-</w> (<w>sγw’y-</w>: <w>sγwst-</w>) <gloss><q>поднимать
|
|||
|
|
вверх</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">fraxwāy-</w>
|
|||
|
|
(<w>βrγw’y-</w>) <gloss><q>дробить</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>крошить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">ᵃpxwāy-</w> : <w>ᵃpxwst-</w> (<w>’pγw’y-</w>: <w>ʼpxwst-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>отсекать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">nəxwāy-</w> (<w>nγw’y-</w>) <gloss><q>выжимать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">anxwāy-</w> : <w>anxwast-</w> (<w>ʼnγw’y-</w>:
|
|||
|
|
<w>ʼnγwst-</w>) <gloss><q>ломать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">xwāy</w>, <w>xoy-</w></mentioned> в имени <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ῥαχοίσακος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">пронзающий <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>raxoy-</w></mentioned>)</note> оленя <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>sak-</w></mentioned>)</note></q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>168, 178</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>muxxāsta</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>устал</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Фрейман</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Хорезмийский язык</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М. — Л.</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1951</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 80</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 80</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hvah-</w> : <w>hvasta-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>разбивать</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Emmerick"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>158</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xᵛah-</w>, <w>xᵛanhaya-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>давить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>напирать</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>теснить</q></gloss></mentioned>. О дальнейших возможных связях (<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>suvati</w></mentioned>) см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1875</biblScope></bibl>. — О <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sъvati</w></mentioned> в данной связи см.: <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Зализняк</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы слав. языкознания, вып. 6</title>,
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 37</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 37</biblScope></bibl>. — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> восстанавливает индоевропейскую базу
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xwoi-</w>, <w type="rec">xwəi-</w></mentioned> и
|
|||
|
|
относит сюда <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>хвеяться</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>колебаться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>chvějí</w>, <w>chviti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>chwiać</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шатать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>трясти</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><title>Die Sparche</title>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1958</date><biblScope>IV 62</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — В
|
|||
|
|
осетинском глагол представлен еще в старом сращении с превербами: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræxojyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræxojyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræxwajun</w> (<w type="rec">fra- xwāy-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пронзать</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ysxojyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ysxojyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æsxwajun</w> (<w type="rec">uz-xwāy-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толкать</q></gloss></ref>; см. эти слова.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 168</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Эдельман</author>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/><biblScope>1977 IV 84</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>254</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>505, 508</biblScope></bibl> (s. v. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>hvaittä</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">он колотит</q></gloss></mentioned>).</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xwāy-</w> from <w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230715T191847+0300" comment="это иранское?"?>hwahaya<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></mentioned>.
|
|||
|
|
With and without preverbs, it is abundantly represented in the Iranian languages:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwast</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>trampled down</q></gloss></mentioned> (= Digor <oRef>xwast</oRef>), <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/> (Kashan dialect) <w>xost</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>битый</q></gloss></mentioned> (= Iron <oRef>xost</oRef>), <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kuʷā</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>beat (past)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>knocked</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (?
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">KPF, Abt.
|
|||
|
|
III, Bd. IV, стр. 125, 263</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">KPF, Abt. III, Bd.
|
|||
|
|
IV, p. 125, 263</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>thresh</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwastan</w> : <w>xwāh-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stomp</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>thresh</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><w>xwast</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tired</q></gloss> = <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">beaten
|
|||
|
|
up</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xay-</w> : <w>xüst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xay-</w> : <w>xūst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xoy-</w> : <w>xost</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>thresh</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwayn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>threshing</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xüy</w> : <w>xüyd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xa-</w> : <w>xast</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/><w>x˳ay-</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>xoj-</w> : <w>x˳asta</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>thresh</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai">(with preverbs)
|
|||
|
|
<w>pxoy</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tear down</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>sᵘxoy-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>push up</q></gloss></mentioned> (= Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ysxojyn"/>), <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>txoy-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>kill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>unxoy-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>break</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>smash</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/> (with preverbs) <w type="rec">xwāy-</w> | <w type="rec">anxwāy-</w> : <w>anxwāst-</w> (<w>’nγw’y-</w>: <w>ʼnγw’st-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>break</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crumble</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pestle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">patxway-</w> : <w>patxwast-</w> (<w>ptγw’y-</w>: <w>ptxwst-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>kill</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XIV 472— 473</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">pacxway-</w> : <w>pačxwast-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pcxw’y-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-man"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pcxwst-</w><gloss><q/></gloss></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>resist</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">səxwāy-</w> : <w>səxwast-</w> (<w>sγw’y-</w>: <w>sγwst-</w>) <gloss><q>lift
|
|||
|
|
up</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">fraxwāy-</w>
|
|||
|
|
(<w>βrγw’y-</w>) <gloss><q>fraction</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>crumble</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">ᵃpxwāy-</w> : <w>ᵃpxwst-</w> (<w>’pγw’y-</w>: <w>ʼpxwst-</w>) <gloss><q>cut
|
|||
|
|
off</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">nəxwāy-</w>
|
|||
|
|
(<w>nγw’y-</w>) <gloss><q>squeeze</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">anxwāy-</w> : <w>anxwast-</w> (<w>ʼnγw’y-</w>: <w>ʼnγwst-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>break</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">xwāy</w>, <w>xoy-</w></mentioned> in the name <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ῥαχοίσακος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">piercing <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>raxoy-</w></mentioned>)</note> deer <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>sak-</w></mentioned>)</note></q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>168, 178</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>muxxāsta</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>got tired</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Frejman</author>. <title xml:lang="en">Xorezmijskij jazyk [Khwarezmian language]</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow
|
|||
|
|
— Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1951</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
|
|||
|
|
80</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
|
|||
|
|
80</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hvah-</w> : <w>hvasta-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>break</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Emmerick"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>158</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xᵛah-</w>, <w>xᵛanhaya-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>crush</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>push</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>press</q></gloss></mentioned>. On other possible connections (<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>suvati</w></mentioned>), see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1875</biblScope></bibl>. — On <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sъvati</w></mentioned> in this regard, see: <bibl><author xml:lang="en">Zaliznjak</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Voprosy slav,. jazykoznanija, vyp. 6
|
|||
|
|
[Problems of Slavic linguistics, vol. 6]</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
|
|||
|
|
37</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 37</biblScope></bibl>. — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> reconstructs the Indo-European base
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xwoi-</w>, <w type="rec">xwəi-</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
and relates here <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xvejatʼsja</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fluctuate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>chvějí</w>, <w>chviti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>chwiać</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stagger</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>shake</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><title>Die Sparche</title>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1958</date><biblScope>IV 62</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — In
|
|||
|
|
Ossetian, the verb is presented in the old fusion form with preverbs: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræxojyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræxojyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræxwajun</w> (<w type="rec">fra- xwāy-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pierce</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ysxojyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ysxojyn</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æsxwajun</w> (<w type="rec">uz-xwāy-</w>)
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<gloss><q>push</q></gloss></ref>; see these entries.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>I 168</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="en">Edelʼman</author>,
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/><biblScope>1977 IV 84</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/>
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<biblScope>254</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
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<biblScope>505, 508</biblScope></bibl> (s. v. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>hvaittä</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">he beats</q></gloss></mentioned>).</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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