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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_zust.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zust</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_zust" xml:lang="os-x-digor" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d1796e66" type="lemma"><orth>zust</orth></form>
<usg><lang/></usg>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1796e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>гневный</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>wrathful</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>сердитый</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>angry</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>суровый</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>severe</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>zustæj</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гневно</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">angrily</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>сурово</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>sternly</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>резко</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>abruptly</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>в сердцах</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>in a fit of anger</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; по значению ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsty"/></note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. the meaning of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsty"/></note>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Oræzmæg urunduqbæl <oRef>zustgomaw</oRef>
ærbabadtæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Оразмаг мрачноватый сел на кровать</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Orazmag sat down on the bed being gloomy</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 36</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæmi <oRef>zustæj</oRef>, kæmi liǧzæj mæ
æxemæ sajuj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где суровостью, где лаской завлекает меня к
себе</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he lures me to him somewhere with severity,
somewhere with affection</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 14</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæʒʒorun næ lægmæ <oRef>zust</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">говорю с мужем резко</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I speak sharply to my husband</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
<biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">та wo æ xæccæ du dær
<oRef>zust</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и ты не будь к ней суровой</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not be too hard on her as well</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
<biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wad <oRef>zust</oRef> ǯinazʒ ænæj rezungængæj
dorin xox</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гневно будет выть буря, сотрясая каменную
гору</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the storm will howl angrily, shaking the stone
mountain</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
<biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zust</oRef> ʒurd, æfxwærd zaǧd nekæd
feǧuston næ xestæræj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гневного слова, оскорбительного выражения я не
слышал никогда от нашего старшего</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have never heard an angry word, an insulting
expression from our elder one</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1956 VII 49</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">meǧti <oRef>zust</oRef> kʼwærttæ...</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">грозные кучи облаков...</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">menacing piles of clouds...</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_зӕрд."/>
<biblScope>45</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ford... <oRef>zust</oRef> fentʼoxuj æ
purfæntæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">река гневно мечет брызги</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the river splashes angrily</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Вероятно, следует возводить к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>a-zušta-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">не-любезный,
не-ласковый</q></gloss></mentioned>, с отпадением привативного <m>a-</m>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dojny"><w>dojny</w>
<gloss><q>жажда</q></gloss></ref> из <w>æ-dojny</w>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>zušta-</w>
<gloss><q>милый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>любимый</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">от <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>zaoš-</w>
<gloss><q>любить</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>ysūṣṭa-</w>
<gloss><q>приятный</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Asmussen</author>. <title>The Khotanese
Bhadracaryādeśana</title>. <pubPlace>København</pubPlace>, <date>1961</date>,
<biblScope>стр. 94</biblScope></bibl>. — Ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch._Mithra"/>
<biblScope>219–220 прим.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP">EVP</ref>
<biblScope>106, s. v. <w>ẓ̌aɣ</w></biblScope>)</bibl> возводит <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>zwaẓ̌</w>
<gloss><q>горечь</q></gloss></mentioned> к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">a-zauša-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">не-приятность</q></gloss></mentioned>.
Позитивная семантика сохранилась, быть может, в <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>izust</w>
<note type="comment">(<w type="rec">wi-zušta-</w>)</note>
<note type="comment">(hapax)</note>
<gloss><q>изящный</q></gloss></mentioned> [<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rawwesaw izust cæwagæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она ходит изящно, как косуля</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она ходит изящно, как косуля</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
<biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
</example>]? Ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒosæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>ʒosæ</w>
<gloss><q>(приятная) приправа</q></gloss></ref>. Индоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ǵeus-</w>
<gloss><q>смаковать</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>399 sq.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Probably, should be traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>a-zušta-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">un-kind</q></gloss></mentioned>, with the loss
of the privative <m>a-</m>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dojny"><w>dojny</w>
<gloss><q>thirst</q></gloss></ref> from <w>æ-dojny</w>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>zušta-</w>
<gloss><q>nice</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>favourite</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>zaoš-</w>
<gloss><q>love</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>ysūṣṭa-</w>
<gloss><q>pleasant</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Asmussen</author>. <title>The Khotanese
Bhadracaryādeśana</title>. <pubPlace>København</pubPlace>, <date>1961</date>,
<biblScope>p. 94</biblScope></bibl>. — Cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch._Mithra"/>
<biblScope>219–220
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230719T121022+0300" comment="? прим."?>note<?oxy_comment_end ?></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP">EVP</ref>
<biblScope>106, s. v. <w>ẓ̌aɣ</w></biblScope>)</bibl> traces <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>zwaẓ̌</w>
<gloss><q>bitterness</q></gloss></mentioned> back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">a-zauša-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">un-pleasantness</q></gloss></mentioned>. The
positive semantics is maybe retained in <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>izust</w>
<note type="comment">(<w type="rec">wi-zušta-</w>)</note>
<note type="comment">(hapax)</note>
<gloss><q>elegant</q></gloss></mentioned> [<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rawwesaw izust cæwagæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она ходит изящно, как косуля</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she walks gracefully like a roe deer</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
<biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
</example>]<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230719T121138+0300" comment="так ок в вопросе?"?>?<?oxy_comment_end ?>
Cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒosæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>ʒosæ</w>
<gloss><q>(nice)
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230719T121213+0300" comment="seasoning?"?>condiment<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></ref>.
The Indo-European base is <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ǵeus-</w>
<gloss><q>savour</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">etc (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>399 sq.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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