238 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
238 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
||
<teiHeader>
|
||
<fileDesc>
|
||
<titleStmt>
|
||
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æm-</w></title>
|
||
</titleStmt>
|
||
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
||
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
||
<sourceDesc>
|
||
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
||
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
|
||
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
||
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
||
</sourceDesc>
|
||
</fileDesc>
|
||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
||
</tagsDecl>
|
||
</encodingDesc>
|
||
</teiHeader>
|
||
<text>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<entry xml:id="entry_æm-" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T124130+0300" comment="checked"?>
|
||
<form xml:id="form_d3388e66" type="lemma"><orth>æm-</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
||
<sense xml:id="sense_d3388e69">
|
||
<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">префикс, отвечающий русск.</note>
|
||
<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">prefix corresponding to English</note>
|
||
<sense xml:id="sense_d3388e70">
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>с-</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>with</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense xml:id="sense_d3388e79">
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>со-</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>co-</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиндоевропейская префиксальная (в частности превербальная)
|
||
частица, выражающая совместность, общность и пр. В одних языках мы застаем ее
|
||
уже в окаменелом виде в ограниченном числе старых сращений (греческий,
|
||
латинский, германские), в других — как живой и продуктивный словообразовательный
|
||
элемент (славянские, балтийские, арийские). К последним, вместе с другими
|
||
иранскими языками, относится и осетинский. Живое словообразовательное
|
||
использование префикса иллюстрируется такими неологизмами, как <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><w>amkūsæg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сотрудник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmdidin</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>соцветие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmfater</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>живущий на той же квартире</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Более
|
||
старыми, но прозрачными для говорящих являются такие образования, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmʒærīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmʒærīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænʒærīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сожитель</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ænbadīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">вместе
|
||
сидящий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ænxussīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">вместе
|
||
спящий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ænxætīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">товарищ по
|
||
бродяжничеству</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>спутник</q></gloss>
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T120525+0300" comment="this page has ænxætīnæ"?><note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>I
|
||
114</biblScope></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned> и др. В то же
|
||
время во многих старых сращениях он уже не осознается как префикс, например <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsymær"><w>æfsymær</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">æmsyvær</w>)</note>
|
||
<gloss><q>брат</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbīs"><w>æmbīs</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>половина</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbaryn"><w>æmbaryn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>понимать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyjyn"><w>æmbyjyn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>гнить</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æncoj"><w>æncoj</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>покой</q></gloss></ref> и др. Ос. <oRef>æm-</oRef> восходит к
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e313" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e121" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e318" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e126" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sam-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> с утратой начального
|
||
<c>h</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærzæ"/>. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e334" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e142" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>am-</w>, <w>an-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e339" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e147" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>an-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e344" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e152" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>an-dav</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>лихорадка</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntæf" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>æn-tæf</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>жара</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e355" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e163" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>im-</w>, <w>iw-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e360" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e168" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>am-</w>, <w>an-</w>, <w>han-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e365" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e173" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-sar</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>равный по достоинству</q></gloss>, <gloss>буквально <q>по
|
||
голове</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmsær" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>æm-sær</w>
|
||
<gloss>id.</gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e375" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e183" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e381" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e189" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
||
<w>häm-</w>,
|
||
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T121615+0300" comment="check in book"?>hæ̈v-<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e386" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e194" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e391" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e199" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">an-</w> (<w>ʼn</w>) </mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e396" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e204" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ha-</w>, <w>ham-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e401" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e209" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-raṣṭu</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>richtig</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmrast" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>æm-rast</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>прямо</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e412" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e220" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-</w>, <w>han-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e417" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e225" xml:lang="ae"><w>hāmō-xvarәθa-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>совместно едящий</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmxwærd" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>æm-xwærd</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>совместная
|
||
еда</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. За
|
||
пределами иранских языков ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e425" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e233" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sam-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e430" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e238" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sam-bhṛta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>собранный вместе</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyrd"><w>æmbyrd</w>
|
||
<gloss>id.</gloss></ref></note></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e441" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e249" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>są-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e446" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e254" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>с-</w>, <w>со-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e451" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e259" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sam-</w>, <w>są-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e456" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e264" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>1175</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>27, 167</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Common Indo-European prefixal (in particular preverbal) particle
|
||
expressing comitativity, commonality, etc. In some languages we find it already
|
||
frozen in a limited number of old fused words (Greek, Latin, Germanic), in
|
||
others, as a living and productive derivational element (Slavic, Baltic, Aryan).
|
||
The latter group, along with other Iranian languages, includes Ossetic. The
|
||
productive derivational use of the prefix is illustrated by neologisms such as
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><w>amkūsæg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>coworker</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmdidin</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>inflorescence (flower
|
||
cluster)</q></gloss><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T122311+0300" comment="added note"?><note type="footnote">Probably a calque from <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>so-cvetie</w>, <gloss>lit.
|
||
<q>co-flowering</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmfater</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>flatmate</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. Older but transparent to
|
||
speakers are items such as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmʒærīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmʒærīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænʒærīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>cohabitant</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ænbadīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">one who sits
|
||
together</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ænxussīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bedmate</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ænxætīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T123432+0300" comment="Abaev has товарищ по бродяжничеству, but Miller's example sounds more like "comrade in raiding/wandering", rather than бродяжничество as a kind of vagabondy (which is the normal Russian meaning of the word)"?>fellow
|
||
wanderer<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>companion</q></gloss>
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T120525+0300" comment="this page has ænxætīnæ"?><note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>I
|
||
114</biblScope></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned> etc. At the
|
||
same time, in many old fused words, it is no longer recognized as a prefix, for
|
||
instance <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsymær"><w>æfsymær</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">æmsyvær</w>)</note>
|
||
<gloss><q>brother</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbīs"><w>æmbīs</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>half</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbaryn"><w>æmbaryn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>to understand</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyjyn"><w>æmbyjyn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>to rot</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æncoj"><w>æncoj</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>peace, quiet</q></gloss></ref> etc. Ossetic <oRef>æm-</oRef> goes
|
||
back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e313" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e318" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sam-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> with loss of the initial
|
||
<c>h</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærzæ"/>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e334" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>am-</w>, <w>an-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e339" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>an-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e344" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>an-dav</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>fever</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntæf" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>æn-tæf</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>heat</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e355" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>im-</w>, <w>iw-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e360" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>am-</w>, <w>an-</w>, <w>han-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e365" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-sar</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>equal in
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T123757+0300" comment="? is this correct?"?>rank<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss>literally <q>in head</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmsær" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>æm-sær</w>
|
||
<gloss>id.</gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e375" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e381" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
||
<w>häm-</w>,
|
||
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T121615+0300" comment="check in book"?>hæ̈v-<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e386" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e391" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">an-</w> (<w>ʼn</w>) </mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e396" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ha-</w>, <w>ham-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e401" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-raṣṭu</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>richtig</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmrast" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>æm-rast</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>straight
|
||
(ahead)</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e412" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-</w>, <w>han-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e417" xml:lang="ae"><w>hāmō-xvarәθa-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T124035+0300" comment="check in dictionaries (AiW?)"?>one
|
||
sharing a meal, commensal<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmxwærd" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>æm-xwærd</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>common
|
||
meal</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Outside
|
||
of the Iranian languages, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e425" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sam-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e430" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sam-bhṛta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>gathered together</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyrd"><w>æmbyrd</w>
|
||
<gloss>id.</gloss></ref></note></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e441" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>są-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e446" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>s-</w>, <w>so-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e451" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sam-</w>, <w>są-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e456" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ham-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>1175</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>27, 167</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |