222 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
222 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æz</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_æz" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d954e66" type="lemma"><orth>æz</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d954e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d954e79">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d954e81">
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<quote>æz-yn-ma</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я думал</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q/>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d954e97">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d954e99">
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<quote>æz x˳yzdær k˳y dæn ænæ dæw</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я ведь без тебя еще лучше</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I am even better without you</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>81</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d954e118">
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<quote>æz dæn Narty nærton Wyryzmæg</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я — нартовский Урузмаг</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I am Uruzmag of the Narts</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d954e137" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>xizton æz mæ ʒogæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пас я свое стадо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I was herding my cattle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d954e159" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>nurtækkæ ew xelagæ ærbamardton æz</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>только что я убил одну змею</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I have just killed one snake</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 98</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d954e181">
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<quote>æz-yn-ma jæm jæ fyccaǵy ʒæbæx æǧdæwttæj īsty īs</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я думал, что у него осталось что-нибудь из его прежних хороших
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манер</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I thought that he left some of his former good manners</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/><biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d954e201">
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<quote>æz-yn-ma Mussæ balxædta (fos)</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я думал, что Мусса купил (скот)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I thought that Mussa had bought cattle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/><biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиранское и общеиндоевропейское личное местоимение.
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Осетинский относится к той группе новоиранских языков, которые сохранили
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супплетивность личного местоимения 1-го лица ед. ч., т.е. разные основы для
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прямого и косвенных падежей (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æz</hi> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæn"/> =
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e464" xml:id="mentioned_d954e225" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>azam || m-</w></mentioned>). К осетинскому примыкают в этом отношении:
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афганский, памирские, ягнобский, талышский, часть курдских диалектов.
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Супплетивность налицо также во всех средне- и древнеиранских языках. Напротив, в
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новоперсидском и примыкающих к нему диалектах, а также в белуджском и татском
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косвенная основа man- совершенно вытеснила прямую, что явилось, по-видимому,
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результатом обобщения логически субъективного употребления косвенного падежа в
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пассивных конструкциях типа <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e469" xml:id="mentioned_d954e230" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>mana kartam</w>
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<gloss><q>мною сделано</q></gloss></mentioned> (= „я сделал“). Впрочем, для
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1-го лица множ. ч. осетинский также утратил супплетивные формы; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_max"/>. Ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æz</hi> имеет многочисленные
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соответствия в иранских и индоевропейских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e479" xml:id="mentioned_d954e240" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>äz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e485" xml:id="mentioned_d954e246" xml:lang="ku"><w>äzä</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e488" xml:id="mentioned_d954e249" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
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<w>äz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e493" xml:id="mentioned_d954e254" xml:lang="ntz"><lang/>
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<w>äzā</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. I, стр.
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112</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e503" xml:id="mentioned_d954e264" xml:lang="x-barakai"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e512" xml:id="mentioned_d954e273" xml:lang="tly"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e517" xml:id="mentioned_d954e278" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e522" xml:id="mentioned_d954e283" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e527" xml:id="mentioned_d954e288" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>azi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e532" xml:id="mentioned_d954e293" xml:lang="isk"><w>az</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e535" xml:id="mentioned_d954e296" xml:lang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e541" xml:id="mentioned_d954e302" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>waz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e546" xml:id="mentioned_d954e307" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>wuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e551" xml:id="mentioned_d954e312" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>zoh</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e556" xml:id="mentioned_d954e317" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>zå</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e561" xml:id="mentioned_d954e322" xml:lang="bsk"><lang/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(заимств.) </note><w>ž́a</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>И.
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И. Зарубин</author><biblScope>Вершик. наречие 314</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e573" xml:id="mentioned_d954e334" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>zə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e578" xml:id="mentioned_d954e339" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e583" xml:id="mentioned_d954e344" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>́́až́</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e588" xml:id="mentioned_d954e349" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*azu('zw)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e593" xml:id="mentioned_d954e354" xml:lang="sog"><w>*ž́u(zw)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e596" xml:id="mentioned_d954e357" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>aysu(=azu)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e602" xml:id="mentioned_d954e363" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e607" xml:id="mentioned_d954e368" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>aδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e612" xml:id="mentioned_d954e373" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>azəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e617" xml:id="mentioned_d954e378" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e622" xml:id="mentioned_d954e383" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>aham</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e627" xml:id="mentioned_d954e388" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>es</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e633" xml:id="mentioned_d954e394" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w n="0">азъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e638" xml:id="mentioned_d954e400" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>áš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e643" xml:id="mentioned_d954e405" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>es</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e648" xml:id="mentioned_d954e410" xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
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<w>es</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e653" xml:id="mentioned_d954e415" xml:lang="prg"><w>as</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e656" xml:id="mentioned_d954e418" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>ik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e662" xml:id="mentioned_d954e424" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>ich</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e667" xml:id="mentioned_d954e429" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>έγώ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e672" xml:id="mentioned_d954e434" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>ego</w></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_max"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
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48</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A common Iranian and common Indo-European personal pronoun.
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Ossetic belongs to a branch of new Iranian languages which have save the
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suppletion of 1Sg personal pronoun, i.e. there are different stems for direct
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and oblique cases (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æz</hi> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæn"/> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e225" xml:id="mentioned_d954e464" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>azam || m-</w></mentioned>). Following languages have the same behaviour:
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Pashto, Pamir, Yaghnobi, Talysh, a part of Kurdish languages. The suppletion
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also existes in all Middle- and Old Iranian languages. However, in New Persian
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and its dialects and also in Balochi and Tat languages an oblique stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">man</hi>- completely replaced the direct one as a
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result of generalization of logical subjective use of an oblique case in passive
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constructions like the following: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e230" xml:id="mentioned_d954e469" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>mana kartam</w>
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<gloss><q>(it) is done by me</q></gloss></mentioned> (= "I did (it)").
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However, Ossetic did lose the suppletive form of 1Pl personal pronoun; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_max"/>. Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æz</hi> has numerous correspondences in Iranian and Indo-European
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languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e240" xml:id="mentioned_d954e479" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>äz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e246" xml:id="mentioned_d954e485" xml:lang="ku"><w>äzä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e249" xml:id="mentioned_d954e488" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
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<w>äz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e254" xml:id="mentioned_d954e493" xml:lang="ntz"><lang/>
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<w>äzā</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. I, p. 112</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e264" xml:id="mentioned_d954e503" xml:lang="x-barakai"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e273" xml:id="mentioned_d954e512" xml:lang="tly"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e278" xml:id="mentioned_d954e517" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e283" xml:id="mentioned_d954e522" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e288" xml:id="mentioned_d954e527" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>azi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e293" xml:id="mentioned_d954e532" xml:lang="isk"><w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e296" xml:id="mentioned_d954e535" xml:lang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e302" xml:id="mentioned_d954e541" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>waz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e307" xml:id="mentioned_d954e546" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>wuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e312" xml:id="mentioned_d954e551" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>zoh</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e317" xml:id="mentioned_d954e556" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>zå</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e322" xml:id="mentioned_d954e561" xml:lang="bsk"><lang/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(borrowed) </note><w>ž́a</w></mentioned>
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(<bibl><author>I. I. Zarubin</author><biblScope>Veršikskoe narečie
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314</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e334" xml:id="mentioned_d954e573" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>zə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e339" xml:id="mentioned_d954e578" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e344" xml:id="mentioned_d954e583" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>́́až́</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e349" xml:id="mentioned_d954e588" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*azu('zw)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e354" xml:id="mentioned_d954e593" xml:lang="sog"><w>*ž́u(zw)</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e357" xml:id="mentioned_d954e596" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>aysu(=azu)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e363" xml:id="mentioned_d954e602" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
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<w>az</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e368" xml:id="mentioned_d954e607" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>aδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e373" xml:id="mentioned_d954e612" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>azəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e378" xml:id="mentioned_d954e617" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e383" xml:id="mentioned_d954e622" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>aham</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e388" xml:id="mentioned_d954e627" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>es</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e394" xml:id="mentioned_d954e633" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>azъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e400" xml:id="mentioned_d954e638" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>áš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e405" xml:id="mentioned_d954e643" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>es</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e410" xml:id="mentioned_d954e648" xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
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<w>es</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e415" xml:id="mentioned_d954e653" xml:lang="prg"><w>as</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e418" xml:id="mentioned_d954e656" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>ik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e424" xml:id="mentioned_d954e662" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>ich</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e429" xml:id="mentioned_d954e667" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>έγώ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d954e434" xml:id="mentioned_d954e672" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>ego</w></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_max"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
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48</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>.—
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |