abaev-xml/entries/abaev_7lxyncʼ.xml
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆlxyncʼ</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_7lxyncʼ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d579e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆlxyncʼ</orth></form>
<form xml:id="form_d579e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ælxij</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d579e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>узел</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>knot</q>
</abv:tr></sense>
<re xml:id="re_d579e82">
<form xml:id="form_d579e84" type="lemma"><orth>k˳yrm <oRef>ælxyncʼ</oRef></orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d579e89"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мертвый <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слепой</q>)</note> узел</q>
</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a kind of strong knot</q>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (lit. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">blind knot</q>)</note>
</tr></sense>
</re>
<re xml:id="re_d579e114">
<form xml:id="form_d579e116" type="lemma"><orth><oRef>ælxyncʼ</oRef>ærfyg</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d579e121"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с нахмуренными бровями</q>
</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with frowned brows</q>
</tr></sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d579e135">
<example xml:id="example_d579e137">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sarǧy bæxæn jæ kʼæʒīl <oRef>ælxyncʼ</oRef>
kænync</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у верховой лошади хвост завязывают узлом</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they tie a riding horses tail in a knot</q>
</tr>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d579e157">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ælxyncʼ</oRef> syxældta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">развязал узел</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">untied a knot</q>
</tr>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d579e176" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zajgæ gængæj i osæbæl bæmpægi xalæ
<oRef>ralxitæ</oRef> kænuncæ; ci bon zaja, eci bon eci <oRef>ælxitæ</oRef>
rajxaluncæ: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">a kud ræxgi rajxældæj, otæ ræxgi
razajæ</q> zæǧgæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в период родов над женщиной завязывают узлами
бумажную нить; в день родов эти узлы развязывают, говоря: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">как скоро развязались эти (узлы), так скоро ты
роди</q></q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">during child-bearing a paper thread is tied
into knots over a womans head; in the day of giving birth these knots are untied
with the wrods: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">as quickly these (knots) were
untied, so quickly give birth</q></q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
<biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d579e213" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ficcag cans <oRef>nilxij æj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прежняя петля окончательно стянулась узлом</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the former loop finally tied into a knot</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
<biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d579e240" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kalm… <oRef>ælxincʼæg</oRef> ærxustæj
tumbul</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">змея, свернувшись узлом, лежала, как ком</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the snake, coiled up into a knot, lied down
like a lump</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1936 II 34</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d579e269" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220525T125534+0300" comment="NB: почему æra-?"?>æra<?oxy_comment_end ?>-cæj-cæwuj
je wazgutæmæ Sajnægi zærond <oRef>ælxij</oRef> ærfgutæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выходит к своим гостям старик Сайнаг с хмурыми
бровями</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old Saynæg with frowned brows goes out to
his guests</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
<biblScope>60<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">233234</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e607" xml:id="mentioned_d579e306" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w>granθi-</w>
<gloss><q>узел</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e617" xml:id="mentioned_d579e316" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">grenthi-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Различные варианты этой
основы отражены в других иранских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e624" xml:id="mentioned_d579e323" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>girih</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e629" xml:id="mentioned_d579e328" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>grih</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e634" xml:id="mentioned_d579e333" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
<w>granč</w>, <w>garanč</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e641" xml:id="mentioned_d579e340" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
<w>ɣurex̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e647" xml:id="mentioned_d579e346" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
<w>ɣrawθ-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e652" xml:id="mentioned_d579e351" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>grratha</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e657" xml:id="mentioned_d579e356" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w type="rec">ɣranš</w> (<w>ɣrʼ</w>) <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
<biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e673" xml:id="mentioned_d579e372" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>granthi-</w>
<gloss><q>узел</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e681" xml:id="mentioned_d579e380" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>granth-</w>,
<w>grathnati</w>
<gloss><q>завязывать узлом</q></gloss></mentioned>. С другим формантом (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e689" xml:id="mentioned_d579e388" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">grendi-</w></mentioned>) сюда же <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d579e395"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e697" xml:id="mentioned_d579e396" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>grandis</w>
<gloss><q>запястье</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кольцо</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>обод</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e713" xml:id="mentioned_d579e410" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Kranz</w>
<gloss><q>венок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кружок</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>обод</q></gloss></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>386</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Об <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e737" xml:id="mentioned_d579e434" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>pʼatʼgarhem</w></mentioned> в связи с некоторыми иранскими формами см.:
<bibl><author>Периханян</author>, <title type="j">Ист.-филол. журнал Арм. Акад.
наук</title>, <pubPlace>Ереван</pubPlace>, <date>1965</date>, <biblScope>No 4, стр.
124</biblScope></bibl>.</note> — Из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e755" xml:id="mentioned_d579e452" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w>granθi-</w></mentioned> можно было ожидать ос. <w type="rec">rǧænc</w> (ср.
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e763" xml:id="mentioned_d579e460" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">grab</w></mentioned><ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rǧævyn"><w>rǧæv-</w></ref> и др.). Имеющиеся звуковые <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">аномалии</q> требуют объяснения. Группа <c>lx</c> с
глухим <c>x</c> вместо <c>ǧ</c> должна восходить к <c>xr</c><c>kr</c>, а не <c>gr</c>
(ср., например, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxyskʼ"/> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e789" xml:id="mentioned_d579e486" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kliš-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rxæw"/> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e795" xml:id="mentioned_d579e492" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kravis-</w></mentioned>). Мы имеем дело со своего рода <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">германизмом</q> в осетинском, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e713" xml:id="mentioned_d579e500" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Kranz</w></mentioned> (о подобных единичных вторжениях норм одного языка в другой см.
нашу статью: <bibl><title>О перекрестных изоглоссах</title>. <title type="j">Этимология
1966</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>, <biblScope>стр. 247—
262</biblScope></bibl>). Развитие <c>a</c><c>i</c>, <c>y</c> перед <c>n</c>
поддерживается такими примерами, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tynʒyn_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">tynʒyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">itinʒun</w></ref> из
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e835" xml:id="mentioned_d579e532" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θanǰ-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynddæs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fynddæs</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">finddæs</w></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e845" xml:id="mentioned_d579e542" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pančadasa</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ingæn"/> из <w type="rec">hankana-</w>. Переход <c>r</c><c>l</c> вперед <c>i</c> закономерен; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lvynyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">lvyn-</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">lvin-</w></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e867" xml:id="mentioned_d579e564" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">brīn</w></mentioned> и т. п. Смычно-гортанный <c>cʼ</c> в иронском появился,
вероятно, как экспрессивный, так как стягивание узла связано с физическим усилием
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>522</biblScope></bibl>). — Из осетинского идет <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e879" xml:id="mentioned_d579e576" xml:lang="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
<w>alxincʼaj</w>
<gloss><q>особый вид петли в женском платье</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/>
<biblScope>146, 149</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
<biblScope>45</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Sūtra">Sūtra</ref>
<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e306" xml:id="mentioned_d579e607" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w>granθi-</w>
<gloss><q>knot</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e316" xml:id="mentioned_d579e617" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">grenthi-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Various variants of this
stem are reflected in other Iranian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e323" xml:id="mentioned_d579e624" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>girih</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e328" xml:id="mentioned_d579e629" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>grih</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e333" xml:id="mentioned_d579e634" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
<w>granč</w>, <w>garanč</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e340" xml:id="mentioned_d579e641" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
<w>ɣurex̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e346" xml:id="mentioned_d579e647" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
<w>ɣrawθ-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e351" xml:id="mentioned_d579e652" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>grratha</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e356" xml:id="mentioned_d579e657" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w type="rec">ɣranš</w> (<w>ɣrʼ</w>) <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
<biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e372" xml:id="mentioned_d579e673" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>granthi-</w>
<gloss><q>knot</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e380" xml:id="mentioned_d579e681" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>granth-</w>,
<w>grathnati</w>
<gloss><q>tie into a knot</q></gloss></mentioned>. With a different formative
(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e388" xml:id="mentioned_d579e689" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">grendi-</w></mentioned>) the same root is found in <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d579e696"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e396" xml:id="mentioned_d579e697" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>grandis</w>
<gloss><q>wrist</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ring</q></gloss>,
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220525T134431+0300" comment="uncertain"?><gloss><q>rim</q></gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>,
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e410" xml:id="mentioned_d579e713" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Kranz</w>
<gloss><q>wreath</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>circle</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>rim</q></gloss></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>386</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">On
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e434" xml:id="mentioned_d579e737" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>pʼatʼgarhem</w></mentioned> in connection with certain Iranian forms see:
<bibl><author>Perikhanian</author>, <title type="j">Historical-Philological Journal
of the Armenian Academy of Sciences</title>, <pubPlace>Erevan</pubPlace>,
<date>1965</date>, <biblScope>No 4, p. 124</biblScope></bibl>.</note> — From
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e452" xml:id="mentioned_d579e755" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w>granθi-</w></mentioned> we could expect Ossetic <w type="rec">rǧænc</w> (cf.
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e460" xml:id="mentioned_d579e763" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">grab</w></mentioned><ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rǧævyn"><w>rǧæv-</w></ref> etc.). The observed phonetic <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">anomalies</q> require an explanation. The cluster
<c>lx</c> with voiceless <c>x</c> instead of <c>ǧ</c> should go back to <c>xr</c>
<c>kr</c>, and not <c>gr</c> (cf., e.g., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxyskʼ"/> from
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e486" xml:id="mentioned_d579e789" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kliš-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rxæw"/> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e492" xml:id="mentioned_d579e795" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kravis-</w></mentioned>). We are dealing with a kind of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Germanic</q> feature in Ossetic, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e410" xml:id="mentioned_d579e803" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Kranz</w></mentioned> (on such isolated intrusions of the norms of one languages into
another see our article: <bibl><title>O perekrëstnyx izoglossax</title> [On intersecting
isoglosses]. <title type="j">Ètimologija 1966</title>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
<date>1968</date>, <biblScope>pp. 247— 262</biblScope></bibl>). The development
<c>a</c><c>i</c>, <c>y</c> before <c>n</c> is supported by such examples as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tynʒyn_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">tynʒyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">itinʒun</w></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e532" xml:id="mentioned_d579e835" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θanǰ-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynddæs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fynddæs</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">finddæs</w></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e542" xml:id="mentioned_d579e845" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pančadasa</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ingæn"/> from
<w type="rec">hankana-</w>. The sound change <c>r</c><c>l</c> before <c>i</c> is
regular; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lvynyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">lvyn-</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">lvin-</w></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e564" xml:id="mentioned_d579e867" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">brīn</w></mentioned> etc. The ejective <c>cʼ</c> in Iron probably appeared for
expressive reasons, since tieing a knot is connected to physical effort (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>522</biblScope></bibl>). — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d579e576" xml:id="mentioned_d579e879" xml:lang="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
<w>alxincʼaj</w>
<gloss><q>a special loop in womans dress</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/>
<biblScope>146, 149</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> comes from
Ossetic.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
<biblScope>45</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Sūtra">Sūtra</ref>
<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>