316 lines
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28 KiB
XML
316 lines
No EOL
28 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Asy</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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||
</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
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||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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||
<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_Asy" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T180327+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5854e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>Asy</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5854e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>Asi</orth>
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<form xml:id="form_d5854e71" type="variant"><orth>Assi</orth></form></form>
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||
<sense xml:id="sense_d5854e74">
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||
<sense xml:id="sense_d5854e75">
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||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Балкария</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Balkaria</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5854e84">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>балкарцы</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Balkars</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<re xml:lang="os-x-iron">
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<form type="lemma"><lang/>
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<orth>asiag</orth></form>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T113147+0300" comment="moved example to re"?>
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||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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||
<abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<quote><oRef>asiag</oRef> ældar Ajdæboly fyrt Sawloxæn Aslænbeg jæ
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ræǧaw atardta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Асланбег угнал табун балкарского князя Шавлоха Айдаболова</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Aslænbeg stole a herd of the Balkar prince Shawlokh son of
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Aydæbol</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из песни об Асланбеге сыне
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Бата</biblScope>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">from a song about Aslænbeg, son of
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T175731+0300" comment="check phon"?>Bat<?oxy_comment_end ?></biblScope></bibl>
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||
</abv:example>
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</exampleGrp><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<orth>æsson</orth></form>
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</re>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T112954+0300" comment="!! предусмотреть общее значение у нескольких re"?>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>балкарец</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a Balkar</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>балкарский</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Balkar (adj.)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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</re>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Одно из самоназваний осетинского племени в
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прошлом, перенесенное впоследствии на новых насельников той же территории.
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Известно, что территория позднейшей Балкарии была занята в прошлом (до XIII—XIV
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вв.) осетиноязычным населением. Принадлежавшее этому населению наименование
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<w>as</w> удержалось и после того, как язык был тюркизован (<bibl>Вс.
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<author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 7, 106</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
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<biblScope>I 89</biblScope></bibl>). Что <oRef>as</oRef> не связано с
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позднейшим тюркоязычным населением Балкарии, подтверждается и тем, что в
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этнической номенклатуре самих балкарцев этот термин отсутствует.<note type="footnote">Характерно также в этом плане, что старый иранский
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десятичный счет, сохранившийся кое-где среди пастухов Дигории и Балкарии,
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дигорцами зовется <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>æsson nimæʒæ</phr>,
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т. е. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">асским счетом</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>282</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note>
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Под названием <w>as</w> известен был в средние века тот же северокавказский
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народ, который обычно зовется аланами и с которым преемственно связаны
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современные осетины (<bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 39—66</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote"><quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Абхазы называют весь Северный Кавказ
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<mentioned xml:lang="ab"><w>A<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T114244+0300" comment="check in printed version"?>ś<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned></q>
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(<bibl><author>Лопатинский</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
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<biblScope>XII 4</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.</note>
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<mentioned xml:lang="ar"><gloss>Этнический термин</gloss>
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<note type="bibl"><bibl>у <author>Ибн-Руста</author></bibl></note>
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<w>Ruxs-As</w>
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<note type="comment">(удачно исправлено из <w>Duxs-As</w>
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<name>Минорским</name>: <bibl><title>Hudud al-Alam</title>,
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<biblScope>стр. 445, прим. 5</biblScope></bibl>)</note> означает
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Светлые
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Асы</q></gloss></mentioned> и представляет хорошую параллель к <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ῥοξολανοί</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Светлые Аланы</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(cp. <bibl><author>Vernadsky</author>,
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<title>Südost-Forschungen</title>
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<biblScope>1956 XV 170</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
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Название <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>As-tarxan</w>
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(<gloss>Астрахань</gloss>)</mentioned> также заключает, по-видимому,
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название <w>as</w> и <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>tarxan</w>
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<gloss>титул</gloss></mentioned>; речь шла, возможно, о ставке асского
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военачальника (<bibl><author>Vernadsky</author>, <title>For R. Jakobson</title>,
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<date>1956</date>, <biblScope>стр. 591</biblScope></bibl>). Под
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названием <w>as</w> аланы выступают особенно часто после монгольского нашествия
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как в восточных (<mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>ʼās</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zh"><lang/>
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<w>asu</w></mentioned>), так и в некоторых западных источниках (Плано
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<name>Карпини</name>, <name>Рубруквис</name>, Иосафат <name>Барбаро</name>).
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<quote><bibl>Плано <author>Карпини</author> (<date>1245
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г.</date>)</bibl> говорит об аланах-асах как об одном народе (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Alani sive Assi</q>)</quote>.
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<quote><bibl>Иосафат <author>Барбаро</author> (<date>XV
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в.</date>)</bibl> пишет: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Алания
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заимствовала свое имя от народа аланского, называвшего себя на своем
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языке Ас</q></quote> (<bibl><author>Семенов</author>. <title>Библ.
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иностр. писателей о России</title>, <biblScope>отд. I, т. I, стр.
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6</biblScope></bibl>). Неотделимо от этого термина также название народа
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ясов в русских летописях (<bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 7, 65—71</biblScope></bibl>). В армянской географии,
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приписываемой Моисею <name>Хоренскому</name> (около VII в. н. э.), при
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перечислении народов <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Сарматии</q> упоминаются
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рядом народы <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Дигор</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Аштигор</w></mentioned>; последнее название составлено,
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очевидно, из <w>as</w> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygūr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>digor</w></ref>. <bibl>H. <author>Sköld</author>
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(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."><title>Oss.</title></ref>)
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<biblScope>73 сл.</biblScope></bibl> высказывает предположение, что асы
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и аланы составляли две ветви одного народа, асы — западную, а аланы —
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восточную</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. One of the endonyms of the Ossetians in the
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past, which was afterwards transferred to the new inhabitants of the same
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territory. It is known that the territory of Balkaria was previously (before the
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13th–14th cc.) occupied by an Ossetic-speaking population. The name <w>as</w>
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belonging to this population survived even after the language had been Turkified
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(<bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 7, 106</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
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<biblScope>I 89</biblScope></bibl>). That <oRef>as</oRef> is not related to
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the later population of Balkaria is also confirmed by the lack of this term in
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the ethnic nomenclature of the Balkars themselves.<note type="footnote">It is
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also significant in this respect that the old Iranian decimal count system,
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preserved in certain places among the shepherds of Digoria and Balkaris, is
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called by the Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>æsson
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nimæʒæ</phr>, i.e. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">As
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count</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>282</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note>
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The name <w>as</w> in the Middle Ages referred to the same people of the
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Northern Caucasus that is usually called the Alans and which is successively
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related to the modern Ossetians (<bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 39—66</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote"><quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The Abkhazians call the whole
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Northern Caucasus<mentioned xml:lang="ab"><w>A<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T114244+0300" comment="check in printed version"?>ś<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned></q>
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(<bibl><author>Lopatinskij</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
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<biblScope>XII 4</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.</note> The <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><gloss>ethnic term</gloss>
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<note type="bibl"><bibl>used by <author>Ibn Rustah</author></bibl></note>
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<w>Ruxs-As</w>
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<note type="comment">(appropriately corrected from <w>Duxs-As</w> by
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<name>Minorsky</name>: <bibl><title>Hudud al-Alam</title>,
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<biblScope>p. 445, fn. 5</biblScope></bibl>)</note> means
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the Bright
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As</q></gloss></mentioned> and represents a good parallel to <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ῥοξολανοί</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the Bright Alans</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(cf. <bibl><author>Vernadsky</author>,
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<title>Südost-Forschungen</title>
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<biblScope>1956 XV 170</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The
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name <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>As-tarxan</w>
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(<gloss>Astrakhan</gloss>)</mentioned> also apparently includes the name
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<w>as</w> и <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>tarxan</w>
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<gloss>a title</gloss></mentioned>; it possibly referred to the headquarters
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of the As military leader (<bibl><author>Vernadsky</author>, <title>For R.
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Jakobson</title>, <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>p.
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591</biblScope></bibl>). The use of <w>as</w> to refer to Alans becomes
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particularly frequent after the Mongol invasion both in the Eastern (<mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>ʼās</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zh"><lang/>
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<w>asu</w></mentioned>), and in some Western sources
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(<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T173512+0300" comment="Abaev treats Plano as the name and Carpini as the surname, but this is incorrect: in fact he is "John of Plano Carpini""?><name>Plano
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Carpini</name><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <name>Rubruquis</name>, Giosafat
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<name>Barbaro</name>). <quote><bibl><author>Plano Carpini</author>
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(<date>1245</date>)</bibl> speaks of the As-Alans as a single nation
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(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Alani sive Assi</q>)</quote>.
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<quote><bibl>Giosafat <author>Barbaro</author> (<date>15th
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c.</date>)</bibl> writes: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The cuntrey
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of Alania is so called of the people Alani, which in their tonge they
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call As</q></quote> (<bibl>Josafa <author>Barbaro</author>, Ambrogio
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<author>Cotarini</author>. <title>Travels to Tana and Persia</title>,
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translated from the Italian by William Thomas, clerk of the Council to
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Edward VI, <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Printed for the Hakluyt
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Society</publisher>, <date>1873</date>, <biblScope>p.
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5</biblScope></bibl>). The name of the people called Yas (<w>Jas</w>) in the
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Russian manuscripts is also inseparable from this term (<bibl>Ws.
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<author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 7, 65—71</biblScope></bibl>). In the Armenian Geography
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ascribed to Moses of <name>Chorene</name> (ca. 7th c. AD), when listing the
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peoples of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Sarmatia</q> there is a mention
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together of the peoples <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Digor</w></mentioned> and
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<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Aštigor</w></mentioned>; the latter name is
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obviously composed from <w>as</w> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygūr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>digor</w></ref>. <bibl>H. <author>Sköld</author>
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(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."><title>Oss.</title></ref>)
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<biblScope>73 f.</biblScope></bibl> puts forward the supposition that
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the As and the Alans comprised two branches of a single people; the As, the
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western, the Alans, the eastern</note>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5854e94">
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||
<abv:example xml:id="example_d5854e96">
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<quote><oRef>Asyjy</oRef> xoxmæ bakūvæm,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T113019+0300" comment="NB: не изафет ли это?"?>wænyǵy
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ʒæbæx<?oxy_comment_end ?> ūrdygæj k˳y cæwy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>помолимся горам Аси, оттуда идет лучшая (порода) тельцов</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>let us pray to the mountains of Asi, from there comes the best (breed
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||
of) calves</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из старинной песни</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from an old song</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</abv:example>
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||
<abv:example xml:id="example_d5854e138" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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||
<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Donifars… <oRef>Assimæ</oRef> dær qærtuncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>донифарсцы и до Балкарии доходят</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>(the people of) Donifars reach even up to Balkaria</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 126</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Происхождение самого термина <oRef>as</oRef> не ясно. Древность
|
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его подтверждается свидетельством <bibl><author>Птолемея</author> (<biblScope>V
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9, 16</biblScope></bibl>: <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἀσαῖοι</w>
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<gloss><q>сарматское племя</q></gloss></mentioned>) и
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<bibl><author>Страбона</author> (<biblScope>V 9, 16</biblScope></bibl>:
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἄσιοι</w></mentioned> рядом с <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Τόχαροι</w></mentioned>!). Сопоставляется с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e230" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e168" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>āsu</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned>. Нет оснований возводить
|
||
<oRef>Asi</oRef> к <w>Arsi</w>, вопреки <bibl><author>Bailey</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">XIII 135 сл.</biblScope></bibl>, ср.:
|
||
<bibl><author>Altheim</author>. <title>Geschichte der lateinischen
|
||
Sprache</title>. <date>1951</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
|
||
1</biblScope></bibl>). Нельзя также связывать <w>as</w> с
|
||
<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e249" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e187" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
|
||
<w>waφs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e254" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e192" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>os-</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>осетин</q></gloss></mentioned>, так как последнее восходит к
|
||
<w>ovs-</w> (вопреки <bibl><author>Marquart</author>’y и Г.
|
||
<author>Вернадскому</author>: <title>Sur l’origine des Alains</title>.
|
||
<bibl type="j"><title>Byzantion</title></bibl>
|
||
<biblScope>XVI 83</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Вс.
|
||
<author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>III 7, 38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S."/>
|
||
<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>157</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1 сл.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">The origin of the term <w>as</w> is not clear. Its ancient
|
||
character is confirmed by the testimony of <bibl><author>Ptolemy</author>
|
||
(<biblScope>V 9, 16</biblScope></bibl>: <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἀσαῖοι</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>a Sarmatian tribe</q></gloss></mentioned>) and
|
||
<bibl><author>Strabo</author> (<biblScope>V 9, 16</biblScope></bibl>:
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἄσιοι</w></mentioned> alongside <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Τόχαροι</w></mentioned>!). Sometimes compared to
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e168" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e230" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>āsu</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>quick</q></gloss></mentioned>. There is no reason to trace
|
||
<oRef>Asi</oRef> back to <w>Arsi</w>, contra <bibl><author>Bailey</author>
|
||
(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">XIII 135 сл.</biblScope></bibl>, cf.:
|
||
<bibl><author>Altheim</author>. <title>Geschichte der lateinischen
|
||
Sprache</title>. <date>1951</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">p.
|
||
1</biblScope></bibl>). Neither can <hi rendition="#rend_italic">as</hi>be connected to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e187" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e249" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
|
||
<w>waφs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e192" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e254" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>os-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>Ossetian</q></gloss></mentioned>, since the latter goes back to
|
||
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ovs-</hi> (contra
|
||
<bibl><author>Marquart</author> and G. <author>Vernadsky</author>:
|
||
<title>Sur l’origine des Alains</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Byzantion</title></bibl>
|
||
<biblScope>XVI 83</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Ws.
|
||
<author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>III 7, 38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S."/>
|
||
<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>157</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="en">1 ff.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |