177 lines
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16 KiB
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177 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">calx</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_calx" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3277e66" type="lemma"><orth>calx</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3277e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>колесо</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>wheel</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3277e79">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3277e81">
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<quote>calxy ḱʼīl</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">обод колеса</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">wheel rim</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3277e98">
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<quote>calxy dændag</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">спица</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">radius</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> („зуб колеса“)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (wheel tooth)</note>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3277e121">
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<quote>calxy mæskʼ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">ступица</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">hob</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3277e138">
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<quote>k˳yrojy calx</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">мельничная турбина</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">mill's wheel</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3277e155">
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<quote>Ojnoni calx Soslani marunmæ ærcudæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>колесо Ойнона пришло убить Сослана</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Ojnon's wheel came to kill Soslan</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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19</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3277e175">
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<quote>mæj jæ calxy ʒag ū</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>луна находится в фазе полнолуния („в полное колесо“)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the moon is in the full moon phase ("full wheel")</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Общее индоевропейское слово. Исходная древнеиранская форма —
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e365" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e193" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>*čaxra-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e370" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e198" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e375" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e203" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>čark</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e380" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e208" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>carx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e385" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e213" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*čaxr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e391" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e219" xml:lang="sog"><w>*čarx-(čɣrh,
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črɣ-)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e394" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e222" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>čaxra-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e399" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e227" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>čakra-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e404" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e232" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>κύκλος</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e409" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e237" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>hweohl</w></mentioned>, без удвоения начального согласного — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e414" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e242" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w n="0">коло</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e420" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e249" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>колесо</w></mentioned>. Широко распространилось (под влиянием
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персидского, а возможно и скифо-аланского) в кавказских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e425" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e254" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>čʼaxr</w>
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<gloss><q>вращение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3277e262" xml:lang="xcl"><w>čaxarak</w>
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<gloss><q>прялка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e439" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e268" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>čarxi</w>
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<gloss><q>станок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e447" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e276" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>čʼarxa</w>
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<gloss><q>колесо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e455" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e284" xml:lang="lzz"><w/>
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<gloss><q>часть ткацкого станка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e462" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e291" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w>
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<gloss><q>точило</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e470" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e299" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w>
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<gloss><q>колесо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e478" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e307" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w>
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<gloss><q>колесо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e486" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e315" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>šarx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e491" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e320" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w>
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<gloss><q>колесо</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Сюда же <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e499" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e328" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>čark</w>
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<gloss><q>колесо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e508" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e337" xml:lang="tr"><w/>
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<gloss><q>сфера</q></gloss></mentioned>. Для объяснения <hi rendition="#rend_italic">I</hi> в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">calx</hi>
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приходится исходить из производной формы *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čaxrya</hi>- (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">г</hi> перед <hi rendition="#rend_italic">y</hi> →
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi>). Ср. другие слова из круга ‘колесо—колесница’: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdon"/> ‘арба’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætænaǧd"/>
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‘оглобля’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ar"/> ‘оглобля’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 78, III
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159</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>I
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54</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A common Indo-European word. The initial Old Iranian form is
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e193" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e365" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>*čaxra-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e198" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e370" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e203" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e375" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>čark</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e208" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e380" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>carx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e213" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e385" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*čaxr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e219" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e391" xml:lang="sog"><w>*čarx-(čɣrh,
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črɣ-)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e222" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e394" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>čaxra-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e227" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e399" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>čakra-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e232" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e404" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>κύκλος</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e237" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e409" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>hweohl</w></mentioned>, without doubling of the initial consonant —
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e242" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e414" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>kolo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e249" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e420" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>koleso</w></mentioned>. The word is widespread in Caucasian languages
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(under the influence of Persian and probably Scythian-Alan): <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e254" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e425" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>čʼaxr</w>
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<gloss><q>rotation</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3277e433" xml:lang="xcl"><w>čaxarakʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>spinning-wheel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e268" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e439" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>čarxi</w>
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<gloss><q>lathe</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e276" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e447" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>čʼarxa</w>
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<gloss><q>wheel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e284" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e455" xml:lang="lzz"><w/>
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<gloss><q>part of a weaver loom</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e291" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e462" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w>
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<gloss><q>grindstone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e299" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e470" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w>
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<gloss><q>wheel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e307" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e478" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w>
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<gloss><q>wheel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e315" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e486" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>šarx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e320" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e491" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
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<w>čarx</w>
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<gloss><q>wheel</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. Also here <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e328" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e499" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>čark</w>
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<gloss><q>wheel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3277e337" xml:id="mentioned_d3277e508" xml:lang="tr"><w/>
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<gloss><q>sphere</q></gloss></mentioned>. To explain <hi rendition="#rend_italic">I</hi> in <hi rendition="#rend_italic">calx</hi> we
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have to assume a derivated from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čaxrya</hi>- (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">г</hi> before <hi rendition="#rend_italic">y</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi>). Cf.
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other words in the field ‘wheel—chariot’: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdon"/> ‘bullock-cart’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætænaǧd"/> ‘shaft’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ar"/> ‘shaft’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 78, III
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159</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>I 54</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |