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18 KiB
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174 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fændyr</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_fændyr" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4724e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fændyr</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4724e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fændur</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4724e72"><def xml:lang="ru">название различных музыкальных инструментов</def><def xml:lang="en">name of various musical instruments</def></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4724e78">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4724e80">
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<quote>fændyr yskʼaxta bærz byzyḱʼījæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он выдолбил фандыр из наплыва березы</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he carved a fandyr out of a birch excrescence</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4724e99">
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<quote>arvmæ k˳y q˳ysid mæ fændyry qazt…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>если бы игра моего фандыра достигала неба…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>if only my fandyr's play reached the sky …</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4724e118" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Acæmæzaw din æz ku festinæ dessag fændurgin</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>о, если бы я стала подобно (Нарту) Ацамазу обладательницей чудесного
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фандура</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oh, if I became like Atsamaz (the Nart) the owner of a wonderful
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fandyr</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4724e140" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ku ʽrbadtæj læqwæn kʼelabæl, wæd imæ æ xwæræ fændur ravardta: „amæj
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racæǧdæ” zæǧgæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>когда юноша сел на скамью, сестра подала ему фандур, говоря: «поиграй
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на нем»</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>when the young man sat down on the bench, his sister handed him a
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fandyr, saying: "play on it"</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>17%l4–5%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4724e162">
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<quote>fændyr-wadynʒ… agūræg xætyn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я скитаюсь в поисках фандыр-свирели</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I wander in search of a fandyr-pipe</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>IV
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92</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Культурное слово, представляющее значительный исторический
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интерес. Свидетельствуется у греческих авторов со II в. н. э.: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e323" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e184" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>πανδούρα</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (Athenaeus)</note>
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<gloss><q>трехструнный музыкальный инструмент, тип
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лютни</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e333" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e194" xml:lang="grc"><w>πάνδουρος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">
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(Athenaeus)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e338" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e199" xml:lang="grc"><w>φάνδουρος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (Nicomachus
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Gerasenus. Harmonicum Enchiridium 4)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e343" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e204" xml:lang="grc"><w>πανδούριον
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πανδούρίς</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (Hesychius)</note></mentioned> . Считают,
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что слово идет из Малой Азии, из лидийского языка (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">de Lagarde. Gesammelte Abhandlungen. 1866, стр.
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274</biblScope></bibl>). Через греческий прошло в
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некоторые европейские языки: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e354" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e214" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>pandura</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e359" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e219" xml:lang="it"><lang/>
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<w>pandora, mandora</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e364" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e224" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>mandore</w></mentioned> (откуда в дальнейшем <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e369" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e229" xml:lang="it"><lang/>
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<w>mandolina</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e374" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e234" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>mandoline</w></mentioned>). На север от Малой Азии область
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распространения слова охватывает Кавказ и южную Россию. Помимо ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fændyr</hi>,
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ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e379" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e239" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>pandir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e385" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e245" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>panduri</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e390" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e250" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>pandvir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e395" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e255" xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
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<w>pandur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e400" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e260" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>pondur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e405" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e265" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>pondær</w></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e410" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e270" xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
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<w>бандура</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e416" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e276" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>bandura</w></mentioned>. Для датировки бытования слова в осетинском
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существенное значение имеет начальный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi>. Закон перехода <hi rendition="#rend_italic">p</hi>→<hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> перестал
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действовать в осетинском весьма давно; такие старые слова, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_padcax"/> ‘царь’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pyl"/>
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‘слон’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pajda"/> ‘польза’ и др., вошедшие в
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осетинский через посредство кавказских языков, сохраняют <hi rendition="#rend_italic">p</hi>. Поэтому мало
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вероятно, что <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fændyr</hi> усвоено из кавказских языков. Вероятнее относить его
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еще к до-кавказскому, т. е. скифо-сарматскому периоду истории осетин, когда был
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в полной силе закон <hi rendition="#rend_italic">p</hi>→<hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi>. Предполагаемое существование слова в скифском
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пролило бы свет и на укр. и пол. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">бандуру</hi>. Считать последнее слово усвоенным
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из итальянского (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miklosich"/></bibl>,
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Berneker"/></bibl>) вряд ли
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основательно: где посредствующие звенья?%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>133</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/><biblScope>395</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/><biblScope>II
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82</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Sköld.
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Lehworstudien.</hi></author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope>1923 XIX 7</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A cultural word of significant historical interest. Attested by
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Greek authors from the 2nd century A.D.: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e184" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e323" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>πανδούρα</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (Athenaeus)</note>
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<gloss><q>three-stringed musical instrument, lute
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type</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e194" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e333" xml:lang="grc"><w>πάνδουρος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
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(Athenaeus)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e199" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e338" xml:lang="grc"><w>φάνδουρος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (Nicomachus Gerasenus. Harmonicum Enchiridium
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4)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e204" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e343" xml:lang="grc"><w>πανδούριον
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πανδούρίς</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (Hesychius)</note></mentioned>. It is
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believed that the word comes from Asia Minor, from the Lydian language
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(<bibl><author>de Lagarde.</author><biblScope xml:lang="en">Gesammelte Abhandlungen. 1866, p. 274</biblScope></bibl>). Through
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Greek, it passed into several European languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e214" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e354" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>pandura</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e219" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e359" xml:lang="it"><lang/>
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<w>pandora, mandora</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e224" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e364" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>mandore</w></mentioned> (from which later there appeared <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e229" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e369" xml:lang="it"><lang/>
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<w>mandolina</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e234" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e374" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>mandoline</w></mentioned>). To the north of Asia Minor, the area of
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distribution of the word covers the Caucasus and southern Russia. Besides
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Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fændyr</hi>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e239" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e379" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>pandir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e245" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e385" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>panduri</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e250" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e390" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>pandvir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e255" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e395" xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
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<w>pandur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e260" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e400" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>pondur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e265" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e405" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>pondær</w></mentioned>. The words <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e270" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e410" xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
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<w>bandura</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4724e276" xml:id="mentioned_d4724e416" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>bandura</w></mentioned> are related to it as well. The initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> is
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essential for dating of the existence of this word in Ossetic. The law of change
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">p</hi>→<hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> stopped working in Ossetic a long time ago; old words like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_padcax"/> ‘tsar’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pyl"/> ‘elephant’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pajda"/>
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‘benefit’ etc., which entered Ossetic via Caucasian languages, start with <hi rendition="#rend_italic">p</hi>.
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That is why it is improbable that <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fændyr</hi> was acquired from Caucasian
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languages. It is more likely to attribute it to the pre-Caucasian, i.e.,
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Scythian-Sarmatian period of the history of the Ossetians, when the law
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">p</hi>→<hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> was in full force. The supposed existence of the word in Scythian
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would shed light on Ukranian and Polish <hi rendition="#rend_italic">бандура</hi>. It is hardly reasonable to
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regard the last word as learned from Italian (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miklosich"/></bibl>, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Berneker"/></bibl>): where are the intermediary
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links?%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>133</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/><biblScope>395</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/><biblScope>II 82</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Sköld. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Lehworstudien.</hi></author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope>1923 XIX 7</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |