126 lines
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11 KiB
XML
126 lines
No EOL
11 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_fæxt" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4001e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fæxt</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4001e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fæstæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4001e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ступка</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>mortar</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4001e82">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4001e84">
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<quote>fæxty cæxx nyxxoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>истолки в ступе соль</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>pestle salt in a mortar</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4001e99" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ka si tæbæǧi… ka fæsti</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кто из них (летела) на блюде, кто в ступе</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>some of them flew on a platter, some of them flew in a mortar</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4001e121" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>konǧædæ — æ soʒīnæ, fæstæ — je ʽngurstewæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>иглой ей (служит) бревно, наперстком — ступа</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a log serves her as a needle, a mortar does so as a thimble</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 108</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Очевидна связь с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e221" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e146" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>пест</w></mentioned>. Если бы речь шла о первоначальном родстве, то мы
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имели бы в осетинском не <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi>, а <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fist</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e229" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e151" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>*peis-</w>
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<gloss><q>толочь в ступе</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e237" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e159" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>piṣ-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e242" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e164" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>piš-</w>
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<gloss><q>толочь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e250" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e172" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
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<gloss><q>молоть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e257" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e179" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pist</w>
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<gloss><q>мука</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e265" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e187" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>pistillum</w>
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<gloss><q>пест</q></gloss></mentioned>). Формы <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæstæ</hi> можно
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объяснить только как старое (еще в скифскую эпоху) заимствование из славянского.
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В этом убеждает особенно чередование <hi rendition="#rend_italic">х</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi>; это чередование является
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славянским; ср. в русских диалектах <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e273" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e195" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>пехт-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">пехталь</hi>,
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">пехтило</hi>)</note></mentioned> рядом с <hi rendition="#rend_italic">пест</hi>. Для соответствия
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гласных ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi> ← слав. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">e</hi> ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymællæg"/>.
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Колебание значений ‘ступка’ || ‘пест’ — естественно и наблюдается также в других
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языках; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e282" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e204" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>pёstá</w>
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<gloss><q>ступка</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e290" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e212" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>пест</w></mentioned>. С точки зрения исторических реалий предложенное
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разъяснение также не вызывает возражений: вполне понятно, что название ступки
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скотоводы-скифы могли усвоить у земледельцев-славян.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The relation to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e146" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e221" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>pest</w>
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<gloss><q>pestle</q></gloss></mentioned> is evident. If the relationship
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between these words was initial, then in Ossetic there would have been
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fist</hi>, not <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e151" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e229" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>*peis-</w>
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<gloss><q>pestle in a mortar</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e159" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e237" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>piṣ-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e164" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e242" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>piš-</w>
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<gloss><q>crush</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e172" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e250" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
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<gloss><q>mill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e179" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e257" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pist</w>
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<gloss><q>flour</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e187" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e265" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>pistillum</w>
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<gloss><q>pestle</q></gloss></mentioned>). The forms <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæstæ</hi>
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could only be explained as an old (back in the Scythian era) borrowing from
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Slavic. The alternation of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">х</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> is especially convincing; this
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alternation is Slavic; cf. in Russian dialects <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e195" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e273" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>pext-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">пехталь</hi>,
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">пехтило</hi>)</note></mentioned> and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">пест</hi>. As for the vowel
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correspondence (Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi> ← Slavic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">e</hi>) cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymællæg"/>. The fluctuating senses ‘mortar’ || ‘pestle’ is
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natural and is also observed in other languages; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e204" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e282" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>pёstá</w>
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<gloss><q>mortar</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e212" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e290" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>pest</w>
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<gloss><q>pestle</q></gloss></mentioned>. From the point of view of
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historical realities, the proposed explanation also does not raise any
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objections: it is quite clear that the name of the mortar was learned by the
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Scythian herders from the Slavic farmers.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |