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222 lines
No EOL
17 KiB
XML
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fysym</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_fysym" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d5163e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fysym</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5163e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fusun</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5163e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хозяин в отношения гостя</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>host</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лицо, оказывающее гостеприимство, принимающее гостя</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>person which provids hospitality and welcoms guests</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e91"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>hospes</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d5163e97">
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<form xml:id="form_d5163e99" type="lemma"><orth>fysym kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5163e102"><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e103"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>останавливаться в гостях</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>stay on a visit</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e112"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>останавливаться на ночлег</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>stay overnight</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5163e123">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e125">
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<quote>wazæg cættæ æmæ fusym ægættæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>гость готов (остановиться у хозяина), но хозяин не готов (принять
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гостя)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the guest is ready (to stay at the host's place), but the host is not
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ready (to receive the guest)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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227</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e144">
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<quote>xorz wazæǵy rwaǵy fysym jæxī xorz feny</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>по поводу хорошего гостя хозяин и сам угощается</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the host himself treats himself because of a good guest</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">saying</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e165">
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<quote>fysym dyn ystæm</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мы готовы принять тебя</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>we are ready to receive you</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">обращение к гостю</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">address to a guest</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e186">
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<quote>mæ fysymtæ — radæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мои хозяева (менялись) по очереди</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>my hosts were changing one by one</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (речь идет об общественном пастухе,
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который по очереди столуется и ночует у домохозяев)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (it is about a public shepherd who takes
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turns to eat and sleep with the householders)</note>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e212" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>iwazæg dær de ʽwazæg, Wasgergi, fusun dær dæ fægæxst</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>и гость да будет твоим гостем, Уасгерги, и хозяин да будет на твоем
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попечении</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>and let the guest be your guest, Wasgergi, and let the host be in
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your care</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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139</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e235" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Qumi buduri ew fæjjawmæ næ fusun adtæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>на Кумской равнине мы гостили у одного пастуха</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>we stayed at a shepherd's place on the Kumskaya plain</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 92</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e257" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>æ fusun Woræsmægmæ ærkodta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он остановился в качестве гостя у Уоразмага</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he stayed as a guest at Worazmagh's place</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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58</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e279">
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<quote>batalyng syl fændagyl; īw lægæt yssardtoj, bacydysty ūrdæm æmæ ūm
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bafysym kodtoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в пути наступили сумерки; нашли одну пещеру, вошли туда и там
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устроили ночлег</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>twilight fell on the way; they found a cave, entered and settled
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there for the night</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 58</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e298" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>e dæ zærdi kæroni dær ma ʽrfusun kænæd</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>эта (мысль) пусть не утвердится даже на кончике твоего сердца (т. е.
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„и не помышляй об этом“)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>let this thought not be affirmed even on the tip of your heart (i.e.,
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“don’t even think about it”)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/><biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e428" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e324" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*pasumant-, fšumant-</w>
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<gloss><q>хозяин скота</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5163e332" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
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<gloss><q>скотовладелец</q></gloss></mentioned>. Слово является наследием
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кочевого скотоводческого быта, когда способность оказать гостеприимство
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связывалась с обладанием скотом, а не обладанием домом. В этих условиях
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естественно развитие значения: ‘хозяин скота’ → ‘хозяин, принимающий гостя’. Ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e436" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e338" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>fšümant-</w>
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<gloss><q>владелец скота</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e444" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e346" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>pašumat-</w>
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<gloss><q>богатый скотом</q></gloss></mentioned>. Для семантики ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e452" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e354" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>vāstar-</w>
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<gloss><q>hospes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e460" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e363" xml:lang="ae"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">буквально</note>
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<gloss><q>владеющий пастбищем</q></gloss></mentioned> (см.:
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<bibl><author>Gaal</author><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Acta orient. Acad.
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Hung. I, 1, стр. 89 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Слово воспринято во
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многие кавказские языки: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e474" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e376" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>á-pš˳ma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e479" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e381" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>pšuma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e484" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e386" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>bəsəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e489" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e391" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>bəsəm</w> <gloss><q>хозяин дома</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e497" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e400" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>fusæm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e503" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e405" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>husam</w>
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<gloss><q>пристанище</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e511" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e413" xml:lang="ce"><w/>
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<gloss><q>дом хозяина</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/> ‘овца’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>74, 88, 90, 315, 337</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e324" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e428" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*pasumant-, fšumant-</w>
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<gloss><q>livestock owner</q></gloss></mentioned>. The word is a legacy of
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nomadic pastoralism, when the ability to provide hospitality was associated with
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the possession of livestock, and not the possession of a house. Under these
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conditions, the development of meaning is natural: ‘cattle master’ → ‘master
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receiving a guest’. Compare with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e338" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e436" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>fšümant-</w>
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<gloss><q>livestock owner</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e346" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e444" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>pašumat-</w>
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<gloss><q>rich in livestock</q></gloss></mentioned>. For the semantics
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compare with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e354" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e452" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>vāstar-</w>
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<gloss><q>hospes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e363" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e460" xml:lang="ae"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">literally</note>
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<gloss><q>pasture owner</q></gloss></mentioned> (см.:
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<bibl><author>Gaal</author><biblScope xml:lang="en">Acta orient.
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Acad. Hung. I, 1, p. 89 ff.</biblScope></bibl>). The word entered many
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Caucasian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e376" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e474" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>á-pš˳ma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e381" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e479" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>pšuma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e386" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e484" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>bəsəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e391" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e489" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>bəsəm</w> <gloss><q>master of the house</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e400" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e497" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>fusæm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e405" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e503" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>husam</w>
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<gloss><q>shelter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e413" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e511" xml:lang="ce"><w/>
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<gloss><q>house of a host</q></gloss></mentioned>. Compare with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/> ‘sheep’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>74, 88, 90, 315,
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337</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |