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19 KiB
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183 lines
No EOL
19 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gæn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_gæn" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d578e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>gæn</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d578e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>gænæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d578e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>конопля</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>cannabis</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d578e82">
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<re xml:id="re_d578e84">
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<form xml:id="form_d578e86" type="lemma"><orth>gænyston</orth></form>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d578e90">
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<form xml:id="form_d578e92" type="lemma"><orth>gændon</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d578e95"><sense xml:id="sense_d578e96"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>место, заросшее коноплей</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a place covered with cannabis</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d578e105"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>запустение</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>desolation</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d578e115">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d578e117">
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<quote>k˳y fenat gænystony cʼammarʒinad…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>когда увидите мерзость запустения…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>When ye therefore shall see the abomination of desolation</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/><biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">24</hi>
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15</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d578e139">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d578e141">
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<quote>racʼonmæ gæny kʼūx</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у рачинца (жителя Рачи в Грузии) связка конопли</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a Racha man (from Rachi in Georgia) has a bunch of cannabis</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из песни</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from a song</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kan</hi>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"/>
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‘полотно’ из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kæn-tag</hi>. Ближайшие соответствия в сванском и абхазском:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e345" xml:id="mentioned_d578e168" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>kan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e350" xml:id="mentioned_d578e173" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-k˳nə</w>
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<gloss><q>конопля</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же, может быть, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e358" xml:id="mentioned_d578e181" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>ganä</w>
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<gloss><q>рубашка</q></gloss></mentioned>. Слово идентично, очевидно, с
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первой частью широко распространенного названия конопли: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e366" xml:id="mentioned_d578e189" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>κάνναβις</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e372" xml:id="mentioned_d578e195" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>cannabis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e377" xml:id="mentioned_d578e200" xml:lang="cu" extralang="ru"><lang/>
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<w n="0">конопля</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e387" xml:id="mentioned_d578e206" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
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<w>коноп</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e392" xml:id="mentioned_d578e211" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>konopě</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e397" xml:id="mentioned_d578e216" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>konop</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (ед. ч.)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e405" xml:id="mentioned_d578e223" xml:lang="pl"><w>konopie</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (мн.
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ч.)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e410" xml:id="mentioned_d578e229" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>hana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e415" xml:id="mentioned_d578e234" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Hanf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e420" xml:id="mentioned_d578e239" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kanab, kana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e425" xml:id="mentioned_d578e244" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>knb</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e430" xml:id="mentioned_d578e249" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>kynpʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e439" xml:id="mentioned_d578e254" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>kumbā, kanbā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e444" xml:id="mentioned_d578e260" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>kʼanap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e449" xml:id="mentioned_d578e265" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>kʼanapi</w></mentioned> и др. Свидетельство <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Геродота</hi>
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(<bibl><biblScope>Геродот</biblScope></bibl>) и <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Гесихия</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гесихий"/></bibl>), что конопля (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">κάνναβις</hi>)
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— скифское растение, а также другие соображения заставляют искать родину его
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названия в восточной Европе. Об этом говорит и наличие простой формы названия
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конопли в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">марийском</hi> языке: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e460" xml:id="mentioned_d578e276" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
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<w>kene, kəne</w></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Schrader</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/><biblScope>440 сл.</biblScope></bibl>) полагает,
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что греческое название <hi rendition="#rend_italic">κάνναβις</hi> есть скрещение двух восточноевропейских
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названий этого растения: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kana</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e470" xml:id="mentioned_d578e286" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
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<w>kene</w></mentioned>) и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">piš</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e475" xml:id="mentioned_d578e291" xml:lang="kv" extralang="udm"><lang/>
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<w>pəš</w></mentioned>). Ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gæn</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kæn</hi> позволяет думать, что в
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скифском также существовала простая форма <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kana</hi>. Этот же элемент налицо в
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<hi rendition="#rend_bold">тюркских</hi> названиях конопли <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e480" xml:id="mentioned_d578e296" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>ken-dir</w></mentioned> (во второй части <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e485" xml:id="mentioned_d578e301" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>tiri, diri</w>
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<gloss><q>жесткий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e493" xml:id="mentioned_d578e309" xml:lang="trk"><w/>
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<gloss><q>грубый</q></gloss></mentioned>?). Осетинское выражение %igænyston
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fæu!%i „чтоб тебе зарасти коноплей!“ (о каком-либо месте) звучит как проклятие.
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Это говорит о том, что в староосетинском речь шла о дикой конопле, которая
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рассматривалась как сорняк и была символом запустения.[[Аналогично в русском: „В
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больничном дворе стоит небольшой флигель, окруженный целым лесом репейника,
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крапивы и дикой конопли“ (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">А. П. Чехов. Палата №
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6. Собр. соч., т. 7, М., 1956, стр. 121</biblScope></bibl>).]] Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._Alan."/><biblScope>327</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">91 сл.</biblScope></bibl> —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">103 сл.</biblScope></bibl> —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>60, 170, 198, 296, 312</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kan</hi>, compare with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"/> ‘linen’ from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kæn-tag</hi>. The closest correspondences are found in Svan and
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Abkhaz: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e168" xml:id="mentioned_d578e345" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>kan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e173" xml:id="mentioned_d578e350" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-k˳nə</w>
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<gloss><q>cannabis</q></gloss></mentioned>. Maybe <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e181" xml:id="mentioned_d578e358" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>ganä</w>
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<gloss><q>shirt</q></gloss></mentioned> is related to it as well. The word
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is obviously identical to the first part of a widespread cannabis name:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e189" xml:id="mentioned_d578e366" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>κάνναβις</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e195" xml:id="mentioned_d578e372" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>cannabis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e200" xml:id="mentioned_d578e377" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>konopь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d578e382" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>konoplja</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e206" xml:id="mentioned_d578e387" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
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<w>konop</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e211" xml:id="mentioned_d578e392" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>konopě</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e216" xml:id="mentioned_d578e397" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>konop</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (singular)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e223" xml:id="mentioned_d578e405" xml:lang="pl"><w>konopie</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
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(plural)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e229" xml:id="mentioned_d578e410" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>hana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e234" xml:id="mentioned_d578e415" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Hanf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e239" xml:id="mentioned_d578e420" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kanab, kana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e244" xml:id="mentioned_d578e425" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>knb</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e249" xml:id="mentioned_d578e430" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220716T201526+0300" comment="check in Sogdian dictionary -- Abaev had "купр" (Cyrillic)"?>kynpʼ<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e254" xml:id="mentioned_d578e439" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>kumbā, kanbā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e260" xml:id="mentioned_d578e444" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>kʼanap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e265" xml:id="mentioned_d578e449" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>kʼanapi</w></mentioned> etc. The evidence of
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<bibl><author>Herodotus</author></bibl>and <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гесихий"/></bibl> that cannabis (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">κάνναβις</hi>) is a
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Scythian plant, and also some other reasons force to look for the homeland of
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its name in Eastern Europe. This is also evidenced by the presence of a simple
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form of the name of cannabis in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Mari</hi> language: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e276" xml:id="mentioned_d578e460" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
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<w>kene, kəne</w></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Schrader</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/><biblScope>440f.</biblScope></bibl>) supposes
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that a Greek name <hi rendition="#rend_italic">κάνναβις</hi> is a crossover of two Eastern European names of
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this plant: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kana</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e286" xml:id="mentioned_d578e470" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
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<w>kene</w></mentioned>) and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">piš</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e291" xml:id="mentioned_d578e475" xml:lang="kv" extralang="udm"><lang/>
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<w>pəš</w></mentioned>). Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gæn</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kæn</hi> allows to think that in
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Scythian there also was a simple form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kana</hi>. The same element is present in
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the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Turkic</hi> names of cannabis <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e296" xml:id="mentioned_d578e480" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>ken-dir</w></mentioned> (is there <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e301" xml:id="mentioned_d578e485" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>tiri, diri</w>
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<gloss><q>coarse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e309" xml:id="mentioned_d578e493" xml:lang="trk"><w/>
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<gloss><q>rough</q></gloss></mentioned> in the second part of the word?).
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The Ossetic expression <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gænyston fæu!</hi> “so that you are overgrown with
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cannabis!” (about some place) sounds like a curse. This suggests that in Old
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Ossetic it was about wild cannabis, which was considered as a weed and was a
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symbol of desolation.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note> Compare
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with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._Alan."/><biblScope>327</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">91 ff.</biblScope></bibl> —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="en">103
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ff.</biblScope></bibl> —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>60, 170, 198, 296, 312</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1"/>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">Similarly in Russian: “In the hospital
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yard there stands a small lodge surrounded by a perfect forest of burdocks,
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nettles, and wild hemp” (<bibl><author>A. P. Chekhov</author><biblScope xml:lang="ru">А. П. Чехов. Палата № 6. Собр. соч., т. 7, М., 1956, стр.
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121</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">Ward No. 6 (Translation from:
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https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ward_No._6)</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |