118 lines
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11 KiB
XML
118 lines
No EOL
11 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">jæxs</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_jæxs" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3142e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>jæxs</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d3142e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3142e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d3142e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>плеть</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>lash</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3142e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кнут</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>whip</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d3142e92">
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<form xml:id="form_d3142e94" type="lemma"><orth>jæxsy c’ykk</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3142e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>удар плетки</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a whip stroke</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3142e108">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3142e110">
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<quote>īw jæxsy fevzīdtmæ…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>одним взмахом плетки…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>with one sweep of a whip…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3142e129" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>bujnagin æxsæ æ niværzænæj isista ma mæ omæj ærsærfta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>достала из изголовья войлочную плетку и провела ею по мне</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>(she) took a felt whip from the head (of the bead) and passed it over
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me</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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39</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope>(стр. 328)</biblScope></bibl> сопоставлял с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e217" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e158" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>yaxšti-</w>
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<gloss><q>ветка</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако, по аналогии с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æfsæ</hi> ‘кобыла’, надо думать, что
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начальный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">j</hi> в иронском является вторичным наращением и что, стало быть, в
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этимологических разъяснениях надо исходить из дигорской формы <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsæ</hi>.
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Последнюю нельзя возвести к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yaxšti-.</hi> Она происходит, вероятно, от хорошо
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известного иранского и индоевропейского корня *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ag-</hi>(*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi>) ‘гнать’ с
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помощью форманта <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi>: *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">agsa-</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">axša-</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsæ</hi>. Точное значение
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было, таким образом, ‘погонялка’. Иранское <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi> относится к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axš-</hi>, как в
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осетинском <hi rendition="#rend_italic">faz</hi> к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">faxs</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">araz-</hi> к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aræxs-</hi> и др. В пользу данной
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этимологии говорит также то, что и в других иранских языках корень <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi>
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‘гнать’ используется для образования слова ‘плеть’: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e227" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e168" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>aštrā (← *az-trā-)</w>
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<gloss><q>плеть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e235" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e176" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>asp-azan</w>
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<gloss><q>лошадиная плетка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e243" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e184" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(из иран.) </note><w>gav-azan</w>
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<gloss><q>стрекало для быков</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e254" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e195" xml:lang="xcl"><w>xar-azan</w>
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<gloss><q>стрекало для осла</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/><biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>).
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Относительно начального <hi rendition="#rend_italic">j</hi> в и. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">jæxs</hi> ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/>.%n <bibl><author>Фрейман</author><biblScope>Rocznik
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Orient. 1927, стр. 161</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope>(p. 328)</biblScope></bibl> compared it to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e158" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e217" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>yaxšti-</w>
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<gloss><q>branch</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, by analogy with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æfsæ</hi> ‘mare’, the initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">j</hi> in
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Iron should be considered as a secondary augment and thus etymological
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explanations should proceed from a Digor form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsæ</hi>. The latter cannot be
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traced back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yaxšti-.</hi> Apparently it originates from a well known Iranian
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and Indo-European root *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ag-</hi>(*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi>) ‘to drive (away)’ by means of a
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formant <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi>: *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">agsa-</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">axša-</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsæ</hi>. Therefore, its exact meaning
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was ‘thing that drives away’. Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi> is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axš-</hi>, as in
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Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">faz</hi> is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">faxs</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">araz-</hi> is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aræxs-</hi> etc.
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This etymology is supported by the fact that in other Iranian languages a word
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‘whip’ is derived from a root <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi> ‘drive away’: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e168" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e227" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>aštrā (← *az-trā-)</w>
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<gloss><q>whip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e176" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e235" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>asp-azan</w>
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<gloss><q>a horse whip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e184" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e243" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(from Iranian) </note><w>gav-azan</w>
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<gloss><q>goad for bulls</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e195" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e254" xml:lang="xcl"><w>xar-azan</w>
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<gloss><q>goad for a donkey</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/><biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>). As for
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the initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">j</hi> in Iron <hi rendition="#rend_italic">jæxs</hi> cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/>.%n
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%b<bibl><author>Freiman</author><biblScope>Rocznik Orient. 1927, p.
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161</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |