185 lines
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20 KiB
XML
185 lines
No EOL
20 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kært</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_kært" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4826e66" type="lemma"><orth>kært</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4826e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>двор</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>yard</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4826e79">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4826e81">
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<quote>kærty astæw bæx læwwy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>посреди двора стоит лошадь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>there is a horse standing in the middle of the yard</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/><biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4826e100">
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<quote>styr galwany astæw, kærty, adæm rænqytæ alæwwydysty</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>внутри обширной крепостной ограды, во дворе, народ стал рядами</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>within the vast fortress fence, in the courtyard, the people stood in
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rows</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Существует несколько важных культурных терминов, которые
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являются общим достоянием осетинского, некоторых угро-финских и некоторых
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кавказских языков (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kaw"/> ‘плетень’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/> ‘сталь’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæn"/> ‘конопля’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæxx"/>
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‘соль’). К их числу относится и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kært</hi>. Происхождение некоторых из слов не
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установлено с достоверностью, но весьма вероятно, что при их распространении
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скифо-сарматская среда служила посредником между угро-финским и кавказским
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миром. Ср. на угро-финской почве: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e368" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e130" xml:lang="kca" dialect="kca"><lang/>
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<w>karta, karda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e374" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e136" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><lang/>
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<w>karda</w>
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<gloss><q>двор</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e382" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e144" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>kert</w>
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<gloss><q>огражденное место</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e390" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e152" xml:lang="hu"><w/>
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<gloss><q>сад</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e396" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e158" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>karta</w>
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<gloss><q>загон для скота</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e404" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e166" xml:lang="kv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>двор</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e410" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e172" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>kardā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e416" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e178" xml:lang="x-mordvin" dialect="myv"><lang/>
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<w>kardō</w>
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<gloss><q>хлев</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e424" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e186" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>kardas, kaldas</w>
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<gloss><q>двор</q></gloss></mentioned>; сюда же <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e432" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e194" xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
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<w>kardá</w>
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<gloss><q>ограждение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e440" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e202" xml:lang="cv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>огражденное место</q></gloss></mentioned> и в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">русских</hi>
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диалектах по Волге <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e446" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e208" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>карда</w>
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<gloss><q>место, огороженное плетнем или частоколом, для загона домашнего
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скота</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Акад._словарь"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e458" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e220" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>калда</w>
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<gloss><q>загородка для скота</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e466" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e228" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>скотный двор</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Акад._словарь"/></bibl>). — На кавказской почве: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e475" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e237" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>kert</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e480" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e242" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>kärt</w>
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<gloss><q>изгородь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e488" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e250" xml:lang="inh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>забор</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e495" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e257" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-west"><lang/>
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<w>karta, kaltʼa</w>
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<gloss><q>огороженное место для скота</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e506" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e268" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
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<w>karta</w></mentioned> id. Ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e511" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e273" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>kʼert’</w>
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<gloss><q>город</q></gloss></mentioned> в названиях городов <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Tigranocærta</hi>
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и др. (χερτα. πόλις υπό Αρμενίων, — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гесихий"/></bibl>). — <bibl><author>V. Thomsen</author><biblScope>(Веroringer mellem
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de finske og de baltiske Sprog. 1890, стр. 170 сл.)</biblScope></bibl>
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привлекает также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e527" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e289" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>gárdas</w>
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<gloss><q>открытый хлев для овец</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e535" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e297" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>garda</w>
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<gloss><q>загон</q></gloss></mentioned>. Штакельберг (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>) и Skδld
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>) высказываются в пользу иранского
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происхождения угро-финских слов, однако серьезного обоснования мы у них не
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находим. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e551" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e313" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>-gird</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e556" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e318" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>-kart</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e562" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e324" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>-k’ert’</w></mentioned> в названиях местностей возводятся
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Hübschmann%s’ом и %sHorn</hi>’ом к др.иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛta-</hi>‘сделанный’, ‘построенный’.
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Но если бы осетинское слово было оригинальным иранским и восходило бы к
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛta-</hi>, мы имели бы не <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kært</hi>, а <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kard</hi>, ср. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*mṛta-</hi> ‘мертвый’→ ос.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_mard"/> и
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др.%n<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>I 218, V 318</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/><biblScope>168
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сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope>8б
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26</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>55, 90</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">There are some imposrtant cultural terms, which are the common
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property of Ossetic, some Ugro-Finnic and some Caucasian languages (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kaw"/> ‘wicker fence’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/> ‘steel’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæn"/>
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‘hemp’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæxx"/> ‘salt’). The word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kært</hi> is
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among this terms as well. The origin of some words is not traced with
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confidence, but it is very probable that during their spreading
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Scythian-Sarmatian environment served as an intermediary between the Ugro-Finnic
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world and the Caucasian world. Cf. in Ugro-Finnic context: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e130" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e368" xml:lang="kca" dialect="kca"><lang/>
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<w>karta, karda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e136" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e374" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><lang/>
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<w>karda</w>
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<gloss><q>yard</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e144" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e382" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>kert</w>
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<gloss><q>fenced place</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e152" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e390" xml:lang="hu"><w/>
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<gloss><q>garden</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e158" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e396" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>karta</w>
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<gloss><q>farmyard</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e166" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e404" xml:lang="kv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>yard</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e172" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e410" xml:lang="x-mordvin" dialect="mdf"><lang/>
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<w>kardā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e178" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e416" xml:lang="x-mordvin" dialect="myv"><lang/>
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<w>kardō</w>
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<gloss><q>cattle shed</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e186" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e424" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>kardas, kaldas</w>
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<gloss><q>yard</q></gloss></mentioned>; the following words are related as
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well: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e194" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e432" xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
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<w>kardá</w>
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<gloss><q>fence</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e202" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e440" xml:lang="cv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>fenced place</q></gloss></mentioned> and in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Russian</hi> Volga
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dialects <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e208" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e446" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>karda</w>
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<gloss><q>place, enclosed by a wicker fence or a palisade, serving as a
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farmyard</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Акад._словарь"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e220" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e458" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>kalda</w>
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<gloss><q>fence for cattle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e228" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e466" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>farmyard</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Акад._словарь"/></bibl>). — In Caucasian context:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e237" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e475" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>kert</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e242" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e480" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>kärt</w>
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<gloss><q>fence</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e250" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e488" xml:lang="inh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>fence</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e257" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e495" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>karta, kaltʼa</w>
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<gloss><q>fenced place for cattle</q></gloss></mentioned> (зап. диал.)
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e268" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e506" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
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<w>karta</w></mentioned> id. Cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e273" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e511" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>kʼert’</w>
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<gloss><q>city</q></gloss></mentioned> in the names of the city
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Tigranocærta</hi> etc. (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">χερτα. πόλις υπό Αρμενίων</hi>, — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гесихий"/></bibl>). — <bibl><author>V.
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Thomsen</author><biblScope>(Веroringer mellem de finske og de baltiske
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Sprog. 1890, pp. 170ff.)</biblScope></bibl> also refers to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e289" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e527" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>gárdas</w>
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<gloss><q>open cattle shed for sheep</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e297" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e535" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>garda</w>
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<gloss><q>enclosure</q></gloss></mentioned>. Shtakelberg (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>) and
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Sköld (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>) speak in recommendation of the
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Iranian origin of Ugro-Finnic words, however, they have no serious explanation.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e313" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e551" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>-gird</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e318" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e556" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>-kart</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4826e324" xml:id="mentioned_d4826e562" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>-k’ert’</w></mentioned> in the names of places are traced back to Old
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Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛta-</hi>‘done’, ‘built’ by <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Hübschmann%s and %sHorn</hi>. However, if
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the Ossetic word had been of Iranian origin and traced back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛta-</hi>, the
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result would have been <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kard</hi>, not <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kært</hi>, cf. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*mṛta-</hi> ‘dead’→ Ossetic
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_mard"/>
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etc.%n<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>I 218, V 318</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/><biblScope>168
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сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope>8б
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26</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>55, 90</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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||
</text>
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||
</TEI> |