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204 lines
No EOL
21 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">k0yræt</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_k0yræt" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d5871e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>k˳yræt</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5871e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kuræt</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5871e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бешмет</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (мужская и женская
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одежда)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (men's and ladies'
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wear)</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>beshmet</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (мужская и женская
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одежда)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (men's and ladies'
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wear)</note></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5871e90">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5871e92">
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<quote>mæ k˳yræt — kættag</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бешмет мой — из полотна</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>my beshmet is made of linen</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5871e111">
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<quote>fælæværttæ kodtoj wædy ræstæǵy æǧdawmæ gæsgæ — ḱī cuqa, ḱī k˳yræt, ḱī
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baslyq</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>поднесли подарки согласно обычаям того времени — кто черкеску, кто
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бешмет, кто башлык</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they brought gifts according to the customs of that time — some
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people brought a Circassian coat, some people brought beshmet, some
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people brought bashlyk</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5871e130" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>darijæj din kurættag</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>из шелка <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">dari</hi> тебе (материал) на бешмет</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>here is some silk (material) for your beshmet</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/><biblScope>81</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Распространено во многих, в том числе и неродственных между
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собой языках Средней Азии и Кавказа. — В иранских: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e372" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e155" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>kwrδʼk, qwrty</w>
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<gloss><q>рубаха</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e380" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e163" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>kūrta</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Климчицкий</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗИВ"/><biblScope>VI 21</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e390" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e173" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kurta</w>
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<gloss><q>tunica interula</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e398" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e181" xml:lang="fa"><w>kūrdī, kūrdīn</w>
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<gloss><q>род шерстяной одежды</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e405" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e188" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>kurtek</w>
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<gloss><q>robe</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bedir_Xan"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e416" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e199" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>kurta</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e421" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e204" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>kurta, kurči</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e426" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e209" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>kurti</w>
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<gloss><q>рубаха</q></gloss></mentioned>. В <hi rendition="#rend_bold">тюркских</hi>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e434" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e217" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>körtö</w>
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<gloss><q>стеганый женский халат</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e443" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e226" xml:lang="trk"><w>kürtä</w>
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<gloss><q>короткое платье</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>II 1265, 1461</biblScope></bibl>). — На
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Кавказе: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e453" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e236" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>kurt</w>
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<gloss><q>короткая шуба</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e461" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e244" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>kkurtu</w>
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<gloss><q>бешмет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e469" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e252" xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
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<w>kurtaj</w>
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<gloss><q>бешмет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e477" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e260" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
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<w>kurt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e483" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e266" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>gverde</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e488" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e271" xml:lang="udi"><lang/>
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<w>ǧurat</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e493" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e276" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>k’warti</w>
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<gloss><q>рубашка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e501" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e284" xml:lang="ka"><w>k’urt’ak’i</w>
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<gloss><q>панцирь</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саба"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e510" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e293" xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>k’urta</w>
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<gloss><q>кальсоны</q></gloss></mentioned>. Какой язык является
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первоисточником? В пользу иранского происхождения <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste</hi> приводит глоссу
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Гесихия</hi>, где <hi rendition="#rend_italic">κόρτην</hi> объясняется как парфянская одежда, которую получают
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юноши, достигшие совершеннолетия (%iκόρτην Πάρθοι έσθήτα κσλοὖσιv, ήν λαμβάνουσι
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παΐδες εις άνδρας άφιxoμεvoι%i), а также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e519" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e302" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>kərəti-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e524" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e307" xml:lang="ae"><w>kəša-
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(kərəta-)</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в выражении %ikəša-
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vastra-%i</note>
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<gloss><q>какая-то одежда</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e532" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e315" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kuratu-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (в санскритско-китайском
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словаре)</note>
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<gloss><q>рубашка</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако эти формы не могут
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восходить к ар. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛtta-</hi> ‘выкроенный’ (от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kṛt-</hi> ‘кроить’), так как из
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛtta-</hi> мы должны иметь <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛsta-</hi> (ав. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəsta-</hi>). При любой этимологии
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ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuræt</hi> не может восходить к ав. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəti-</hi>, которому отвечает скорее ос.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærc"/> ‘шуба’ q. v. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ВаiIеу</hi> также считает
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слово иранским и усматривает в нем иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kur-</hi> ‘шея’; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e544" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e327" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>kurit-</w>
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<gloss><q>ниспадающий от шлема покров для шеи</q></gloss></mentioned>;
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привлекается также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e552" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e335" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>grat</w>
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<gloss><q>боевой плащ</q></gloss></mentioned> (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*gurat</hi>). Ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuræt</hi>
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ваilеу</hi> возводит к др.иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuraθa-</hi>. В солидной древности ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuræt</hi>
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сомневаться не приходится (в отличие от более нового <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cūqqa"/> ‘черкеска’). Весьма вероятно, что название <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuræt</hi>
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относилось в древности к тому короткому, выше колен, кафтану, которых характерен
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для скифов (см.: <bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Н. Анфимов. Древние поселения
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Прикубанья. 1953, стр. 65</biblScope></bibl>).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Benveniste</author><biblScope>Mots voyageurs en Asie
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Centrale</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">1948, стр. 185—188</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Bailey</author><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Donum natalicum
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Nyberg oblatum, стр. 7—10</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It is widespread in many languages of Central Asia and Caucasia,
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including genealogically unrelated ones. — Iranian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e155" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e372" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>kwrδʼk, qwrty</w>
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<gloss><q>shirt</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e163" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e380" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>kūrta</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Klimchitsky</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗИВ"/><biblScope>VI 21</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e173" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e390" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kurta</w>
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<gloss><q>tunica interula</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e181" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e398" xml:lang="fa"><w>kūrdī, kūrdīn</w>
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<gloss><q>a kind of woolen clothes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e188" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e405" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>kurtek</w>
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<gloss><q>robe</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bedir_Xan"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e199" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e416" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>kurta</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e204" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e421" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>kurta, kurči</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e209" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e426" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>kurti</w>
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<gloss><q>shirt</q></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Turkic</hi> languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e217" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e434" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>körtö</w>
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<gloss><q>quilted dressing gown</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e226" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e443" xml:lang="trk"><w>kürtä</w>
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<gloss><q>short dress</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>II 1265, 1461</biblScope></bibl>). — In
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the Caucasus: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e236" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e453" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>kurt</w>
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<gloss><q>short fur coat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e244" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e461" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>kkurtu</w>
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<gloss><q>beshmet</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e252" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e469" xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
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<w>kurtaj</w>
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<gloss><q>beshmet</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e260" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e477" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
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<w>kurt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e266" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e483" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>gverde</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e271" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e488" xml:lang="udi"><lang/>
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<w>ǧurat</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e276" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e493" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>k’warti</w>
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<gloss><q>shirt</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e284" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e501" xml:lang="ka"><w>k’urt’ak’i</w>
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<gloss><q>coat of mail</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саба"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e293" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e510" xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>k’urta</w>
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<gloss><q>underpants</q></gloss></mentioned>. Which language is the primary
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source? <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste%s cites the gloss of %sHesychius</hi> in favour of Iranian
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origin, where <hi rendition="#rend_italic">κόρτην</hi> is explained as Parthian clothes, which young men who
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have reached the age of majority get (%iκόρτην Πάρθοι έσθήτα κσλοὖσιv, ήν
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λαμβάνουσι παΐδες εις άνδρας άφιxoμεvoι%i), and also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e302" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e519" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>kərəti-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e307" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e524" xml:lang="ae"><w>kəša-
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(kərəta-)</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in the expression
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kəša- vastra-</note>
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<gloss><q>some clothes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e315" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e532" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kuratu-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (in a
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Sanskrit-Chinese dictionary)</note>
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<gloss><q>shirt</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, these forms cannot have
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originated from Aryan <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛtta-</hi> ‘cut out’ (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kṛt-</hi> ‘to cut out’), since
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛtta-</hi> should have become <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛsta-</hi> (Avar <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəsta-</hi>). With any
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etymology the Ossetic word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuræt</hi> cannot be traced back to Avar <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəti-</hi>,
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which is more likely related to Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærc"/>
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‘fur coat’ q. v. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ВаiIеу</hi> also consideres this word to be of Iranian origin,
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and sees Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kur-</hi> ‘neck’ in it; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e327" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e544" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>kurit-</w>
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<gloss><q>a cover for a neck, which is attached to a
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helmet</q></gloss></mentioned>; see also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5871e335" xml:id="mentioned_d5871e552" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>grat</w>
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<gloss><q>battle cloak</q></gloss></mentioned> (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*gurat</hi>). <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ваilеу</hi>
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traces Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuræt</hi> back to Old Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuraθa-</hi>. There is no doubt in
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the solid antiquity of Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuræt</hi> (in contrast to a newer word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cūqqa"/> ‘Circassian coat’). It is highly probable
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that the name <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuræt</hi> anciently referred to that short overknee caftan, which
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is typical of the Scythians (see: <bibl><biblScope xml:lang="en">N. Anfimov. Drevnije poselenija Prikubanja. 1953, p.
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65</biblScope></bibl>).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Benveniste</author><biblScope>Mots voyageurs en Asie
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Centrale</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">1948, p. 185—188</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Bailey</author><biblScope xml:lang="en">Donum
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natalicum Nyberg oblatum, p. 7—10</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |