491 lines
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38 KiB
XML
491 lines
No EOL
38 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mæsyg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_mæsyg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d1857e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>mæsyg</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d1857e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>mæsug</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1857e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>боевая башня</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>war tower</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Такие башни составляли неотъемлемую принадлежность
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пейзажа горной Осетии, так же как соседних Сванетии, Балкарии, горных районов восточной
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Грузии, Ингушетии, Чечни. Строились либо в аулах (фамильные башни, например <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1857e84" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>Makkoty mæsyg</phr></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1857e87" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>Bocity mæsyg</phr></mentioned>), либо в стратегически важных
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местах, на подступах в ущелье и т. п. (<bibl><title>Народы Кавказа,</title>
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<biblScope>I</biblScope>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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318</biblScope></bibl>). Иметь свою башню считалось делом чести для всей фамилии.
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">У <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1857e104" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>tyxǵyn
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myggag</phr>
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<gloss>(сильной фамилии)</gloss></mentioned> имелась фамильная башня в 5—7 ярусов, в
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которой могло при обороне от неприятеля укрыться все население аула</q>
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<bibl>(<author>Коста</author>, <title>Сочинения</title>, <biblScope>т. IV</biblScope>,
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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326</biblScope>)</bibl></quote></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Such towers used to be an integral feature of the
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landscape of highland Ossetia, as well as the neighbouring Svanetia, Balkaria, highland
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regions of eastern Georgia, Ingushetia, Chechnya. They were constructed either in towns
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(clan towers, e.g. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1857e128" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>Makkoty mæsyg</phr></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1857e131" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>Bocity mæsyg</phr></mentioned>), or in
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strategically important locations, in the approaches to the gorge etc.
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(<bibl><title>Narody Kavkaza,</title>
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<biblScope>I</biblScope>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>p.
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318</biblScope></bibl>). Having one’s own tower was considered to be a matter of
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honour for the whole clan. <quote xml:lang="en"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">A
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1857e148" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>tyxǵyn myggag</phr>
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<gloss>(strong clan)</gloss></mentioned> had a clan tower of 5–7 levels, where all
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the population of the town could hide when defending from an enemy</q><!--<note
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type="footnote">У <quote xml:lang="ru"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned
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xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>tyxǵyn myggag</phr>
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<gloss>(сильной фамилии)</gloss></mentioned> имелась фамильная башня в 5—7
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ярусов, в которой могло при обороне от неприятеля укрыться все население
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аула.</q></quote></note>-->
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<bibl>(<author>Kosta</author>, <title>Sočinenija</title> [Works], <biblScope>vol.
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IV</biblScope>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>p.
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326</biblScope>)</bibl></quote></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1857e172">
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<example xml:id="example_d1857e174">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>mæsygamajǵytæ</oRef> īw ærx˳ydtoj
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Ʒaraxæj: ūmy irættæ dæsny wydysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">строителей башни приглашали из Джераховского
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ущелья: тамошние осетины были мастера</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they used to invite tower builders from the
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Dzheyrakh gorge: Ossetians from that region were experts</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из материалов Е.
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Бараковой</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from materials of E.
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Barakova</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e199">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱʼyræj særst <oRef>mæsg˳ytæ</oRef> sty greḱʼy
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mæsg˳ytæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">покрытые известкой башни принадлежат грекам</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">towers covered by lime belong to the Greeks</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>III 94</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1857e224">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qoroty dywwæ avdbynaton <oRef>mæsyǵy</oRef>
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arvmæ fæcydysty, cæmæj nawæd kæmæj fætarstajkkoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">две семиярусные башни Короевых достигали неба,
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— чего или кого им было бояться</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the two seven-level towers of the Qorotæ
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reached to the sky: what or whom would they fear</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1857e249">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Karsanatæn wydī dywwæ <oRef>mæsyǵy</oRef>
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xæcynæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у (фамилии) Карсановых было две боевые
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башни</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Karsantæ (clan) had two war towers</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>III 117</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1857e274">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Poratæ Ʒantiaty nyxmæ <oRef>mæsyg</oRef>
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amajyn bajdydtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Пораевы стали строить башню (для борьбы) против
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Дзантиевых</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">The Poratæ started building a tower (for
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fighting) against the Dzantiatæ</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>III 171</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1857e300">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zæxxyl dyn nal bazzad kæninag, — dæ
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<oRef>mæsyg</oRef> amajyn fædæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на земле у тебя не осталось ничего
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незавершенного, — ты достроил свою башню</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on earth you have nothing left unfinished — you
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have finished building your tower</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1857e325">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xæmyc… ærx˳y <oRef>mæsyǵy</oRef> særmæ
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scydī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хамиц поднялся на верхушку медной башни</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Khæmits climbed to the top of the copper
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tower</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 16</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e350">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærx˳y <oRef>mæsyǵy</oRef> alyfars ærx˳y
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galwan festad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вокруг медной башни появилась медная ограда</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a copper fence appeared around the copper
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tower</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>IV 50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1857e375">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Arag˳yjy dony bylyl — nyr dær ma jæ sīstæ
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ænæxæld sty — læwwydī <oRef>mæsyg</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на берегу реки Арагвы — и сейчас еще ее стены
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не разрушились — стояла башня</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on the bank of the river Aragvi — its walls are
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still intact — stood a tower</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1857e399">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cʼæx ajnæǵy gæmæx tīǧyl, marǧ tyxxæjty kædæm
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tæxy, ūm Cogojty bærzond <oRef>mæsyg</oRef> zyny dardmæ cyrtʒævænaw</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на голом выступе серого утеса, куда с трудом
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долетает птица, там высокая башня Цогоевых видна далеко, как памятник</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">at the bare edge of a grey cliff, where a bird
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reaches with difficulty, there the high tower of the Tsogoytæ is soon from afar, as
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a monument</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
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<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e424">
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tajmūrazæn mītæj mæsg˳ytæ fæcamadtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">понастроили Таймуразу снежных башен
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(несбыточных планов, надежд)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they built Taymuraz towers (made) of snow
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(unrealizable plans, hopes)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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||
<biblScope>47</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e448">
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>mæsyg</oRef> xī dūræj xæly</quote>
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||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">башня разрушается от собственного камня</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the tower is destroyed by its own stone</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">пословица</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">proverb</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e473">
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ, mæ læwgæ xox, wæ, mæ cæwgæ
|
||
<oRef>masyg</oRef>!</quote>
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||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о (ты, который был) моей недвижимой горой, моей
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||
движущейся башней!</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr xml:lang="en">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">o (you who were) my unmoving mountain, my
|
||
moving tower!</q>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из причитания по
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||
покойнику</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from a lament for the
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||
deceased</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e499" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwwæ osi… smedæg æncæ avd wæjugi
|
||
mæsugmæ</quote>
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||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">две женщины шмыгнули в башню семи великанов</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr xml:lang="en">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">two women slipped into the tower of the seven
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||
giants</q>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>27<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e528" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ese
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||
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220624T200931+0300" comment="NB: "took and""?>bazdaxtæj
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||
æma<?oxy_comment_end ?> osæ wæd, kizgæ wæd, biccew wæd, toxunmæ ka næ aræxstæj, oni
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||
ewguræj dær bafsnajdta Xætægti ustur mæsugi</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Есе взял и всех, кто не способен был сражаться,
|
||
будь то женщина, девочка или мальчик, укрыл в большой башне Хатаговых</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr xml:lang="en">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Yese turned and sheltered all who were unable
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||
to fight, were it a woman, a girl or a boy, in the great tower of the Xætægtæ</q>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
|
||
<biblScope>2</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e558" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ bæcǧatær læg <oRef>mæsugmæ</oRef> ærtæ boni
|
||
næ zinnuj</quote>
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||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее храбрый муж три дня не показывается в
|
||
башню</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">her brave husband does not show up to the tower
|
||
for three days</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
||
<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e586" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arvmæ <oRef>mæsug</oRef> amajetæ, xormæ
|
||
skænetæ fændag</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стройте башню до неба, к солнцу держите
|
||
путь</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">build a tower to the sky, make (your) way to
|
||
the sun</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
||
<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e615" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bajdædta kosun æxsævæj, bonæj cæræn mæsugbæl
|
||
e kærdgæ doræj</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стал он работать день и ночь над (сооружением)
|
||
жилой башни из тесаного камня</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he started working day and night on (building)
|
||
a habitable tower from hewn stone</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
|
||
<biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:id="example_d1857e641">
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ærgæsi <oRef>mæsugæn</oRef>… adtæj fat
|
||
waʒæntæ allirdæmæ</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у башни Аргаса были бойницы во все стороны</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the tower of Ærgas had loopholes to all
|
||
sides</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
|
||
<biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
|
||
<re xml:id="re_d1857e667">
|
||
<form xml:id="form_d1857e669" type="lemma"><orth>mæsyggæs</orth></form>
|
||
<sense xml:id="sense_d1857e672"><sense xml:id="sense_d1857e673"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сторож
|
||
башни</q>
|
||
</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">tower
|
||
guard</q>
|
||
</tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1857e684"><def xml:lang="ru">воин, постоянно находившийся в башне для
|
||
наблюдения; в случае опасности он зажигал на верхушке башни огонь, что было сигналом
|
||
тревоги (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
|
||
<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 167 сл.</biblScope></bibl>)</def><def xml:lang="en">a warrior who
|
||
was always present in the tower for observation; in case of danger he lit a fire on
|
||
the top of the tower, which was an alarm signal (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
|
||
<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 167
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20220719T133418+0300" comment="NB rus"?>ff<?oxy_comment_end ?>.</biblScope></bibl>)</def></sense></sense>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Сближается с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e995" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e718" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>μόσ(σ)υν</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>(деревянная) башня</q></gloss> (<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><bibl><author>Hesych.</author></bibl>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1007" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e730" xml:lang="grc"><phr>μόσ(σ)υν·
|
||
πύργος</phr></mentioned></note>; <note type="bibl">cp.: <bibl><author>Aeneas
|
||
Tacticus</author>. <title>De obsidione toleranda</title>, <biblScope>33,
|
||
3</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Xen.</author>
|
||
<title>Anab.</title>
|
||
<biblScope>5, 4, 26</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Dion. Halic.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>1, 26</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Strabo</author>
|
||
<biblScope>XII, 3, 18</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Eust.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>765</biblScope></bibl>, и др.</note>)</mentioned>, откуда <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1043" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e766" xml:lang="grc"><w>Μοσ(σ)ύνοικοι</w>
|
||
<gloss>буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">живущие в башнях</q></gloss>:
|
||
<gloss>1. название народности, населявшей юго-восточное побережье Понта <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Her.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>III 94, VII 78</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Xen</author>.
|
||
<title>Anab.</title>
|
||
<biblScope>5, 4, 1—3, 8, 11—17, 22—34</biblScope></bibl>;
|
||
<bibl><author>Scyl.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>86, 87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Scymn.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>900</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Diod. Sic.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>14, 30</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Strabo</author>
|
||
<biblScope>XII 3, 18</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Val. Flacc.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>5, 152</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Amm. Marc.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>22, 8</biblScope></bibl>, и др.)</note></gloss>; <gloss>2. название
|
||
народа в Великой Фригии с главным городом <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1101" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e824" xml:lang="xpg"><w>Mossyna</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Plin.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>5, 3, 33; 6,
|
||
126</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned></gloss></mentioned>. Об исконном родстве
|
||
осетинского и греческого слова не может быть речи: осетинскому <c>s</c> между гласными не
|
||
может отвечать гр. <c>σ</c>. К тому же <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1116" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e839" xml:lang="grc"><w>μόσυν</w></mentioned>
|
||
самими греками ощущалось как <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">варварское</q> слово и
|
||
современными специалистами считается чуждым греческому языку.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Boisacq">Boisacq</ref></bibl> даже
|
||
не включил это слово в свой втимологический словарь.</note> Может быть, в греческий
|
||
слово заимствовано из иранского? Но и для такого предположения нет достаточных оснований:
|
||
кроме ос. <oRef/>, на иранской почве ничего подходящего не видно. Остается, стало быть,
|
||
думать, что и в греческий и в осетинский слово вошло из какой-то третьей этнической среды,
|
||
которая имела контакты и с греками и со скифами. Такой средой были фракийские племена, а
|
||
также фригийские до их передвижения из Македонии в Малую Азию. На фрако-фригийской почве и
|
||
следует искать, всего вероятнее, родину слова <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1131" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e854" xml:lang="grc"><w>μόσυν</w></mentioned>. В пользу этого говорит название фригийского города <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1101" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e857" xml:lang="xpg"><w>Mossyna</w></mentioned> (см. выше), а также название местности во
|
||
Фракии <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1137" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e860" xml:lang="txh"><w>Μόσσυνος</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<quote><bibl><author>Athen.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>7. 345 e</biblScope></bibl>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">…περί
|
||
Μόσσυνον τῆς Θρᾴκης βοῦς…</q></quote>)</note></mentioned> и название города в той
|
||
же Фракии <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1153" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e876" xml:lang="txh"><w>Μοσυνόπολις</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Ephr.</author> mon. <biblScope>5694,
|
||
7816</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Было ли во фракийском или фригийском
|
||
это слово индоевропейским наследием (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1164" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e887" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">moḱu-</w></mentioned>?) или оно идет из какого-то доиндоевропейского
|
||
балканского субстрата (таково мнение <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Кречмера</hi>) —
|
||
решить трудно. — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Штакельберг</hi> считал ос. <oRef/>
|
||
заимствованным из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1178" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e901" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>muškū</w>
|
||
<gloss>1. <q>templum idolicum</q></gloss>, <gloss>2. <q>gynaeceum regium</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss>3. <q>domus suprema</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>89</biblScope></bibl>). Однако и значения и форма плохо согласуются. Не
|
||
убеждает также сопоставление ос. <oRef/> с <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1857e926"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1204" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e927" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Μεσχίθα</w>, <w>Μεστχῆθα</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e1211" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e934" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Mcxeta</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss>название древней столицы Грузии</gloss></mentioned>
|
||
(<bibl><author>Altheim</author> und <author>Stiehl</author>. <title>Die aramäische
|
||
Sprache unter den Achaimeniden</title>. <date>1963</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
||
256</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><author>Lidén</author>. <title>Folknamnet
|
||
Mosynoiker</title>. <title type="j">Strena phil. Persson</title>, <date>1922</date>,
|
||
<biblScope>стр. 393—396</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Jokl</author>, <title type="j">Eberts Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte</title>, <biblScope>Bd. 13, стр.
|
||
291</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Kretschmer</author>, <title type="j">Glotta</title>, <biblScope>Bd. 22, 1933, стр. 112</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
||
<bibl><author>Detschew</author>. <title>Die thrakischen Sprachreste</title>.
|
||
<pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope>стр. 311
|
||
сл.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Resembles <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e718" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e995" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>μόσ(σ)υν</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>(wooden) tower</q></gloss> (<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><bibl><author>Hesych.</author></bibl>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e730" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1007" xml:lang="grc"><phr>μόσ(σ)υν·
|
||
πύργος</phr></mentioned></note>; <note type="bibl">cf.: <bibl><author>Aeneas
|
||
Tacticus</author>. <title>De obsidione toleranda</title>, <biblScope>33,
|
||
3</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Xen.</author>
|
||
<title>Anab.</title>
|
||
<biblScope>5, 4, 26</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Dion. Halic.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>1, 26</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Strabo</author>
|
||
<biblScope>XII, 3, 18</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Eust.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>765</biblScope></bibl>, etc.</note>)</mentioned>, whence <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e766" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1043" xml:lang="grc"><w>Μοσ(σ)ύνοικοι</w>
|
||
<gloss>lit. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">tower-dwellers</q></gloss>: <gloss>1. name
|
||
of a tribe that inhabited the south-eastern coast of the Pontus <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Her.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>III 94, VII 78</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Xen</author>.
|
||
<title>Anab.</title>
|
||
<biblScope>5, 4, 1—3, 8, 11—17, 22—34</biblScope></bibl>;
|
||
<bibl><author>Scyl.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>86, 87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Scymn.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>900</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Diod. Sic.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>14, 30</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Strabo</author>
|
||
<biblScope>XII 3, 18</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Val. Flacc.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>5, 152</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Amm. Marc.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>22, 8</biblScope></bibl>, etc.)</note></gloss>; <gloss>2. name of a
|
||
tribe in Greater Phrygia with the capital city <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e824" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1101" xml:lang="xpg"><w>Mossyna</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Plin.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>5, 3, 33; 6,
|
||
126</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned></gloss></mentioned>. Cognacy between the
|
||
Ossetic and the Greek words is out of the question: Ossetic intervocal <c>s</c> cannot
|
||
correspond to Greek <c>σ</c>. Moreover, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e839" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1116" xml:lang="grc"><w>μόσυν</w></mentioned>
|
||
was viewed as a <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Barbarian</q> word by the Greeks
|
||
themselves and is considered to be alien to the Greek language by modern scholars.<note type="footnote"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Boisacq">Boisacq</ref></bibl> did
|
||
not even include this word in his etymological dictionary.</note> May this word be a
|
||
loanword from Iranian into Greek? But there is no sufficient evidence for this conjecture
|
||
either: except Ossetic <oRef/>, no correspondences in Iranian are attested. One, then, has
|
||
to assume that the word entered into both Greek and Ossetic from some third ethnic
|
||
environment which had contact with both Greeks and Scythians. Thracian tribes were such an
|
||
environment, as well as the Phrygians before their migration from Macedonia to Asia Minor.
|
||
It is probably in the Thraco-Phrygian milieu that the origin of the word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e854" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1131" xml:lang="grc"><w>μόσυν</w></mentioned> should be looked for. Some arguments in favour
|
||
of this are the name of a Phrygian city <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e824" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1134" xml:lang="xpg"><w>Mossyna</w></mentioned> (see above), the name of an area in Thrace <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e860" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1137" xml:lang="txh"><w>Μόσσυνος</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<quote><bibl><author>Athen.</author>
|
||
<biblScope>7. 345 e</biblScope></bibl>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">…περί
|
||
Μόσσυνον τῆς Θρᾴκης βοῦς…</q></quote>)</note></mentioned>, and the name of a city
|
||
also in Thrace <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e876" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1153" xml:lang="txh"><w>Μοσυνόπολις</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Ephr.</author> mon. <biblScope>5694,
|
||
7816</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Deciding whether this word was an
|
||
Indo-European inheritance (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e887" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1164" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">moḱu-</w></mentioned>?) in Phrygian and Thracian, or it comes from some
|
||
pre-Indo-European Balkan substratum (the opinion of <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Kretschmer</hi>) is difficult. — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Stackelberg</hi>
|
||
considered Ossetic <oRef/> to be a loan from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e901" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1178" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>muškū</w>
|
||
<gloss>1. <q>templum idolicum</q></gloss>, <gloss>2. <q>gynaeceum regium</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss>3. <q>domus suprema</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>89</biblScope></bibl>). But both meaning and form correspond poorly. The
|
||
comparison of Ossetic <oRef/> with <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1203"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e927" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1204" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Μεσχίθα</w>, <w>Μεστχῆθα</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1857e934" xml:id="mentioned_d1857e1211" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Mcxeta</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss>name of the ancient Georgian capital</gloss></mentioned>
|
||
(<bibl><author>Altheim</author> und <author>Stiehl</author>. <title>Die aramäische
|
||
Sprache unter den Achaimeniden</title>. <date>1963</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
||
256</biblScope></bibl>) is also unconvincing.<lb/><bibl><author>Lidén</author>.
|
||
<title>Folknamnet Mosynoiker</title>. <title type="j">Strena phil. Persson</title>,
|
||
<date>1922</date>, <biblScope>pp. 393—396</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
||
<bibl><author>Jokl</author>, <title type="j">Eberts Reallexikon der
|
||
Vorgeschichte</title>, <biblScope>Bd. 13, p. 291</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
||
<bibl><author>Kretschmer</author>, <title type="j">Glotta</title>, <biblScope>Bd. 22,
|
||
1933, p. 112</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Detschew</author>. <title>Die
|
||
thrakischen Sprachreste</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>,
|
||
<biblScope>p. 311 ff.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |