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16 KiB
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162 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mætyx</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_mætyx" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="complete">
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<form xml:id="form_d5025e66" type="lemma"><orth>mætyx</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5025e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5025e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>саранча</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>locust</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5025e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>акриды</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sarincxa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>sarincxa</w>
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<gloss>id</gloss></ref></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sarincxa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>sarincxa</w>
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<gloss>id</gloss></ref></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5025e107">
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<example xml:id="example_d5025e109">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ioann ta dardta tewajy q˳ynæj daræs… æmæ
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xordta <oRef>mætyxtæ</oRef> æmæ qæddag myd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Иоанн же носил одежду из верблюжьего волоса… и
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ел акриды и дикий мед</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">And John was clothed with camel’s hair… and he
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did eat locusts and wild honey</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 6</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиранское слово, представленное в нескольких вариантах, которые
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трудно возвести к одному прототипу: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5025e140"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e390" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e141" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>maig</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(← <w type="rec">madika-</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
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<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl></note>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e407" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e158" xml:lang="fa"><w>malax</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e412" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e163" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">madaxa-</w></mentioned>, с характерным не столько для персидского, сколько для
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кушанского, афганского, мунджанского переходом <c>d (δ)</c> → <c>l</c>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e421" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e172" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>madag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e426" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e177" xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>maδaɣ</w></mentioned>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e431" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e182" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">madaka-</w></mentioned>)</note>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e436" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e187" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>malax</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(эта афганско-персидская форма широко
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распространилась)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e445" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e196" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>marax</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e452" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e203" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
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<w>maδax</w></mentioned> с закономерным для армянского переходом <c>-δ-</c> →
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<c>-r-</c>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e462" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e213" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>mθx</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
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<biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e475" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e226" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>maδaxā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e480" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e231" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>maṭačī-</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(сомнительно ввиду <c>ṭ</c>)</note></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>саранча</q></gloss></mentioned>. Осетинская форма близка к хорезмийской и
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возводится к <w type="rec">maθixa-</w> (<w type="rec">maθuxa</w>) <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220624T223456+0300" comment="Abaev has nothing here, but this seems to make sense"?>←<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e504" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e255" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">maθika-</w></mentioned>. Возможно, однако, что в
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осетинском имело место вторичное оглушение <c>d</c> → <c>t</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_satæg"><w>satæg</w>
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<gloss><q>прохладный</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyrysa"><w>tyrysa</w>
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<gloss><q>знамя</q></gloss></ref> и др. В этом случае все засвидетельствованные варианты
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можно было бы возвести к двоякому оформлению <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e524" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e275" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mad-aka-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e529" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e280" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mad-ika-</w></mentioned>. <name>Szemerényi</name> считает начальный <m>m-</m> остатком
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приставки <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e537" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e288" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">ham-</m></mentioned> и этимологизирует
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5025e292"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e542" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e293" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-ad-aka-</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e546" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e297" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-ad-ika-</w></mentioned>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e552" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e303" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ad-</w>
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<gloss><q>есть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пожирать</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, имея в виду хорошо
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известное обжорство саранчи; однако <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e562" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e313" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>maṭačī</w></mentioned>, если оно относится сюда (<name>Mayrhofer</name>),
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препятствует такой этимологии. На скифской почве ср. еще племенное название <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e570" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e321" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ματυκεται</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>173</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Вс.
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<author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 158</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Sogdicisms
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in the Avesta</title>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(apud <bibl><author>Altheim</author>. <title>Aus
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Spätantike und Christentum</title>. <date>1951</date></bibl>)</note>,
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<biblScope>стр. 156—158</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
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<biblScope>17, 145</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
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<biblScope>II 554</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <title>Iran
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and Islam</title>, <pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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288</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Common Iranin word, attested in several variants which are difficult to
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reduce to a single prototype: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5025e389"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e141" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e390" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>maig</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(← <w type="rec">madika-</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
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<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl></note>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e158" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e407" xml:lang="fa"><w>malax</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e163" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e412" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">madaxa-</w></mentioned>, with the sound change <c>d (δ)</c> → <c>l</c>
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characteristic not so much of Persian but rather of Bactrian, Pashto,
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Munji)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e172" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e421" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>madag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e177" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e426" xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>maδaɣ</w></mentioned>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e182" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e431" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">madaka-</w></mentioned>)</note>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e187" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e436" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>malax</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(this Pashto-Persian form
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has spread widely)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e196" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e445" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>marax</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e203" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e452" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
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<w>maδax</w></mentioned> with the regular Armenian sound change <c>-δ-</c> →
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<c>-r-</c>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e213" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e462" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>mθx</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
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<biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e226" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e475" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>maδaxā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e231" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e480" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>maṭačī-</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(doubtful due to <c>ṭ</c>)</note></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>locust</q></gloss></mentioned>. The Ossetic form is close to Khwarezmian and
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is derived from <w type="rec">maθixa-</w> (<w type="rec">maθuxa</w>) <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220624T223456+0300" comment="Abaev has nothing here, but this seems to make sense"?>←<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e255" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e504" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">maθika-</w></mentioned>. It is, however, possible
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that Ossetic underwent a secondary devoicing <c>d</c> → <c>t</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_satæg"><w>satæg</w>
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<gloss><q>cool</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyrysa"><w>tyrysa</w>
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<gloss><q>banner</q></gloss></ref> etc. In this case all attested variants could be
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reduced to the double forms <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e275" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e524" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mad-aka-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e280" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e529" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mad-ika-</w></mentioned>. <name>Szemerényi</name> considers initial <m>m-</m> to be the
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remnant of the prefix <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e288" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e537" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">ham-</m></mentioned> and
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etymologizes <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5025e541"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e293" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e542" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-ad-aka-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e297" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e546" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-ad-ika-</w></mentioned>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e303" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e552" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ad-</w>
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<gloss><q>eat</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>consume</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, having in mind the
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well-known gluttony of the locust; however, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e313" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e562" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>maṭačī</w></mentioned>, if it belongs here (<name>Mayrhofer</name>), contradicts this
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etymology. In Scythian cf. also the tribe name <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e321" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e570" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ματυκεται</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>173</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Ws.
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<author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 158</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Sogdicisms
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in the Avesta</title>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(apud <bibl><author>Altheim</author>. <title>Aus
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Spätantike und Christentum</title>. <date>1951</date></bibl>)</note>,
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<biblScope>pp. 156—158</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
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<biblScope>17, 145</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
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<biblScope>II 554</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <title>Iran
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and Islam</title>, <pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>p.
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288</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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||
</text>
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||
</TEI> |