abaev-xml/entries/abaev_ma_2.xml
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ma_2</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_ma_2" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions" n="2">
<form xml:id="form_d2268e66" type="lemma"><orth>ma</orth></form>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> энклитическая частица со значением: </note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> enclitic particle with the meaning: </note>
<sense xml:id="sense_d2268e75" n="1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>еще</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>yet</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>more</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>still</q>
</abv:tr></sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d2268e93" n="2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>-ка</q>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> — обычно с императивом</note>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>will you</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>now</q>
<note type="comment">(a hortative particle, cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2268e111" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<m>-ka</m></mentioned>) — usually with imperative</note>
</abv:tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (в дигорском в этом значении
редко)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (in Digor, rare in this
sense)</note></sense>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2268e123" n="1">
<example xml:id="example_d2268e125">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Fsati <oRef>ma</oRef> x˳yssy</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Фсати еще спит</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Fsati is still sleeping</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e150">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱysyl <oRef>ma</oRef> jæ zonyn mæ
fydy</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">немного я еще помню моего отца</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I still remember my father a little bit</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e175">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr dær <oRef>ma</oRef> ærra dæn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и теперь я еще безумец</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and also know I am still a madman</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e200">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw qær <oRef>ma</oRef> nykkodta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он издал еще один крик</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he let out one more cry</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/>
<biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e225">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">baræǵy <oRef/> asyrdtam, fælæ jæ nal
bajjæftam</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы еще погнались за всадником, но уже не
догнали его</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we chased the rider some more, but no longer
caught up with him</q>
</tr>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e246" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">du <oRef>ma</oRef> neræn mingij dæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты пока еще мал</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you are still small</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e274" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ci <oRef>ma</oRef> kænʒinæn?</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что мне еще делать?</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what more shall I do?</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
<biblScope>6<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">6</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e305" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæʒaræj <oRef>ma</oRef> qwæcæ cudæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из сакли еще шел дым</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">smoke was still coming from the house</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
<biblScope>16<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">15</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e336" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">izædtæ <oRef>ma</oRef> adæmi xæccæ ku
xattæncæ…</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда небожители еще общались (ходили) с
людьми…</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when divine beings had still conversed (walked)
with men…</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
<biblScope>19<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">7</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2268e368" n="2">
<example xml:id="example_d2268e370">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ma</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">иди-ка</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">go now</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e394">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæj <oRef>ma</oRef> mæ myzd myn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ну-ка, (дай) мне мою плату</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">well, (give) me my payment</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e419">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æddæmæ <oRef>ma</oRef> sæm rakæsut</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выгляните-ка к ним наружу</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">look out to them outside, will you</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>109</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e444">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fen <oRef>ma</oRef> mænæ ūcy ḱyzg æmæ
læppujy</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">посмотри-ка вот на этих девочку и мальчика</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">look at these boy and girl now</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
<biblScope>88</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d2268e469" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ferttevæ <oRef>ma</oRef> me stʼalu</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сверкни-ка, моя звезда</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may you twinkle, my star</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">В значении побудительной частицы <gloss><q>-ка</q></gloss> восходит к
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e735" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e503" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<m type="rec"></m></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e741" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e509" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
<m></m>
<gloss><q>ну!</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e749" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e517" xml:lang="ae-x-gth"><lang/>
<m></m></mentioned> усилительная энклитическая частица, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e754" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e522" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<m>sma</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e760" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e528" xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
<m>mai</m>
<gloss>частица при оптативных и вопросительных оборотах</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e767" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e535" xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
<m>ma</m>
<gloss><q>же</q> энклитическая частица</gloss></mentioned>. Ср., с другой стороны,
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e778" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e544" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>ma</w>
<gloss><q>на! вот!</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>IV 1985</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
<biblScope>895</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e799" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e565" xml:lang="tg" extralang="isk sgh x-rushani yai"><lang/>
<w>ma</w>
<gloss><q>на! вот! возьми!</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <oRef/>
<gloss><q>еще</q></gloss> следует отделять от <oRef/>
<gloss><q>-ка</q></gloss> и сближать с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ma_3"/> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æma</w>, <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmæ</w>
<gloss><q>и</q></gloss></ref>, стало быть возводить к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e828" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e596" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w type="rec">hama</w></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2268e602"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e835" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e603" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>m<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220601T000929+0300" comment="vowel length?"?>ā<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e844" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e612" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>mʼ</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>так</q></gloss></mentioned> (← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e852" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e621" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hama-aθa</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
<biblScope>§ 397</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e863" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e631" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>hamaθa</w>
<gloss><q>также</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Вс. Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr. </ref>
<biblScope>38</biblScope>)</bibl> возводит оба значения к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e880" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e648" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mat</w>
<gloss><q>вместе</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>совместно</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e892" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e660" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>mat</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e897" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e665" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>smat</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e903" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e671" xml:lang="ce"><lang>Чеч.</lang>
<w>ma</w>
<gloss>усилительная частица <q>-то</q>, <q>ведь</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e916" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e684" xml:lang="ce"><phr>so-ma</phr>
<gloss><q>я-то</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п.)</note></mentioned> идет, возможно,
из осетинского. Сюда (с наращением <c>-r</c>) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e923" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e694" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
<w>mar</w>
<gloss><q>еще</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>уже</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>даже</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>-ка</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2268e714"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e943" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e715" xml:lang="hu"><phr>gyere
mar</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e946" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e718" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<phr>cū ma</phr></mentioned>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">иди-ка</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">In the meaning of a hortative particle <gloss><q>may you</q>
etc.</gloss> goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e503" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e735" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<m type="rec"></m></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e509" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e741" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
<m></m>
<gloss><q>well!</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e517" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e749" xml:lang="ae-x-gth"><lang/>
<m></m></mentioned> emphatic enclitic particle, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e522" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e754" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<m>sma</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e528" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e760" xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
<m>mai</m>
<gloss>particle in optative and interrogative expressions</gloss></mentioned>,
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e535" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e767" xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
<m>ma</m>
<gloss><q>as for</q>, <q>but</q> an enclitic particle</gloss></mentioned>. Cf., from
another direction, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e544" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e778" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>ma</w>
<gloss><q>here you are!</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>IV 1985</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
<biblScope>895</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e565" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e799" xml:lang="tg" extralang="isk sgh x-rushani yai"><lang/>
<w>ma</w>
<gloss><q>here you are! take it!</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <oRef/>
<gloss><q>still</q> etc.</gloss> should be separated from the hortative <oRef/> and
connected with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ma_3"/> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æma</w>, <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmæ</w>
<gloss><q>and</q></gloss></ref>, therefore, reconstructed to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e596" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e828" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w type="rec">hama</w></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2268e834"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e603" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e835" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>m<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220601T000929+0300" comment="vowel length?"?>ā<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e612" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e844" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>mʼ</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>thus</q></gloss></mentioned> (← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e621" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e852" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hama-aθa</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
<biblScope>§ 397</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e631" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e863" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>hamaθa</w>
<gloss><q>also</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Ws. Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr. </ref>
<biblScope>38</biblScope>)</bibl> reconstructs both meanings to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e648" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e880" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mat</w>
<gloss><q>together</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>jointly</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e660" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e892" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>mat</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e665" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e897" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>smat</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e671" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e903" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>ma</w>
<gloss>emphatic particle <q>as for</q>, <q>after all</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e684" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e916" xml:lang="ce"><phr>so-ma</phr>
<gloss><q>as for me</q></gloss></mentioned> and so on)</note></mentioned> possibly
comes from Ossetic. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e694" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e923" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
<w>mar</w>
<gloss><q>still</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>already</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>even</q></gloss>,
<gloss>hortative particle</gloss>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2268e942"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e715" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e943" xml:lang="hu"><phr>gyere
mar</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2268e718" xml:id="mentioned_d2268e946" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<phr>cū ma</phr></mentioned>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">come
on</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> also belongs here (with augmented
<c>-r</c>).</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>