153 lines
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12 KiB
XML
153 lines
No EOL
12 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pysyra</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
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<p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
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</publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_pysyra" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d4598e68" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>pysyra</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4598e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>pursa</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4598e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d4598e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крапива</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>nettle</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4598e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Utrica urens</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Utrica urens</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4598e94">
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<example xml:id="example_d4598e96">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sīsy fale wyd xūrvars; am mīt raǵy batad æmæ
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ʒy cʼæxcʼæxidaj k˳ybyr ysdardtoj pysyratæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">за стеной была солнечная сторона; здесь снег
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давно стаял и яркозелеными почками показалась крапива</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there was a sunny side behind the wall; the
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snow had melted here for a long time and nettles appeared in bright green buds</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1957 III 26</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d4598e119">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæd īw pysyrajy kʼuʒi ssardton, wæd īw ʒy
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awwærc kodton æmæ ūmæj cardtæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если я находил кустик крапивы, то делал из нее
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwærc">æwwærc</ref> (размятый в руках комок) и этим
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жил</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if I found a nettle bush, I made an <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwærc">æwwærc</ref> (a lump crushed in the hands) and lived
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like that</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>147</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d4598e148">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">walʒæg ralæwwyd, xor ysk˳ynæg īs; x˳yskʼæl,
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pysyra nyr sæ fyngæværd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">настала весна, хлеба стало мало; теперь клубни
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кервеля и крапива — их угощение (<q>накрытый стол</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spring has come, bread has become scarce; now
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chervil tubers and nettles are their treat (<q>a set table</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
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<biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d4598e175" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tærsgæj pursati suǧdi tæxstæj…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">боясь боли от ожога крапивой…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fearing the pain of a nettle burn…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
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<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d4598e201">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">twallag pysyrajæ suʒagdær</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">более жгучий, чем туальская крапива</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">more burning than the Tual nettle</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/></bibl> сближает с
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e327" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e224" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>petšör</w>, <w>pečör</w>
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<gloss><q>крапива</q></gloss></mentioned>, причем считает слово иранским, заимствованным
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в восточнофинские. Иранский прототип он восстанавливает в виде <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e337" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e234" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pasra-</w></mentioned> (следуя теории <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Andreas</hi>’a о древнеиранском вокализме, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/></bibl> восстанавливает <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e347" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e244" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">posro-</w></mentioned>) и привлекает <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e352" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e249" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>pāśa-</w>, <gloss><q>веревка</q>, <q>петля</q></gloss></mentioned> (приводятся данные
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о том, что крапива шла на изготовление веревок, сетей и пр.). При этом автор упускает из
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виду, что иранский начальный <c>p</c> неизменно дает в осетинском <c>f</c>. Да и с
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вокализмом получается не очень складно. Из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e366" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e263" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pasra-</w></mentioned> ожидали бы <w type="rec">færs</w>, а не <oRef/> и не
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<oRef>pursa</oRef>. Поэтому, оставляя в силе сближение <oRef/> с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e380" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e277" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>petšör</w></mentioned> следует искать этимологию скорее на урало-алтайской почве. В
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частности, дигорская форма pursa разительно близка к названию гороха в угро-финских и
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тюркских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e387" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e282" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
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<w>pursa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e392" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e287" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>borsó</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e398" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e292" xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
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<w>părśa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e403" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e298" xml:lang="nog"><lang/>
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<w>buršak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e408" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e303" xml:lang="ba"><lang/>
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<w>borsak</w></mentioned> и пр. — Из дигорского идет <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e413" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e308" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>mursa</w>
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<gloss><q>крапива</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
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<biblScope>22 сл., 87 сл.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/></bibl> brings the word
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closer to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e224" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e327" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>petšör</w>, <w>pečör</w>
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<gloss><q>nettle</q></gloss></mentioned>, moreover, he considers the word to be Iranian,
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borrowed from Eastern Finnish. He restores the Iranian prototype in the form of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e234" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e337" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pasra-</w></mentioned> (following the <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Andreas</hi>’s theory about about ancient Iranian vocalism,
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/></bibl> reconstructs <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e244" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e347" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">posro-</w></mentioned>) and involves <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e249" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e352" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>pāśa-</w>, <gloss><q>rope</q>, <q>loop</q></gloss></mentioned> (data are given that
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nettles were used for the manufacture of ropes, nets, etc.). At the same time, the author
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loses sight of the fact that the Iranian initial <c>p</c> invariably gives <c>f</c> in
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Ossetic. And as for vocalism, it turns out not very well. From <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e263" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e366" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pasra-</w></mentioned> one would expect <w type="rec">færs</w>, and not
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<oRef/> nor <oRef>pursa</oRef>. Therefore, leaving in force the convergence of <oRef/>
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with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e277" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e380" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>petšör</w></mentioned> it is necessary to look for etymology rather on the
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Ural-Altaic background. In particular, the Digor form <oRef>pursa</oRef> is strikingly
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close to the name of peas in the Finno-Ugric and Turkic languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e282" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e387" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
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<w>pursa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e287" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e392" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>borsó</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e292" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e398" xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
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<w>părśa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e298" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e403" xml:lang="nog"><lang/>
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<w>buršak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e303" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e408" xml:lang="ba"><lang/>
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<w>borsak</w></mentioned> etc. — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4598e308" xml:id="mentioned_d4598e413" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>mursa</w>
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<gloss><q>nettle</q></gloss> comes from Ossetic</mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
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<biblScope>22 ff., 87 ff.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |