287 lines
No EOL
21 KiB
XML
287 lines
No EOL
21 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
||
<teiHeader>
|
||
<fileDesc>
|
||
<titleStmt>
|
||
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">synt_1</hi></title>
|
||
</titleStmt>
|
||
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
||
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
||
<sourceDesc>
|
||
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
||
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
||
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
||
</sourceDesc>
|
||
</fileDesc>
|
||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
||
</tagsDecl>
|
||
</encodingDesc>
|
||
</teiHeader>
|
||
<text>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<entry xml:id="entry_synt_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
|
||
<form xml:id="form_d1056e66" type="lemma"><orth>synt</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>ворон</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>raven</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>Corvus corax</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>Corvus corax</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūdonæn sæ ræǧaw æfsænʒyx bīræǧ æmæ æfsænʒyx
|
||
<oRef>synt</oRef> æmæ æfsænʒyx wyrs qaqqænæg wydysty</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сторожами их табуна были железнорылый волк,
|
||
ворон с железным клювом и железномордый жеребец</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their herd was guarded by an iron-nosed wolf,
|
||
an iron-beaked raven, and an iron-faced stallion</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОТ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>81</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fos, qomæj īw dær nal fervæzt, syrdty,
|
||
<oRef>syntyty</oRef> xælættag festy</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из мелкого и крупного скота никто не спасся,
|
||
они стали добычей зверей, воронов</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from small and large livestock, no one left
|
||
alive, they became the prey of animals and ravens</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>44</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ saw ʒykkatæ — <oRef>synty</oRef>
|
||
bazyraw</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее черные косы — как вороново крыло</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">her black braids are like a ravenʼs wing</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ cæst dyn saw <oRef>synt</oRef> yskʼaxʒæn
|
||
rajsom</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твой глаз черный ворон выклюет завтра</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">your eye will be pecked out by a black raven
|
||
tomorrow</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
|
||
<biblScope>179</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr syn sæ qambūl cæstytæ ʽmæ sæ syrx wadūltæ
|
||
<oRef>syntytæ</oRef> ʽmæ rūvæstæn næ nywwaʒʒynæn</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь я не оставлю их большие глаза и румяные
|
||
щеки воронам и лисицам</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now I will not leave their big eyes and ruddy
|
||
cheeks to ravens and foxes</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
||
<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sawǵyntæ sæ pælæzty badtysty fynǵy sær, dywwæ
|
||
<oRef>synty</oRef> xolyjyl k˳yd bag˳ybyr oj, æmæ xordtoj</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">попы в своих рясах сидели во главе стола
|
||
подобно двум воронам, склонившимся над падалью, и ели</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">priests sat at the head of the table in their
|
||
cassocks, like two ravens bent over carrion, and were eating</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
|
||
<biblScope>129</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zumægon cʼewtæ æncæ: xalon, cʼax, bælæw,
|
||
ǧædkʼwær, ʒæǧinʒæg, <oRef>sunt</oRef> æma ændærtæ</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зимние птицы суть: ворона, галка, голубь,
|
||
дятел, сорока, ворон и другие</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">winter birds are: raven, jackdaw, dove,
|
||
woodpecker, magpie, raven and others</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 19</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tujǧantæmæ ku fæwwoʒænæj <oRef>sunt</oRef>-
|
||
fædeson, xalon-ǧærgænæg</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворон будет звать Тугановых на тревогу, ворона
|
||
будет к ним траурным вестником</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the raven will alarm Tuganovs, the crow will
|
||
be a mourning herald to them</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из песни о
|
||
гибели Татаркана Туганова</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from a song about
|
||
the death of Tatarkan Tuganov</note>: <ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ saw ærfgutæ — <oRef>sunti</oRef>
|
||
bazurtaw</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее черные брови — как крылья ворона</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">her black eyebrows are like ravenʼs wings</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 24</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Istur Digori xonxæj saw <oRef>sunt</oRef>
|
||
rataxtæj, — saw sunt n’ adtæj, Qarabuǧati mingi Qarabuǧa adtæj</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с горы Стур Дигора вылетел черный ворон, — то
|
||
был не черный ворон, то был малый Карабуга Карабугаев</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a black raven flew out from Mount Stur Digor —
|
||
it was not a black raven, it was small Karabuga Karabugaev</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Надежные соответствия в восточноиранских языках: <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>šönd</w>, <w>ṣ̌εnd</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Shaw"/>
|
||
<biblScope>243</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 543</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lorimer"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 234</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="khw"><lang/>
|
||
<note type="comment">(из ваханского?)</note>
|
||
<w>ṣ̌onthu</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Rep._Afgh."/>
|
||
<biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>441</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1939 VII 662</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ṣṣundā-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Leumann"/>
|
||
<biblScope>509</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>178</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1942 X 585</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. По догадке <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Томашка</hi>, восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">śwanta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">spanta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>священный</q></gloss></mentioned>: <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">священная, вещая птица</q></gloss>, птица Митры, Аполлона, Одина. Но <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">śwanta-</w></mentioned> отражено в сакском в виде <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>śśanda-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
|
||
<biblScope>VI 336</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Konow</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/><biblScope>178</biblScope></bibl>) сближает <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śśanda-</w></mentioned> с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>srvant-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>подкрадывающийся (зверь)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Можно высказать — со всей
|
||
осторожностью — еще одно предположение: возводить рассматриваемое слово к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">syāvavant-</w> →<w type="rec">syāvant-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>syāva-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>черный</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. Образования на
|
||
<c>-vant-</c> от имен прилагательных известны (<quote><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 2 877</biblScope></bibl>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Plеоnastisch
|
||
findet sich -vant- gelegentlich hinter Adjektivstämmen ohne neues
|
||
Bedeutungsmoment</q></quote>), например <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nīlavavant-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nīla-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>темно-синий</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. Не рискованно ли
|
||
допустить столь сильное стяжение: <w type="rec">syāvavant-</w> → <oRef>sunt</oRef>? Думаю,
|
||
что не более рискованно, чем, скажем, стяжение <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/><w type="rec"> (h)uvaipašiya</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xīš</w></mentioned> (см.: <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Syncope in Greek
|
||
and Indo- European. Naples</title>, <pubPlace>Naples</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 359 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Тенденция к сужению гласных
|
||
перед носовыми могла быть добавочным фактором превращения <w type="rec">syāvant-</w> в
|
||
<oRef>sunt</oRef>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 168</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
|
||
<biblScope>771—772</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>543</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
||
<biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Indian Linguistics</title>
|
||
<biblScope>XXI 3</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT">KhT</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>VI 352</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">There are robust correspondences in Eastern Iranian languages:
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>šönd</w>, <w>ṣ̌εnd</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>raven</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Shaw"/>
|
||
<biblScope>243</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 543</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lorimer"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 234</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="khw"><lang/>
|
||
<note type="comment">(from Wakhan?)</note>
|
||
<w>ṣ̌onthu</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Rep._Afgh."/>
|
||
<biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>441</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1939 VII 662</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ṣṣundā-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>raven</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Leumann"/>
|
||
<biblScope>509</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>178</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1942 X 585</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. As guessed by <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Tomashek</hi>, it goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">śwanta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">spanta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sacred</q></gloss></mentioned>: <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">sacred, prophetic bird</q></gloss>, bird of Mitra, Apollo, Odin. However, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">śwanta-</w></mentioned> reflected in Saka in the form <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>śśanda-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
|
||
<biblScope>VI 336</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Konow</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/><biblScope>178</biblScope></bibl>) brings together <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śśanda-</w></mentioned> with <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>srvant-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>creeping (animal)</q></gloss></mentioned>. We can make, with all caution, one
|
||
more suggestion: to trace the word in question back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">syāvavant-</w> →<w type="rec">syāvant-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>syāva-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>black</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. Deadjectival derivations
|
||
with <c>-vant-</c> are well-known (<quote><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 2 877</biblScope></bibl>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Pleonastisch
|
||
findet sich -vant- gelegentlich hinter Adjektivstämmen ohne neues
|
||
Bedeutungsmoment</q></quote>), e.g., <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nīlavavant-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nīla-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>dark blue</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. Isnʼt it risky to
|
||
allow such a strong contraction: <w type="rec">syāvavant-</w> → <oRef>sunt</oRef>? I do
|
||
not think that this is more risky than, say, contraction of <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/><w type="rec"> (h)uvaipašiya</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xīš</w></mentioned> (see: <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Syncope in Greek
|
||
and Indo- European. Naples</title>, <pubPlace>Naples</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 359 ff.</biblScope></bibl>). The tendency for vowels to
|
||
narrow before nasals may have been an additional factor in the transformation of <w type="rec">syāvant-</w> to <oRef>sunt</oRef>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 168</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
|
||
<biblScope>771—772</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>543</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
||
<biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Indian Linguistics</title>
|
||
<biblScope>XXI 3</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT">KhT</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>VI 352</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |