296 lines
No EOL
20 KiB
XML
296 lines
No EOL
20 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tu</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tu" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d3854e66" type="lemma"><orth>tu</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3854e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>плевок</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>spit (n.)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tu kænyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>tutæ
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kænyn</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плевать</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spit (v.)</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_listuq" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>listuq</w>
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<gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lixsun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>lixsun</w>
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<gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></ref>. — По народным поверьям, плевку в определенных
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случаях приписывалось апотропеическое значение, как средству против «дурного глаза»</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_listuq" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>listuq</w>
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<gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lixsun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>lixsun</w>
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<gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></ref>. — According to popular beliefs, in certain cases,
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spitting was attributed an apotropaic meaning, as a remedy against the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">evil eye</q></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">G˳yrʒyxan jæ fæstæ <oRef>atutæ</oRef>
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kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Гурдзыхан поплевался ему вслед</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Gurdzykhan spat
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T014535+0300" comment="??"?>after
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him<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azaw kærʒyny mūr jæ ʒyxy bakodta, fælæ...
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anyqq˳yryn jæ bon nal wyd æmæ jæ fæstæmæ jæ kʼūxmæ <oRef>ratu</oRef> kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Азау сунула в рот крошку хлеба, но уже не
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смогла ее проглотить и выплюнула ее обратно в руку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azaw put a crumb of bread in her mouth, but she
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could not swallow it anymore and spat it back into her hand</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don sæm næ wydīs aftæmæj yssadyl
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<oRef>tutæ</oRef> kodtoj æmæ jæ aftæmæj yzmæstoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у них не было воды, и они плевали на муку и
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таким образом ее замешивали</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they had no water, and they spat on the flour
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and thus kneaded it</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dwaryl <oRef>batu</oRef> kænūt</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плюньте на дверь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spit on the door</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūj <oRef>atu</oRef> kodta zæxxmæ, jæ
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<oRef>tu</oRef> syǵytīmæ syzmæsta æmæ ūcy syǵytæj bajsærstæ k˳yrmæn jæ
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cæstytæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он плюнул на землю, сделал брение из плюновения
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и помазал брением глаза слепому</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he spat on the ground, and made clay of the
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spittle, and he anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Иоанн"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">9</hi> 6</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soltan <oRef>ærtutæ</oRef> kodta jæ kʼūxtyl
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æmæ kʼæbælyl nyxxæcyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Солтан поплевал на руки и схватился за дрюк</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soltan spat on his hands and grabbed the
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T014720+0300" comment="дрюк????"?>pole<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kalmy komy xæfs ḱī fena, wælxūr stʼaly, ūdon
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<oRef>tu</oRef> xorz æxx˳ys kæny</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто увидит во рту змеи лягушку, над солнцем
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звезду, плевок тех хорошо помогает (против дурного глаза)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">who sees a frog in the mouth of a snake, a star
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above the sun, the spit of those helps well (against the evil eye)</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæsti arfægænæg... suvællonbæl
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<oRef>batutæ</oRef> kænuj, cænxi kʼærtt ba arti rakænuj, ma e ku nikʼkʼærccitæ kæna,
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wædta ǧæræj isʒoruj: cæstægænægi cæstæ ojaw fætʼtʼæpp wæd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">заклинательница против (дурного) глаза плюет на
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ребенка, кладет кусок соли в огонь, и когда он (кусок соли) трескается, она громко
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говорит: пусть так же лопнет глаз сглазчика</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the caster against the (evil) eye spits on the
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child, puts a piece of salt in the fire, and when it (the piece of salt) cracks, she
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says loudly: let the eye of the person who jinxed them burst in the same way</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 173</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xwasʒawtæ bajragmæ kæsunæj ne ʽfsastæncæ;
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cuma in fæccæstudæj tarstæncæ otæ ibæl <oRef>batutæ</oRef> kænioncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">косари не могли наглядеться на жеребенка; точно
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опасаясь для него сглаза, они поплевывали на него</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the mowers could not see enough of the colt; as
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if fearing the evil eye for him, they spat on him</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1958 III 25</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Звукоподражание, повторяющееся с вариациями в различных генетически не
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связанных языках, в частности индоевропейских: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>tuf</w>, <w>tuh</w>
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<gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><phr>tuf zadan</phr>
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<gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>tu</w>
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<gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><phr>tu kirin</phr>
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<gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>tū</w>
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<gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w>tūkəl</w>
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<gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>tü</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="khw"><lang/>
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<w>thuru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>thūthū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pra"><lang/>
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<w>thukka-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
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<w>thūk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mr" extralang="pa"><lang/>
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<w>thū</w>, <w>thūk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>tuk</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
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<biblScope>778</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Kretschmer</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
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<biblScope>XXI 439</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Rep._Afgh."/>
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<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
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<biblScope>348, № 6102</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В кавказских:
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>tujze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>tudu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>tunkʼes</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>tfujar</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
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<w>tutu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tkr" extralang="rut"><lang/>
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<w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
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<w>tubus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>tuj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>tug</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>слюна</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же
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<mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang/>
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<w>tu</w>
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<gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-anat"><lang>тюрк.
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(анат)</lang>
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<w>tükür-</w>
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<gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сопоставление ос. <oRef>tu</oRef> с
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>ṣṭhīvami</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>πτύω</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>плюю</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Hübschmann</author></bibl>,
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<bibl><author>Вс. Миллер</author></bibl>) имеет лишь идеофонический, а не
|
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этимологический смысл. — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_listuq" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang>Д.</lang>
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<w>listuq</w>
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<gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></ref>, вероятно, из <w>lixs-tuq-</w>, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lixsun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>59–60</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>III 168</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Onomatopoeia, repeated with variations in various genetically unrelated
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languages, in particular Indo-European: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>tuf</w>, <w>tuh</w>
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<gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><phr>tuf
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zadan</phr>
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<gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>tu</w>
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<gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><phr>tu
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kirin</phr>
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<gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>tū</w>
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<gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w>tūkəl</w>
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<gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>tü</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="khw"><lang/>
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<w>thuru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>thūthū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pra"><lang/>
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<w>thukka-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
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<w>thūk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mr" extralang="pa"><lang/>
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<w>thū</w>, <w>thūk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>tuk</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
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<biblScope>778</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Kretschmer</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
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<biblScope>XXI 439</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
|
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<biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Rep._Afgh."/>
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<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
|
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<biblScope>348, № 6102</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. In Caucasian
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languages: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>tujze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>tudu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>tunkʼes</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>tfujar</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
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<w>tutu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tkr" extralang="rut"><lang/>
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<w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
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<w>tubus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>tuj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tug</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>saliva</q></gloss></mentioned>. See here also
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tu</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-anat"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tükür-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>. The comparison of Ossetic <oRef>tu</oRef>
|
||
with <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ṣṭhīvami</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>πτύω</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>I spit</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Hübschmann</author></bibl>,
|
||
<bibl><author>Ws. Miller</author></bibl>) it has only an ideophonic, not an
|
||
etymological meaning. — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_listuq" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
||
<w>listuq</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></ref> is probably from <w>lixs-tuq-</w>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lixsun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>59–60</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 168</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |