297 lines
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20 KiB
XML
297 lines
No EOL
20 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wīdag</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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||
</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
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||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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||
</encodingDesc>
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||
</teiHeader>
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||
<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_wīdag" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d4851e66" type="lemma"><orth>wīdag</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4851e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>корень</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>root</q>
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</abv:tr>
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||
</sense>
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||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
||
<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bælas ūm nal īs, — mælʒyǵytæ jyn jæ
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<oRef>wīdag</oRef> axordtoj, æmæ rakaldī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дерева там больше нет, — муравьи сгрызли его
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корень, и оно повалилось</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the tree is no longer there: ants gnawed its
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root, and it fell down</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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||
<biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bærzond fæcyd tægær bælas, dard ajtyǧta jæ
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kʼabæztæ, arf awaǧta jæ <oRef>wīdægtæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">высоко поднялся клен, далеко раскинул свои
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ветви, глубоко пустил свои корни</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a maple tree grew high, spread its branches
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far, put down roots deep</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
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<biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wīdagmæ</oRef> ænkʼ˳ysync saw qædy
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bælastæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">до корня качаются деревья черного леса</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">trees of the black forest sway up to the
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roots</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Антология_поэзии"/>
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<biblScope>I 221</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">waǧylyjy kʼūtær jæ <oRef>wīdægtæm</oRef>
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qærzy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">куст шиповника стонет до своих корней</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a rosehip bush moans (all) up to its roots</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<date>1969</date>
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<biblScope>XI 3</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw <oRef>wīdagæj</oRef> dywwæ bælasy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из одного корня (выросли) два дерева</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from one root (grew) two trees</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>170</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næj syn <oRef>wīdag</oRef>, æmæ fældūræǵǵyn
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sty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не имеют в себе корня и непостоянны</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">have no root in themselves, and so endure but
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for a time</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 17</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæjug stur bælasæ æd <oRef>jedægtæ</oRef>
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studta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ваюг вырвал c корнями большое дерево</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><foreign><ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæjyg">wæjug</ref></foreign> pulled out a big tree with the roots</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>2<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">11–12</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(meti buni) xalsartæn næ basujʒænæj sæ
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<oRef>wedagæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(под снегом) у растений не замерзнет корень</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(under snow) plants' root don't freeze</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
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<biblScope>I 18</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæn medægæ saw tog næ tæʒuj, — dæn
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<oRef>wedagæ</oRef> Tægærtæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">во мне не течет черная кровь, — я по корню
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(происхождению) из Тагаровых</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in me flows not a black (commoner's) blood, —
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my root is Tægærov (family)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <w type="rec">waitāka-</w> от корня <w type="rec">wai-</w>,
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и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">wei-</w>
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<gloss><q>вить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>скручивать</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>гнуть</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1120—1122</biblScope></bibl>). Тонкие корни использовались для связывания. Не
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должно поэтому удивлять, что точное соответствие осетинскому слову мы находим в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang>согдийском</lang> в значении <gloss><q>веревка</q></gloss>: <w type="rec">wītāk</w> (<w>wytʼk</w>), мн. ч. <w>wytʼkt</w></mentioned> = ос.
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<oRef>wīdægtæ</oRef> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Муг"/>
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<biblScope>II 48, 66</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Смирнова</author>. <title>Карта
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верховий Зерашвана по Мугским документам</title>. <publisher>Междунар. конгресс
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востоковедов. Докл. делегации CСCP</publisher>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
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<date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр. 6</biblScope></bibl>). Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>wīta</w>
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<gloss><q>веревка</q></gloss></mentioned>. С формантом <c>-ti-</c> (<w type="rec">waiti-</w>) этот же корень представлен в иранских языках в значении
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<gloss><q>лоза</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ива</q></gloss>: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>bid</w>, (диал.) <w>vīd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>wēd</w>, <w>wēt</w>
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<gloss><q>ива</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Salix</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>wēd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>widg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>wet</w>
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<gloss><q>лоза</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
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<w>wīye</w>
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<gloss><q>корень</q></gloss> (<w type="rec">waitya-</w>)</mentioned>
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(<bibl><author>Elfenbein</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
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<date>1967</date>
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<biblScope>XXV 599</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>vaeiti-</w>
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<gloss><q>ива</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang>Афг.</lang>
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<w>wala</w>
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<gloss><q>ива</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>) отражает скорее <w type="rec">waⁱta-</w>, чем <w type="rec">waiti-</w>, так же как <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>bāta</w>
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<gloss><q>корень</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
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<date>1940</date>
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<biblScope>VIII 119</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
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<biblScope>461</biblScope></bibl>). — Напрашивается на сближение <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang>скифское</lang> имя <w>Bιδαχης</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>186</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. далее <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>veta-</w>, <w>vetasa-</w>
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<gloss><q>вид камыша</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Calamus Rotang</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>větvь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>ветвь</w>, <w>ветка</w>, <w>ветла</w>
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<gloss><q>ива</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>vytis</w>
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<gloss><q>прут</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лоза</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>wīda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Weide</w>
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<gloss><q>ива</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>vītis</w>
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<gloss><q>виноградная лоза</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἰτέα</w>
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<gloss><q>ива</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang>Тохар.</lang>
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<w>witsako</w>
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<gloss><q>корень</q></gloss></mentioned> усвоено из скифского, когда <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">пратохары</q> жили еще в Восточной Европе в соседстве со
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скифами (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>123, 137</biblScope></bibl>). Написание <c>ts</c> может отражать <c>t</c> или
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<c>d</c>, <c>dh</c> (<bibl><author>Werner Winter</author>. <title>Die Vertretung
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indogermanischer Dentale im Tocharischen</title>. <title>IF 67</title>,
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<biblScope>стр. 16—35</biblScope></bibl>). Из аланского идет, возможно, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>ideg</w>
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<gloss><q>ремень</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>нерв</q></gloss></mentioned> (иначе: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MNTESz."/>
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<biblScope>II 186</biblScope></bibl>). См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wīs_1"/> и
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wīdyg"/>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <title>Ambages
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Indoiranicae</title>. <publisher>AION</publisher>
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<date>1959</date>
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<biblScope>I 116—117</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <w type="rec">waitāka-</w> from the root <w type="rec">wai-</w>, Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">wei-</w>
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<gloss><q>weave</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>twist</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>bend</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1120—1122</biblScope></bibl>). Thin roots were used for binding. Therefore,
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it mustn't be surprising that a precise correspondence to the Ossetic word we find in
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<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/> in the meaning <gloss><q>rope</q></gloss>: <w type="rec">wītāk</w> (<w>wytʼk</w>), pl. <w>wytʼkt</w></mentioned> = Ossetic
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<oRef>wīdægtæ</oRef> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Муг"/>
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<biblScope>II 48, 66</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Smirnova</author>. <title>Karta
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verxovij Zeravšana po Mugskim dokumentam</title> [<title>The map of Zeravshan's
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headwaters according to the Mug documents</title>]. <publisher>The international
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congress of orientalists. The talk of the USSR delegation</publisher>.
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<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>p. 6</biblScope></bibl>).
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The cognate is also <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>wīta</w>
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<gloss><q>rope</q></gloss></mentioned>. With the formant <c>-ti-</c> (<w type="rec">waiti-</w>) the same root is present in Iranian languages in the meaning
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<gloss><q>vine</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>willow</q></gloss>: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>bid</w>, (dialectal) <w>vīd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>wēd</w>, <w>wēt</w>
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<gloss><q>willow</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Salix</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>wēd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>widg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>wet</w>
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<gloss><q>vine</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
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<w>wīye</w>
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<gloss><q>root</q></gloss> (<w type="rec">waitya-</w>)</mentioned>
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(<bibl><author>Elfenbein</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
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<date>1967</date>
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<biblScope>XXV 599</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>vaeiti-</w>
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<gloss><q>willow</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>wala</w>
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<gloss><q>willow</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>) reflects more likely <w type="rec">waⁱta-</w>, than <w type="rec">waiti-</w>, in the same way as <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>bāta</w>
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<gloss><q>root</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
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<date>1940</date>
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<biblScope>VIII 119</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
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<biblScope>461</biblScope></bibl>). — <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/> name
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<w>Bιδαχης</w></mentioned> is very likely to be close to these words (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>186</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. further <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>veta-</w>, <w>vetasa-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>type of reed</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Calamus Rotang</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>větvь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vetv'</w>, <w>vetka</w>, <w>vetla</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>willow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vytis</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>rod</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vine</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>wīda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Weide</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>willow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vītis</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>grapevine</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ἰτέα</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>willow</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>witsako</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>root</q></gloss></mentioned> is borrowed from Scythian, when <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ancient Tocharians</q> still lived in the Eastern Europe
|
||
in the neighborhood with Scythians (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>123, 137</biblScope></bibl>). The writing <c>ts</c> may reflect <c>t</c> or
|
||
<c>d</c>, <c>dh</c> (<bibl><author>Werner Winter</author>. <title>Die Vertretung
|
||
indogermanischer Dentale im Tocharischen</title>. <title>IF 67</title>, <biblScope>p.
|
||
16—35</biblScope></bibl>). From Alanian is borrowed, perhaps,the <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ideg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>belt</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>nerve</q></gloss></mentioned> (alias: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MNTESz."/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 186</biblScope></bibl>). See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wīs_1"/>
|
||
and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wīdyg"/>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
||
<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <title>Ambages
|
||
Indoiranicae</title>. <publisher>AION</publisher>
|
||
<date>1959</date>
|
||
<biblScope>I 116—117</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |