335 lines
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20 KiB
XML
335 lines
No EOL
20 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xarʒ_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xarʒ_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230922T233858+0300" comment="Russian checked" id="nst_zyl_wyb"?>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230923T011251+0300" parentID="nst_zyl_wyb" comment="English checked" mid="1"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5187e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xarʒ</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="1"?>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xarz</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5187e69">
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>расход</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>expense</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>трата</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>spending</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>все необходимое</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>everything needed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пóдать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tribute</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xarʒ kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тратить</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to spend</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>расходовать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to expend</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>mæ xarʒæj</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">за мой счет</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">at my
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expense</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælxas"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælxas"/></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zymæǵy <oRef>xarʒ</oRef> fosæn cy q˳yd —
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qæmpæj, xosæj — ūj īwyldær mūsy mīdæg æværd wyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зимний расход (кормов) для скота — солома, сено
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— все это было сложено в гумне</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">winter expense (of feed) for cattle — straw,
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hay — all this was put in the barn</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bæxdony… dywwadæs æfsūrǧy… stæj xæcængærʒtæ,
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baræǵy <oRef>xarʒ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в конюшне (находились) двенадцать чудо-коней…
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затем оружие, все, что нужно для всадника</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in the stable [there were] twelve miracle
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horses… then weapons, everything needed for a horseman</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 19</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lægæn jæ <oRef>xarʒ</oRef> cy wa, ūmæn yn tas
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næw</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">доля (добычи), которая (предназначена)
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человеку, не уйдет от него (<q>можно за нее не опасаться</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the part (of a
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prey) that is (meant) for a person will not pass them by (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">one may not worry about it</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ <oRef>xærʒtæ</oRef> banymadton</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я подсчитал свои расходы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I counted my expenses</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæsg˳yty x˳ylfmæ kæræʒijæn
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230922T234455+0300" comment="NB: клауза без коррелята"?>cy<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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rakodtaikkoj, ʒæǧæly toppyxos <oRef>xarʒ</oRef> kodtoj ændær</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(стреляя) в башни, что (какой вред) они могли
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причинить друг другу, только зря тратили порох</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(shooting) at towers, whatever (whichever harm)
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could they cause to each other, [they] only spent their gunpowder in vain</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>165</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sarmaʒany næmg˳ytæ jæm cydæriddær wyd,
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<oRef>baxarʒ</oRef> sæ kodta Berilev, fælæ mæsygæj dūr-ysqīs næ xawd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">все пушечные снаряды, которые были у Берилева,
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он истратил, но от башни не отпадало ни кусочка камня</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whatever cannon shells Berilev had, he had
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spent them all, but no piece of stone fell from the tower</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>267</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wazal skʼæti ǧogæn æ xwærujnag
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230922T234629+0300" comment="NB: интересная аналитическая конструкция"?>fuldær
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cæwuj <oRef>xarzgond</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в холодном хлеву для коровы тратится больше
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корма</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in a cold barn one needs to spend more feed for
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a cow</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">raxaston fændagmæ mæ
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<oRef>xarz</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я взял на дорогу все необходимое</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I took everything I needed for the road</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
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<biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">balxænetæ tukanti fonʒ mardæj
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<oRef>xarz</oRef> mærdʒægtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">купите в лавках погребальные одежды,
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необходимые для пяти покойников</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">buy in shops the burial clothes needed for five
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dead people</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
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<biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">balcij <oRef>xarz</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">все нужное на поездку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">everything needed for a trip</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
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<biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kodtoncæ sæ kurdi <oRef>xarz</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они готовили все необходимое для кузнеца</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they prepared everything needed for a
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blacksmith</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/>
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<biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xarǰ</w>
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<gloss><q>расход</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>трата</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>издержки</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/>
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<biblScope>I 286</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<phr>xarǰ kardan</phr>
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<note type="comment">= oc. <oRef>xarʒ kænyn</oRef></note>
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<gloss><q>тратить</q></gloss></mentioned>. Широко распространено не только в
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мусульманском мире, но и у некоторых христианских народов. Многообразно. Переплетаются
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значения <gloss><q>расход</q></gloss> и <gloss><q>пóдать</q></gloss>. ( Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>xarǰ</w>, <w>xaraǰ</w>
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<gloss><q>пóдать</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
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<biblScope>155</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xarǰi</w>
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<gloss><q>расход</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>трата</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>xarǰi</w>
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<gloss><q>харчи</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>еда</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ужин</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Сван."/>
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<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>xarž</w>
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<gloss><q>расход</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>xarž</w>
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<gloss><q>пóдать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жалованье</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>xarǰ</w>
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<gloss><q>пóдать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>харчи</w>, <w>харчевать</w>, <w>харчевня</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
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<w>харч</w></mentioned>. Значение <gloss><q>пóдать</q></gloss> связано с <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xarāǰ</w>
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<gloss><q>пóдать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дань</q></gloss></mentioned> того же корня.
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Семитское происхождение слова не вызывает сомнений (<mentioned xml:lang="arc"><lang/>
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<w>halāk</w>
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<gloss><q>подать</q></gloss></mentioned>). Но на иранской почве документируется уже с
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III в. н. э. и, возможно, заимствовано еще в древнеперсидскую эпоху; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>harāɣ</w>, <w>harāǵ</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>. <title>Arabisch harāǵ</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
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<biblScope>XIV 355—357</biblScope></bibl>. — См. также:
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<bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Iranica V</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
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<biblScope>V 369</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xarǰ</w>
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<gloss><q>consuption</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>expense</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>costs</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/>
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<biblScope>I 286</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<phr>xarǰ kardan</phr></mentioned> = Ossetic <oRef>xarʒ kænyn</oRef>
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<gloss><q>to spend</q></gloss>. It is widely represented not only in the Muslim world, but
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also among some Christian peoples. The semantics of this word is diverse. The meanings
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<gloss><q>expense</q></gloss> and <gloss><q>tribute</q></gloss> are interwoven. ( Cf.
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<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>xarǰ</w>, <w>xaraǰ</w>
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<gloss><q>tribute</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
|
||
<biblScope>155</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xarǰi</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>expence</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>consuption</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xarǰi</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>grub</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>food</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>supper</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Сван."/>
|
||
<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="ce"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xarž</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>expense</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xarž</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tribute</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>salary</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xarǰ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tribute</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cognates are <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xarči</w>, <w>xarčevat'</w>, <w>xarčevnja</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xarč</w></mentioned>. The meaning <gloss><q>tribute</q></gloss> is connected with
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xarāǰ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tribute</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>assessment</q></gloss></mentioned>, from the
|
||
same root. The Semitic origin of this word is not in doubt (<mentioned xml:lang="arc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>halāk</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tribute</q></gloss></mentioned>). But in Iranian it is documented already in
|
||
the 3rd century AD, and it could have been borrowed during the Old Persian period; cf.
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>harāɣ</w>, <w>harāǵ</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>. <title>Arabisch harāǵ</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>XIV 355—357</biblScope></bibl>. — See also:
|
||
<bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Iranica V</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>V 369</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |