186 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
186 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
||
<teiHeader>
|
||
<fileDesc>
|
||
<titleStmt>
|
||
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi></title>
|
||
</titleStmt>
|
||
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
||
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
||
<sourceDesc>
|
||
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
||
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
|
||
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
||
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
||
</sourceDesc>
|
||
</fileDesc>
|
||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
||
</tagsDecl>
|
||
</encodingDesc>
|
||
</teiHeader>
|
||
<text>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<entry xml:id="entry_ærzæ" xml:lang="os">
|
||
<form xml:id="form_d3517e66" type="lemma"><orth>ærzæ</orth><form xml:id="form_d3517e68" type="variant"><orth>ærʒæ</orth></form></form>
|
||
<sense xml:id="sense_d3517e71"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>несметное число</q>
|
||
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>infinite</q>
|
||
</abv:tr></sense>
|
||
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3517e81">
|
||
<abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e83">
|
||
<quote>sædæ sædæ æmæ ærzæ sædæ<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (говорится
|
||
о необъятном множестве)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
|
||
(of vast number)</note></quote>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>сто раз сто и <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ærzæ</hi> раз сто</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>take hundred hundred times and take hundred <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ærzæ</hi> times</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</abv:example>
|
||
<abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e103">
|
||
<quote>Nartæ æržæ æmæ sædæ wydysty</quote>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>Нартов было тысяча и сто</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>there were a thousand and hundred of the Narts</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
|
||
29</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</abv:example>
|
||
<abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e122">
|
||
<quote>kæd raskʼærat sædæ sædæ sædsiwættæ, æržæ sædæ īwsiwættæ…</quote>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>если вы пригоните сто раз сто сторогих (быков), тысячу раз сто
|
||
однорогих…</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>if you bring hundred of hundred-horned bulls hundred times,
|
||
one-horned bulls thousand times…</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
|
||
50</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</abv:example>
|
||
<abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e141">
|
||
<quote>sædæ sædæ æmæ ærzæ sædæ nyččagta</quote>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>он истребил сто раз сто и тысячу раз сто</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>he destroyed a hundred times hundred and a thousand times hundred</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
|
||
22</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</abv:example>
|
||
<abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e160">
|
||
<quote>Æxsærtæggati æfsædtæ ærzæ æma ærzæ mini æncæ</quote>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>войска Ахсартаговых составляют тысячу и тысячу тысяч</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>Æxsærtæggats’ army containes thousand people and thousand people
|
||
thousand times</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II 45,
|
||
183%l124%l</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</abv:example>
|
||
</abv:exampleGrp>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e314" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e182" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w>*hazahra-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>тысяча</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e322" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e190" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hazār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e327" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e195" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><lang/>
|
||
<w>azār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e332" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e200" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w>*zār(z’r)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e337" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e205" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ysāra(-*zāra)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e343" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e211" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>*azar</w></mentioned><bibl/>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e349" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e217" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>haza<hi rendition="#rend_bold">rə</hi>ra-</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e354" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e222" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sahasra-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>тысяча</q></gloss></mentioned>. Из персидского, частью, может
|
||
быть, из аланского (отсутствие начального <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi>),
|
||
слово усвоено в ряд кавказских языков: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e362" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e230" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
||
<w>azar</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e367" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e235" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
|
||
<w>āzar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e373" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e241" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
||
<w>aǧzur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e378" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e246" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ǧazur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e383" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e251" xml:lang="tab"><w>āzur</w></mentioned>; ср.
|
||
также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e386" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e254" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>azari</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сотня зверей, убитых охотником</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
||
<hi rendition="#rend_bold">(пшав.)</hi> azari („он сделал 3 азара“ = „убил 300
|
||
зверей“) (<bibl><author>Важа Пшавела.</author><biblScope>Этногр. сочинения,
|
||
1937, стр. 153</biblScope></bibl> ). Звуковая история <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e398" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e266" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ærzæ</w></mentioned>. Ударение на первом слоге в *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">házahra</hi>- повлекло редукцию, а затем
|
||
исчезновение второго гласного; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> исчезло, как
|
||
обычно (ср. <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>æncæ</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hanti</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_max"/>]; образовавшаяся в результате группа -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">zr</hi>- неизбежно подверглась метатезе -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">rz</hi>-. - Мы имеем, стало быть: *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">házahra</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azara</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">аz%rа%rrа</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azra</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi>.
|
||
Ср. вполне аналогичную картину в развитии <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e408" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e276" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kasyapa</w></mentioned>→ <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e413" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e281" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xæfs(æ)</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>лягушка</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e421" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e289" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ezēr</w></mentioned> (~ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ezre</hi>) ‘тысяча’,
|
||
если оно не унаследовано от древнейших сношений угро-финнов с арийцами (см.:
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope>Arier u
|
||
Ugro-finnen</biblScope></bibl>), могло быть усвоено из аланского. В
|
||
последнем случае мы получаем terminus ante quem nоn для вышеописанных звуковых
|
||
изменений (*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azara</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi>): эти изменения должны были произойти
|
||
после осетино-венгерского соседства, т. е. после VII—VIII в. В то время как <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi> удержалось только в эпосе в значении
|
||
неопределенного множества, для ‘тысячи’ осетинский (вместе с кабардинским)
|
||
усвоил <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e431" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e299" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
||
<w>mīn</w></mentioned> q.
|
||
v.%n<bibl><author>Munkácsi,</author><biblScope>Magyar Nyelvor, 1933,
|
||
стр. 68, 89 сл</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>22, 168, 252
|
||
прим.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e182" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e314" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w>*hazahra-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>thousand</q></gloss></mentioned>; compare <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e190" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e322" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hazār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e195" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e327" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><lang/>
|
||
<w>azār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e200" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e332" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w>*zār(z’r)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e205" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e337" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ysāra(-*zāra)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e211" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e343" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>*azar</w></mentioned><bibl/>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e217" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e349" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>haza<hi rendition="#rend_bold">rə</hi>ra-</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e222" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e354" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sahasra-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>thousand</q></gloss></mentioned>. The word was brought in a number
|
||
of Caucaus languages through Persian and maybe partly from Alan (the lack of the
|
||
initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi>): <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e230" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e362" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
||
<w>azar</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e235" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e367" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
|
||
<w>āzar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e241" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e373" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
||
<w>aǧzur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e246" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e378" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ǧazur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e251" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e383" xml:lang="tab"><w>āzur</w></mentioned>; see
|
||
also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e254" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e386" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-pshav"><lang/>
|
||
<w>azari</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>a hundred animals killed by the hunter</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
||
("he made 3 azars“ = "he killed 300 animals")
|
||
(<bibl><author>Vazha-Pshavela</author>. <title>Ètnografičeskie
|
||
sočinenija</title> [Ethnographic Works], <date>1937</date>,
|
||
<biblScope>p. 153</biblScope></bibl> ). The phonetic history of
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e266" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e398" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ærzæ</w></mentioned> is clear. The stress on the first syllable in *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">házahra</hi>- entailed the reduction and then the
|
||
loss of the second vowel; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> has been lost,
|
||
like always [compare <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>æncæ</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hanti</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_max"/>]; the group -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">zr</hi>-
|
||
which has appeared as a result of these processes underwent metathesis -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">rz</hi>-. Hence, we have: *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">házahra</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azara</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azᵃra</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azra</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi>.
|
||
Compare quite similar development in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e276" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e408" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kasyapa</w></mentioned>→ <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e281" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e413" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xæfs(æ)</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>frog</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e289" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e421" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ezēr</w></mentioned> (~ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ezre</hi>)
|
||
‘thousand’, if it was not inherited from ancient contacts of Finno-ugrians with
|
||
the Indo-Iranians (see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope>Arier u Ugro-finnen</biblScope></bibl>), could have been
|
||
borrowed from Alan. In the latter case we have <hi rendition="#rend_italic">terminus ante quem non</hi> for the sound changes decribed above (*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azara</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi>): these changes had to happen after Ossetic-Hungarian neighbourhood,
|
||
this means after VII—VIII c. While <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi> is now
|
||
retained only in the epics in the meaning of indefinite multitude, Ossetic (and
|
||
Kabardian) has borrowed <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e299" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e431" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
||
<w>mīn</w></mentioned> q. v. for
|
||
'thousand'%n<bibl><author>Munkácsi,</author><biblScope>Magyar Nyelvor,
|
||
1933, p. 68, 89ff.</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>22, 168, 252
|
||
fn.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |