281 lines
No EOL
19 KiB
XML
281 lines
No EOL
19 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
||
<teiHeader>
|
||
<fileDesc>
|
||
<titleStmt>
|
||
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syf_1</hi></title>
|
||
</titleStmt>
|
||
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
||
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
||
<sourceDesc>
|
||
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
||
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
||
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
||
</sourceDesc>
|
||
</fileDesc>
|
||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
||
</tagsDecl>
|
||
</encodingDesc>
|
||
</teiHeader>
|
||
<text>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<entry xml:id="entry_syf_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230305T132346+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
|
||
<form xml:id="form_d4789e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syf</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
||
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sifæ</orth></form>
|
||
<sense xml:id="sense_d4789e69">
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>лист</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>leaf</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в дигорском чаще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼaf6f9æ"/></note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; in Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼaf6f9æ"/> is
|
||
more frequent</note>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<form type="lemma"><orth>dūǧy syf</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подорожник</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">plantain</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>Plantago</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>Plantago</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<form type="lemma"><orth>zalmy syf</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лопух</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">burdock</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>Arctium</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>Arctium</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</re>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ iræd ū axæm: denǵyzy byl æfsæjnagæj saw
|
||
galwan, jæ cyppar fīsyny Aza-bælasy <oRef>syftæ</oRef> saǧd k˳yd wa, aftæ...
|
||
Aza-bælasy <oRef>syftæ</oRef> rakūryn qæwy mærdty bæsty xīcaw Barastyræj</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наш выкуп за невесту таков: на берегу моря
|
||
черный замок из железа, и чтобы на четырех его углах были посажены листья дерева <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Аза</hi>... листья дерева <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Аза</hi> надо выпросить у владыки царства мертвых
|
||
Барастыра</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our bride price is this: on the seashore there
|
||
is a black iron castle, and on its four corners leaves of the tree <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Aza</hi> should be planted... leaves of the tree <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Aza</hi> should be asked from the lord of the kingdom
|
||
of the dead, Barastyr</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
|
||
<biblScope>117, 118</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>syfy</oRef> felvæston æmæ jæ mæ (mard)
|
||
warzonyl asærfton: šy wydī ūj x˳yzæn festadī ūdægas</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я схватил (чудесный) лист, провел им по моей
|
||
(мертвой) возлюбленной: она стала живая, как была</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I grabbed a (wonderful) leaf, passed it over my
|
||
(dead) beloved: she became alive, as she was</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 18</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donǧærīstæj sæ īw jæ kʼalīw dony nyttʼysta;
|
||
dony ulæn kʼalīmy <oRef>syftæ</oRef> acaxsy</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из прибрежных ив одна опустила свою ветку в
|
||
реку; речная волна ловит листья ветки</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the shore willows, one lowered its branch
|
||
into the river; river wave catches the leaves of the branch</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
|
||
<biblScope>255</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tægæry <oRef>syf</oRef> zīlgæ-zīlgæ jæxī
|
||
ærwaǧta æmæ fydgænæǵy nwazæny nyxxawd</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кленовый лист, кружась, опустился и упал в
|
||
кубок злодея</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the maple leaf, whirling, sank and fell into
|
||
the goblet of the villain</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из баллады о
|
||
клене-мстителе</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from the ballad of the avenging
|
||
maple</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">galy komy <oRef>syf</oRef></quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в пасти быка листочек</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a leaf in the bull's mouth</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка о мизерной
|
||
пище</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">proverb about scanty
|
||
food</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qomgæs dūǧy <oRef>syf</oRef> ratydta,
|
||
qædgomyl æj æræværdta</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пастух сорвал подорожник, наложил его на
|
||
рану</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the shepherd plucked the plantain, put it on
|
||
the wound</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
||
<biblScope>1956 V 12</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">særy cæf wælængaj ū..., dūǧy
|
||
<oRef>syftæ</oRef> jyl sæværʒystæm æmæ bajgas wygæn</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">рана головы неглубокая, мы наложим на нее
|
||
листья подорожника, и она заживет</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the head wound is not deep, we will put
|
||
plantain leaves on it and it will heal</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
|
||
<biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zalmy <oRef>syftæ</oRef> tīlync, bynʒ næ
|
||
waʒync ʽvvaxs</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они машут лопухами, не подпускают близко
|
||
мух</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they wave burdocks, keep flies away</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Предметы и явления природы получают нередко название по их использованию
|
||
в человеческой практике: <q>трава</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">то, что подлежит
|
||
кошению</q> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæg"/>), <q>овца</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">животное, дающее шерсть</q> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/>). В индоиранском распознается основа
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20221105T000433+0300" comment="Правильно указан язык?" id="okd_4sc_swb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230305T132009+0300" parentID="okd_4sc_swb" comment="думаю да (хотя формально индоир. это арийский" mid="2"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w xml:lang="inc">śiph-</w>, которая в качестве глагольной означает
|
||
<gloss><q>проводить чем-либо по поверхности чего-либо, обметать, вытирать,
|
||
сгребать</q></gloss>, а в качестве именной — <gloss><q>лист</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>прут</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="2"?>
|
||
(ветка с листьями или пучок прутьев служили орудием обметания, метлой, веником). Ср., с
|
||
одной стороны, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>saef-</w> | <w>sif-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>проводить скользящим, обметающим движением</q></gloss></mentioned> (плетью по
|
||
земле, пером по телу с магическими целями), ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æssīvyn"><w>æssīvyn</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ham-saif-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
||
<gloss><q>сгребать</q></gloss></ref> (например, сено граблями), с другой — ос.
|
||
<oRef>syf</oRef> | <oRef>sifæ</oRef>
|
||
<gloss><q>лист</q></gloss>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śiphā-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>прут</q></gloss></mentioned>. Значение <gloss><q>лист</q></gloss> не было,
|
||
видимо, чуждо и древнеиндийскому; об этом свидетельствует <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śiphādhara-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>ветка</q></gloss>
|
||
</mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">sifædaræ</w></mentioned> (не засвидетельствованное, но вполне мыслимое
|
||
образование). Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>κίρος</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>венок (из листьев)</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Спорной остается возможность
|
||
расширения данного этимологического гнезда привлечением <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śepa-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>хвост</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śipra-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>волосы</q></gloss></mentioned> (?), <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w>šipъ</w></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
|
||
<biblScope>310</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 338—339, 374—375</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>,
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1956, стр. 72, прим. 3</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Мартынов</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Славянская и индоевропейская
|
||
аккомодация</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Минск</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 123—124</biblScope></bibl>). — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syftær"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Petersson</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1920 XVI 3 71</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>,
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Objects and phenomena of nature are often named according to their use
|
||
in human practice: <q>grass</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">thing to be mowed</q>
|
||
(see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæg"/>), <q>sheep</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">wool-giving animal</q> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/>). In Indo-Iranian the stem
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20221105T000433+0300" comment="Правильно указан язык?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w xml:lang="inc">śiph-</w> is recognized, which as a verb means
|
||
<gloss><q>pass something over the surface of something, sweep, wipe,
|
||
rake</q></gloss> and as a noun means <gloss><q>leaf</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>twig</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> (a branch with leaves or a
|
||
bunch of twigs served as a sweeping tool, broom). Cf., on the one hand, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>saef-</w> | <w>sif-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>pass with a sliding, sweeping move</q></gloss></mentioned> (whip on the
|
||
ground, feather on the body with magical purposes), Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æssīvyn"><w>æssīvyn</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ham-saif-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
||
<gloss><q>rake</q></gloss></ref> (e.g. hay), and on the other hand, Ossetic
|
||
<oRef>syf</oRef> | <oRef>sifæ</oRef>
|
||
<gloss><q>leaf</q></gloss>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śiphā-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>twig</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning <gloss><q>leaf</q></gloss> was not,
|
||
apparently, alien to the ancient Indian; this is evidence by <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śiphādhara-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>branch</q></gloss>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">= <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">something holding (<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>dhara-</w></mentioned>) leaves (<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śiphā</w></mentioned>)</q></note></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">sifædaræ</w></mentioned> (unattested, but quite conceivable derivation).
|
||
Here also <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>κίρος</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>wreath (of leaves)</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The possibility of expanding
|
||
this etymological nest by involving <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śepa-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tail</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śipra-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>hair</q></gloss></mentioned> (?), <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w>šipъ</w></mentioned> etc. is disputable (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
|
||
<biblScope>310</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 338—339, 374—375</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>,
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="en">1956, p. 72, note 3</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Martynov</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Slavic and Indo-European
|
||
accommodation</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Minsk</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="en">pp.
|
||
123—124</biblScope></bibl>). — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syftær"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Petersson</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1920 XVI 3 71</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>,
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |