abaev-xml/entries/abaev_syjyn.xml
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syjyn</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_syjyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d1391e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syjyn</orth>
(<orth>sijyn</orth>)<form type="participle"><orth>sijyn</orth></form></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sujun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>sud</orth></form></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1391e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>мерзнуть</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>freeze</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>замерзать</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>be cold</q>
</abv:tr>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (в применении к живым существам)</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (living beings)</note>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>basyjyn</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">замерзнуть</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">freeze</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>sijag</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мерзляк</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230308T192648+0300" comment="Не очень понял, что значит &quot;мерзляк&quot; в оригинале)"?>frozen<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sælyn"><w>sælyn</w>
<gloss><q>замерзать</q><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (о жидкостях)</note></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rǧævsyn"><w>rǧævsyn</w>
<gloss><q>зябнуть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>коченеть</q></gloss></ref></note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sælyn"><w>sælyn</w>
<gloss><q>freeze</q><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (of liquids)</note></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rǧævsyn"><w>rǧævsyn</w>
<gloss><q>chill</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>stiffen</q></gloss></ref></note>
</sense>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ qūstæ <oRef>basydysty</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я обморозил уши</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I froze my ears</q>
</tr>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadullæjæn jæ kʼæxtæ <oRef>basydysty</oRef>,
æmæ sæ artmæ tavta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у Садуллы замерзли ноги, и он отогревал их у
огня</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadullaʼs feet were frozen, and he warmed them
by the fire</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æfcægyl <oRef>basydī</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он замерз на перевале</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he froze on the moutain passage</q>
</tr>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xori furt min æj ku kurdta, ma ʽj omæn dær ku
nae ravardton, Xoræn min æj basoʒʒænæ, zæggæ; Mæji furt dær min æj ku kurdta, maʼj
omæn dær ku nae ravardton, axænæj min æj <oRef>basujun</oRef> kængænæ, zæggæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сын Солнца сватался к ней (моей дочери), но я
не отдал ему ее, говоря: ты дашь ее сжечь Солнцу; сын Месяца тоже к ней сватался, но
и ему я не отдал ее, говоря: ты мне ее заморозишь стужей</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the son of the Sun wooed her (my daughter), but
I did not give her to him, saying: you will let the Sun burn her; the son of the
Moon also wooed her, but I did not give her to him either, saying: you will freeze
her to with cold</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
<biblScope>151</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sī-</w></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sya-</w></mentioned>. Надежные соответствия в
припамирских языках и в древнеиндийском: <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
<w>šty-</w>, <w>šəy-</w>, <w>šiyaǰ</w>
<gloss><q>мерзнуть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><w>az-da šiyin</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">я мерзну</q></gloss></mentioned> = ос. <phr>æz
sijyn</phr> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Язг."/>
<biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>
<biblScope>251—252</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
<w>šak</w> (<w type="rec">syāka-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
<w>šak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
<w>šaq</w>
<gloss><q>мороз</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>иней</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
<w>šitō</w>
<gloss><q>холодный</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Pam."/>
<biblScope>138, 144</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
<biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
<w>pat-si-am</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">я мерзну</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Shaw"/>
<biblScope>2014</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
<w>ši-</w>
<gloss><q>мерзнуть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>podam aši</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">у меня замерзли ноги</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
<biblScope>326</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>śīyate</w>
<gloss><q>мерзнет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śyāyati</w>
<gloss><q>замораживает</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śīta-</w>
<gloss><q>холодный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>холод</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>стужа</q></gloss></mentioned>. Если допустить в индоевропейском колебание
<c>ḱ-</c> || <c>k-</c>, то можно отнести сюда же формы с начальным <c>č-</c>: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>čāyyīdan</w>
<gloss><q>охлаждаться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>стыть</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>čāy-</w></mentioned> относится к <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>śyāya-</w></mentioned>, как <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w>Cišpiš</w></mentioned> к <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>-śiśviṣ</w></mentioned> (<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Этимология 1965</title>.
<pubPlace>1967</pubPlace>, <biblScope>стр. 293—294</biblScope></bibl>). О колебании
и.е. <c>ḱ-</c> || <c>k-</c>, resp. ар. ś || č см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
<biblScope>I 228</biblScope></bibl>.</note>
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>čāyyis</w>, <w>čāymān</w>
<gloss><q>охлаждение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>простуда</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
<w>čī</w>
<gloss><q>стыть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
<w>čīy-</w>
<gloss><q>мерзнуть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><w>zə čīyəm</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">я мерзну</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><w>čīye</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">он мерзнет</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/>
<biblScope>140</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Грюнберг._Мундж."/>
<biblScope>288</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
<w>ṣ̌icí-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
<biblScope>273</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
<w>pa-civd</w>, <w>ṣ̌əciy-</w>
<gloss><q>мерзнуть</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина_Сар."/>
<biblScope>120, 212</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Д. <oRef>sujun</oRef>
вместо ожидаемого <w type="rec">sijun</w> следует объяснять либо ассимиляцией гласных (ср.
д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fexsujun"/> вместо ожидаемого <w type="rec">fexsijun</w>), либо влиянием <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsyjyn"><w>ræ-sujun</w>
<gloss><q>пухнуть</q></gloss></ref>. О колебании <c>i</c> || <c>u</c> в дигорском см.
под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stʼaly"/>. — Сарматское имя из Прикубанья <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σταγοῦς</w></mentioned>, в одном случае <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σταγοῦς Σαρματα</w></mentioned> (Корпус №№ 1179, 1287) примыкает к
ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sijag</w></mentioned> и должно было означать нечто вроде
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">мерзляк</q>. — <mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang>Удм.</lang>
<w>sijal</w>
<gloss><q>стынуть</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> идет, возможно, из аланского.
<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>III 145</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>isi-</w>
<gloss><q>лед</q></gloss></mentioned>?»). — <bibl><author>Petersson</author>.
<title>Etymologische Miszellen</title>. <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1923, стр. 33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
<biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Лившиц</author> apud <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
<biblScope>326</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
<biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
<biblScope>III 383—384</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sī-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sya-</w></mentioned>. There
are reliable correspondences in the Pamir languages and in Old Indian: <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
<w>šty-</w>, <w>šəy-</w>, <w>šiyaǰ</w>
<gloss><q>be cold</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><w>az-da šiyin</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">I am cold</q></gloss></mentioned> = Ossetic
<phr>æz sijyn</phr> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Язг."/>
<biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>
<biblScope>251—252</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
<w>šak</w> (<w type="rec">syāka-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
<w>šak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
<w>šaq</w>
<gloss><q>frost</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>white frost</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
<w>šitō</w>
<gloss><q>cold</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Pam."/>
<biblScope>138, 144</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
<biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
<w>pat-si-am</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">I am cold</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Shaw"/>
<biblScope>2014</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
<w>ši-</w>
<gloss><q>freeze</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>podam aši</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">my feet are cold</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
<biblScope>326</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>śīyate</w>
<gloss><q>(he) is cold</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śyāyati</w>
<gloss><q>(he) freezes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śīta-</w>
<gloss><q>cold</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>coldness</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>severe
cold</q></gloss></mentioned>. If one admits the Indo-European alternation <c>ḱ-</c> ||
<c>k-</c>, then the forms with the initial <c>č-</c> are included: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>čāyyīdan</w>
<gloss><q>cool down</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cool off</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>čāy-</w></mentioned> is related to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>śyāya-</w></mentioned>, like <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w>Cišpiš</w></mentioned> is related to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>-śiśviṣ</w></mentioned> (<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Ètimologija</title> [Etymology]. <pubPlace>1967</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">pp.
293—294</biblScope></bibl>). On the alternation <c>ḱ-</c> || <c>k-</c>, resp. Aryan
ś || č, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
<biblScope>I 228</biblScope></bibl>.</note>
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>čāyyis</w>, <w>čāymān</w>
<gloss><q>cooling</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>(common) cold</q></gloss></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
<w>čī</w>
<gloss><q>cool off</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
<w>čīy-</w>
<gloss><q>be cold</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><w>zə čīyəm</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">I am cold</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><w>čīye</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">he is cold</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/>
<biblScope>140</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Грюнберг._Мундж."/>
<biblScope>288</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
<w>ṣ̌icí-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
<biblScope>273</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
<w>pa-civd</w>, <w>ṣ̌əciy-</w>
<gloss><q>freeze</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина_Сар."/>
<biblScope>120, 212</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Digor
<oRef>sujun</oRef> instead of the expected <w type="rec">sijun</w> should be accounted
for either by the vowel assimilation (cf. Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fexsujun"/>
instead of the expected <w type="rec">fexsijun</w>), or by the influence of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsyjyn"><w>ræ-sujun</w>
<gloss><q>swell</q></gloss></ref>. On the alternation <c>i</c> || <c>u</c> in Digor, see
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_stʼaly"/>. — Sarmatian name from the Kuban region
<mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σταγοῦς</w></mentioned>, in one case <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σταγοῦς Σαρματα</w></mentioned> (Corpora №№ 1179, 1287) is related
to the Ossetian <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sijag</w></mentioned> and should mean
something like <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230308T192648+0300" comment="Не очень понял, что значит &quot;мерзляк&quot; в оригинале)"?>frozen<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>.
<mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
<w>sijal</w>
<gloss><q>cool off</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> comes, perhaps, from Alanian.
<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>III 145</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>isi-</w>
<gloss><q>ice</q></gloss></mentioned>?</q>). — <bibl><author>Petersson</author>.
<title>Etymologische Miszellen</title>. <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1923, p. 33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>,
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
<biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="en">Livshits</author> apud <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
<biblScope>326</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
<biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
<biblScope>III 383—384</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>