abaev-xml/entries/abaev_k0yʒ.xml
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">k0yʒ</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_k0yʒ" xml:lang="os">
<form xml:id="form_d1548e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"
><orth>k˳yʒ</orth></form>
<form xml:id="form_d1548e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"
><orth>kuj</orth></form>
<formGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plural" xml:lang="os-x-iron"
><gram/><orth>k˳itæ</orth></form>
<form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="plural"
><orth>kujtæ</orth></form>
</formGrp>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1548e72">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>собака</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>dog</q>
</abv:tr>
<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">мн. ч. <hi rendition="#rend_italic"
>k˳itæ</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kujtæ</hi></note>
</sense>
<re xml:id="re_d1548e86">
<form xml:id="form_d1548e88" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"
><orth>k˳yʒæpparæn</orth></form>
<form xml:id="form_d1548e91" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"
><orth>kujgælʒæn</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1548e94">
<sense xml:id="sense_d1548e95">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>скала, с которой сбрасывали преступников</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>rock from which criminals used to be cast down</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">, lit. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"
>(from where) dogs are dumped</q>; the form <w>kuʒ-</w> is also
attested in Digor (e.g. <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><note
type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 69</biblScope></bibl></note>: <phr>kuʒi
læxæ</phr>
<gloss><q>dog's litter</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1548e104">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>Тарпейская скала</q>
</abv:tr>
<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">, буквально „(откуда) бросают собак“;
форма <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒ-</hi> встречается и в
дигорском (например, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."
/><biblScope>II 69</biblScope></bibl>: <hi
rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒi læxæ</hi> ‘собачий помет’)</note>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>Tarpeian Rock</q>
</abv:tr>
<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">, буквально „(откуда) бросают собак“;
форма <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒ-</hi> встречается и в
дигорском (например, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."
/><biblScope>II 69</biblScope></bibl>: <hi
rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒi læxæ</hi> ‘собачий помет’)</note>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1548e139">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1548e141">
<quote><oRef>k˳yʒ</oRef>ʼylyxæj næ mæly</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>собака от хромоты не умирает</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>the dog does not die of limping</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
<biblScope>III 212</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1548e160" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>ku ærxæccæ uj æ cawæjnon <oRef>kuj</oRef></quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>прибегает его охотничья собака</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>his hunting dog comes running</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>89</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1548e182" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote><oRef>kujgælzæn</oRef> kʼæxæn</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>Тарпейская скала</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>Tarpean Rock</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1934 III-IV 81</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит закономерно к иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic"
>*kuti</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ti</hi><hi
rendition="#rend_italic">ʒ</hi>, как <hi rendition="#rend_italic"
>vinsati</hi><ref type="xr" target="#entry_yssæʒ"/> и др.)<note
type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note>. Восточноиранское слово,
имеющее также широкое распространение в восточной Европе. На иранской почве:
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e409" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e213"
xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
<w>kud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e414"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e218" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
<w>kʼod</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e419"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e223" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
<w>kuδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e425"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e229" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
<w>kəδ, köδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e430"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e234" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
<w>kud, kut</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e435"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e239" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>*kūti(kwty)</w></mentioned>. В <hi rendition="#rend_bold">персидские%b и
%bкурдские</hi> диалекты (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūyā</hi>, <hi
rendition="#rend_italic">kuva</hi> и пр. — <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_KPF"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. I, стр. 112,
153, Bd. IV, стр. 215</biblScope></bibl>) проникло, вероятно, с востока.
— Есть основания предполагать слово в скифско-сарматском; <hi
rendition="#rend_bold">скифское</hi> имя <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e445" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e249" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
<w>Κουζαΐος</w></mentioned> сближается с осетинскими именами <hi
rendition="#rend_italic">Kuʒa</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic"
>K˳yʒæg</hi>, образованными от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒ</hi>.
Древнеиранский, по-видимому, не знал этого слова, там господствовала основа <hi
rendition="#rend_italic">*span-</hi>, и.е. <hi rendition="#rend_italic"
>*ḱun-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*ḱwan-</hi>. — В угро-финских
языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e450" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e254"
xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
<w>kutya</w>
<gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e459" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e263" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
<w>kuti</w></mentioned><hi rendition="#rend_bold">(перм.)</hi>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e464" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e268" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
<w>kəči</w></mentioned><hi rendition="#rend_bold">(зыр.)</hi>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e469" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e273" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
<w>kuta</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e474"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e278" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
<w>kuts</w>
<gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. — В славянских: <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e482" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e286" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>кутя, кутенок</w>
<gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e490" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e294" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
<w>kuče</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e496"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e300" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
<w>kuče</w>
<gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Ср. также <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e504" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e308" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
<w>kutsa</w>
<gloss><q>сука</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e512" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e316" xml:lang="lv"
><w>kutsens</w>
<gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e518" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e322" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
<w>kutš</w>
<gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></mentioned> на „детском“ языке, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e526" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e330" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>kücük</w>
<gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>II 1494</biblScope></bibl>), куда
тяготеют <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e539" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e343"
xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
<w>kučik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e544"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e348" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
<w>kučak</w>
<gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Считают, что слово получилось
из призывной клички, с которой обращаются к собакам (<hi
rendition="#rend_italic">kut-kut</hi>! <hi rendition="#rend_italic"
>kuč-kuč</hi>! и т. п.). Вполне законно допускать и обратную возможность:
призывная кличка есть старое наименование собаки (в осетинском гусей кличут <hi
rendition="#rend_italic">qaz-qaz</hi> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qaz"
/> ‘гусь’). См.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Berneker"
/><biblScope>636—637</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><biblScope>Н.
Schuchardt. Baskisch und Hamitisch, стр. 23</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/><biblScope>I
515</biblScope></bibl>. — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e566"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e370" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>a-k˳əǯma</w>
<gloss><q>волк</q></gloss></mentioned> — эвфемизм („не-собака“)? — Ср. <ref
type="xr" target="#entry_æg0yʒæg"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 67</biblScope></bibl>;
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."
/><biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>.—
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."
/><biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>57, 171, 197, 200, 214, 223,
312</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Regularly goes back to Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w
type="rec">kuti</w></mentioned> (<c>ti</c><c>ʒ</c>, as <mentioned
xml:lang="ira"><w>vinsati</w></mentioned><ref type="xr"
target="#entry_yssæʒ"/> etc.).<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">Cf.
<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1548e614" xml:lang="ne"><lang/>
<w>kuti</w>
<gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Turner</author>.
<title>Nepali dictionary</title></bibl>); from Iranian?</note> An
Eastern Iranian word, which is also widespread in Eastern Europe. In Iranian
languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e213"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e409" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
<w>kud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e218"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e414" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
<w>kʼod</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e223"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e419" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
<w>kuδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e229"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e425" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
<w>kəδ</w>, <w>köδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e234" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e430" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
<w>kud</w>, <w>kut</w></mentioned>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e239" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e435" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w type="rec">kūti</w> (<w>ʼkwty</w>)</mentioned>. It probably entered
<lang>Persian</lang> and <lang>Kurdish</lang> dialects
(<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20250514T225119+0300" comment="How to annotate?"?><w>kūyā</w>,
<w>kuva</w><?oxy_comment_end?> etc. — <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_KPF"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. I, p. 112, 153, Bd. IV, p.
215</biblScope></bibl>) from the east. — There are reasons to believe
that this word existed in Scythian-Sarmatian; the <lang>Scythian</lang> name
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e249" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e445"
xml:lang="xsc"><w>Κουζαϊος</w></mentioned> is close to the Ossetic
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>names</gloss>
<w>Kuʒa</w>, <w>K˳yʒæg</w></mentioned>, derived from <oRef>kuʒ</oRef>.
Apparently this word did not exist in Old Iranian, where the stem <mentioned
xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>span-</w></mentioned>, IE <mentioned xml:lang="ine"
><w type="rec">ḱun-</w>, <w type="rec">ḱwan-</w></mentioned> was
prevalent. — In Finno-Ugric: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e254"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e450" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
<w>kutya</w>
<gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e263" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e459"
xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
<note type="comment">(Permyak)</note>
<w>kuti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e268"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e464" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
<note type="comment">(Zyrian)</note>
<w>kəči</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e273"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e469" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
<w>kuta</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e278"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e474" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
<w>kuts</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. — In Slavic: <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e286" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e482" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>kutja</w>, <w>kutënok</w>
<gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e294" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e490"
xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
<w>kuče</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e300"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e496" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
<w>kuče</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. Cf. also <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e308" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e504" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
<w>kutsa</w>
<gloss><q>bitch</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e316" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e512" xml:lang="lv"
><w>kutsens</w>
<gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e322" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e518" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
<w>kutš</w>
<gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></mentioned> in nursery language, <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e330" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e526" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>kücük</w>
<gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>II 1494</biblScope></bibl>), to which <mentioned><mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e343" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e539"
xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
<w>kučik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e348"
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e544" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
<w>kučak</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. are connected. It is thought
that this word is derived from a calling name for dogs (<w>kut-kut</w>!
<w>kuč-kuč</w>! etc.). It could also have bee the other way around, with the
calling name being an old name for the dog (in Ossetic, geese are called up
using <w>qaz-qaz</w> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qaz"><w>qaz</w>
<gloss><q>goose</q></gloss></ref>). See: <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_Berneker"/>
<biblScope>636—637</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl>Н.
<author>Schuchardt</author>. <title>Baskisch und Hamitisch</title>,
<biblScope>p. 23</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_Schrader"/>
<biblScope>I 515</biblScope></bibl>. — <mentioned
corresp="#mentioned_d1548e370" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e566" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>a-k˳əǯma</w>
<gloss><q>wolf</q></gloss></mentioned> is an euphemism (<q
rendition="#rend_doublequotes">non-dog</q>)? — Cf. <ref type="xr"
target="#entry_æg0yʒæg"/>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref
type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"></ref>
<biblScope>II 67</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
<biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_KSz."/>
<biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl"
target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>57, 171, 197, 200, 214, 223, 312</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Ср. <mentioned
xml:id="mentioned_d1548e600" xml:lang="ne"><lang/>
<w>kuti</w>
<gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>Turner. Nepali
dictionary</biblScope></bibl>); из иранского?</note>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>