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99 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ū-</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ū-" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d970e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ū-</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>o-</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d970e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тот</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>that</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Основа указательного местоимения для более отдаленных
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или находящихся вне поля зрения предметов, которому соответствует <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w> <gloss><q>этот</q></gloss></ref> для близких предметов. В
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современном языке бытуют лишь старые косвенные падежи <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">oj</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūmæn</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">onæn</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_oni" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>oni</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>onæn</w></mentioned> и
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т. д., причем родительный падеж <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w></ref> получил в иронском также функцию именительного. С
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наращением <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">-cy</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">-ci</w>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūcy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū-cy</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">o-ci</w></ref> (в дигорском рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_eci"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">e-ci</w></ref>) употребляется как указательное и всегда при
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определяемом, т. е. в адъективной функции, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_acy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">a-cy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_eci"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">e-ci</w></ref>. Мн. число в иронском — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdon"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūdon</w></ref>. Дигорский использует
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основу <w>о-</w> только в косвенных надежах как единственного (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w>oj</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>omæn</w></mentioned> и т. д.), так и множественного числа (<mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>oni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>onæn</w></mentioned> и т. д.); в имен. падеже дигорский имеет другую основу —
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_e"><w>e</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_etæ"><w>etæ</w></ref>. В застывшем виде <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū-</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">o-</w> сохранилось в ряде наречий, симметричных аналогичным
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образованиям от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w> <gloss><q>этот</q></gloss></ref>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūm</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">omi</w> <gloss><q>там</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_otæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>otæ</w> <gloss><q>так</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftæ" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/> <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">aftæ</w> <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из <w>a-ūtæ</w>)</note> <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(из <w>a-ūtæ</w>)</note> <gloss><q>так</q></gloss></ref> id., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdæm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdæm</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ordæmæ</w> <gloss><q>туда</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdygæj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdygæj</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ordigæj</w> <gloss><q>оттуда</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ordæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>ordæg</w> <gloss><q>по ту сторону</q></gloss></ref>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxæn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>wæxæn</w> <gloss><q>такой</q></gloss></ref></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Demonstrative pronominal stem for objects that are
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located further away or are out of the speaker's field of view. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w> <gloss><q>this</q></gloss></ref> is the corresponding stem
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for more closer objects. In the modern language only the oblique forms <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">oj</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūmæn</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">onæn</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_oni" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>oni</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>onæn</w></mentioned> etc. remain. Furthermore, in Iron <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w></ref> also became the nominative
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form. With <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">-cy</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">-ci</w> augmentation:
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūcy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū-cy</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">o-ci</w></ref> (in Digor it is similar to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_eci"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">e-ci</w></ref>) is used as a
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demonstrative and always together with the noun it defines, i.e. in the attributive
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function, just like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_acy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">a-cy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_eci"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">e-ci</w></ref>. The plural in Iron is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdon"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūdon</w></ref>. Digor uses the stem <w>о-</w> only in oblique
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case of both the singular (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w>oj</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>omæn</w></mentioned> etc.) and the plural numbers (<mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>oni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>onæn</w></mentioned> etc.); in the nominative case Digor uses another stem,
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namely <ref type="xr" target="#entry_e"><w>e</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_etæ"><w>etæ</w></ref>. <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū-</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">o-</w> has fossilised in a number of adverbs which are
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symmetrical to derivatives from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w> <gloss><q>this</q></gloss></ref>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūm</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">omi</w> <gloss><q>there</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_otæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>otæ</w> <gloss><q>that way</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftæ" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/> <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">aftæ</w> <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из <w>a-ūtæ</w>)</note> <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from <w>a-ūtæ</w>)</note> <gloss><q>that
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way</q></gloss></ref> id., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdæm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdæm</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ordæmæ</w> <gloss><q>to that
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place</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdygæj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdygæj</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ordigæj</w> <gloss><q>from
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that place</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ordæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>ordæg</w> <gloss><q>to that side</q></gloss></ref>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxæn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>wæxæn</w> <gloss><q>like that</q></gloss></ref></note>
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</sense>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к местоименной основе <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>awa-</w></mentioned>. Стяжение трифтонга <c>awa</c> → <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū</c> <c xml:lang="os-x-digor">o</c> как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæwyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cū</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">co</w> <gloss><q>иди</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čyava-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nūdæs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nūdæs</w> <gloss><q>19</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>navadasa-</w></mentioned>; ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rog"><w>rog</w> <gloss><q>легкий</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nog"><w>nog</w> <gloss><q>новый</q></gloss></ref> из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræwæg"><w>ræwæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæg"><w>næwæg</w></ref>.
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Местоимение хорошо представлено в иранском и славянском и может рассматриваться как одна
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из ирано-славянских изоглосс: <mentioned xml:lang="ira" extralang="tg"><lang/> <w>ū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/> <w>ōy</w></mentioned>
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(мн. ч. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/> <w>awēšān</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/> <w>au</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><w>ava</w></mentioned>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230623T182620+0600" comment="кажется, этого языка нет в списке языков"?>тат.
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<w>u</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="srh"><lang/> <w>yu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/> <w>yaw</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><w>yow</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/> <w>wa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/> <w>wo</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/> <w>ō̈</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/> <w>au</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/> <w type="rec">awu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">wu</w></mentioned>
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(<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼww</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ww</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae" extralang="peo"><lang/> <w>ava-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/> <w>ovъ</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/> <w>овъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>овый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/> <w>ów</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/> <w>ov</w></mentioned> и пр. В древнеиндийском
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документируется только форма род. падежа двойств. числа <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>avoṣ</w></mentioned>; ср.: <bibl><author>Hauri</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/> <biblScope>LXXVIII 199</biblScope></bibl>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_e"><w>e</w></ref>; см.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūcy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūcy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8ūtæ"><w type="rec">ūtæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdon"><w>ūdon</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdættæ"><w>ūdættæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūm</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūtæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūtæ</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">otæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdæm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdæm</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdygæj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdygæj</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ordæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>ordæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxæn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>wæxæn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæd_1"><w>wæd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærtæ"><w>wærtæ</w></ref>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to the pronominal stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>awa-</w></mentioned>. The triphthong contraction <c>awa</c> → <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū</c> <c xml:lang="os-x-digor">o</c> is just like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæwyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cū</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">co</w> <gloss><q>go (imp.)</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čyava-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nūdæs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nūdæs</w> <gloss><q>19</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>navadasa-</w></mentioned>; compare as well <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rog"><w>rog</w> <gloss><q>light (adj.)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nog"><w>nog</w> <gloss><q>new</q></gloss></ref> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræwæg"><w>ræwæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæg"><w>næwæg</w></ref>. The pronoun is widespread in both Iranian and Slavic branches and
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can be considered one of the Irano-Slavic isoglosses: <mentioned xml:lang="ira" extralang="tg"><lang/> <w>ū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/> <w>ōy</w></mentioned> (pl. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/> <w>awēšān</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/> <w>au</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><w>ava</w></mentioned>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230623T182620+0600" comment="кажется, этого языка нет в списке языков"?>тат.
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<w>u</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="srh"><lang/> <w>yu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/> <w>yaw</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><w>yow</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/> <w>wa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/> <w>wo</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/> <w>ō̈</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/> <w>au</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/> <w type="rec">awu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">wu</w></mentioned>
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(<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼww</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ww</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae" extralang="peo"><lang/> <w>ava-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/> <w>ovъ</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/> <w>овъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>овый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/> <w>ów</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/> <w>ov</w></mentioned> etc. In Old Indic only the
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genitive dual <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>avoṣ</w></mentioned> is documented; cf.
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<bibl><author>Hauri</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/> <biblScope>LXXVIII
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199</biblScope></bibl>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_e"><w>e</w></ref>; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūcy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūcy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8ūtæ"><w type="rec">ūtæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdon"><w>ūdon</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdættæ"><w>ūdættæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūm</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūtæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūtæ</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">otæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdæm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdæm</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdygæj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdygæj</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ordæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>ordæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxæn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>wæxæn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæd_1"><w>wæd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærtæ"><w>wærtæ</w></ref>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |