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XML
265 lines
No EOL
30 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆXsærtæg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7Xsærtæg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆXsærtæg</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>Æxsærtæg</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<def xml:lang="ru">one of the heroes of the folk epic <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Narts</q>; son of Varhag, twin brother of (Æ)khsar; he married the daughter of the
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ruler of the underwater kingdom, Donbettyr; he killed his brother; he became the
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ancestor of the Nart surname <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>(Æ)xsærtæggatæ</w>
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<gloss><q>(A)ksartags</q></gloss></mentioned>, to which the most famous heroes —
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Shatana, Uryzmag, Khamyts, Soslan (Sozryko), Batraz — belong</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">one of the heroes of the folk epic <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Narts</q>; son of Varhag, twin brother of (A)khsar; he married the ruler of the
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underwater kingdomʼs daughter, Donbetra; he killed his brother; he became the ancestor
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of the Nart family <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>(Æ)xsærtæggatæ</w>
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<gloss><q>(A)xsartags</q></gloss></mentioned>, to which the most famous heroes belong
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— Shatana, Uryzmag, Khamyts, Soslan (Sozryko), Batradz</def>
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</sense>
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||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nartæn sæ xīstær Wærxæg wydīs. Wærxægæn
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rajg˳yrdīs dywwæ læppūjy fazzættæ... Wærxæǵy læppūtyl næmttæ sæværdta wælarv
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K˳yrdalægon: xīstæryl (Æ)xsar, kastæryl — <oRef>(Æ)xsærtæg</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the oldest of the Narts was Varhag. Varhag gave
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birth to two twin boys. The sons of Varhag were named by the heavenly (blacksmith)
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Kurdalagon: the eldest (A)khsar, the youngest (A)khsartag</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the oldest of the Narts was Varhag. Varhag gave
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birth to two twin boys. The sons of Varhag were named by the heavenly (blacksmith)
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Kurdalagon: the eldest one (A)khsar, the youngest one (A)khsartag</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>3</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">syrdagūr cydysty Wærxægæn jæ fyrttæ Æxsar æmæ
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<oRef>ʽXsærtæg</oRef> nærton</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sons of Varhag, (A)khsar and (A)khsartag of
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the Narts, went in search of game</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sons of Varhag, (A)khsar and (A)khsartag of
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the Narts, were walking in search of game</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Куб."/>
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<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθraka-</w></mentioned>, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"><w>xsar(t)</w></ref> — к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθra</w></mentioned>. Ср. по происхождению и образованию <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šahra</w>
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<note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθraka-</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>известный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>прославленный</q></gloss></mentioned>. По
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форме <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"><w>Xsar(t)</w></ref> относится к
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<oRef>Xsærtæg</oRef> (наращение форманта <c>-ka-</c>), как, скажем, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><lang/>
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<w>Δειμανος</w></mentioned> к <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Διμακος</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σιαύος</w></mentioned> к <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σιαύακος</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>I 166, 183</biblScope></bibl>) или <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (из
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иран.) <w>Šah</w></mentioned> к <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Šahak</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Vałarš</w></mentioned> к <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Vałaršakʼ</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>58, 79</biblScope></bibl>. Имя <oRef>Xsærtæg</oRef> (как и нартовская эпопея
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в своей основе) восходит к скифскому времени. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Σατϱακος</w>
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<gloss>имя царя скифов, живущих к северу от Согдианы</gloss><note type="bibl">(<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Арриан</author>
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<biblScope>4. 4, 8</biblScope>. — Ср.: <bibl><author>Markwart</author>. <title>Die
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Sogdiana des Ptolemaios. Orientalia</title>
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<date>1946</date>
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<biblScope>XV 314</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. С формантом
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<c>-an</c> (вместо <c>-ak</c>) <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ξαϱθανος</w>
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<gloss>имя из Танаиды</gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Латышев"/>
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<biblScope>281<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">11</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, с формантом <c>-am</c>
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<mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ξαϱταμος</w>
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<gloss>имя из Ольвии</gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Латышев"/>
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<biblScope>I² 117<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">5</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Форма <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Xsartan</w></mentioned> относится к <oRef>Xsartag</oRef>, как <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Warazman</w></mentioned> к ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wyryzmæg"><w>Wyryzmæg</w>, <w>Wæræzmæg</w></ref>. Встречающееся на персепольских таблетках имя
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<mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šaššaka</w></mentioned> отражает (в эламской передаче)
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<mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230719T014256+0300" comment="лигатура"?>Xšassaka<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w><note type="comment"> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">Xšaθraka-</w></mentioned>)</note><note type="bibl">
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(<bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>. <title>Onomastica Persepolitana</title>.
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<pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1973</date>, <biblScope>№№ 8.1508,
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8.1481</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Вместе с эпическими сказаниями имя
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<oRef>Xsartag</oRef> вошло в некоторые соседние языки: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>Sxurtuk</w>
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<gloss><q>имя отца Нарта <note type="comment"><mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w>Urəzmek</w></mentioned>ʼа</note></q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">Axsartoj</w> → <w>Arxastoj</w> → <w>Orxustoj</w>
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<gloss>название богатырского племени</gloss></mentioned>. В грузинских и армянских
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источниках отмечены созвучные имена: в <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Житии Або</q>
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(VIII в.) <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Aǧsartan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang>мегрельская</lang>
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<gloss>фамилия</gloss>
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<w>Sartania</w> (из <w type="rec">Xsartania</w>)</mentioned>, фамилия <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Axasarpakʼajani</w></mentioned>. <note type="footnote">По сообщению
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грузинского <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Хронографа</q> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Žamtaaǧǵmc’ereli</q>), памятника середины XIV в., около
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1260 г. бежавшие от хана Берке женщины привели в Грузию двух мальчиков из рода <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Ахасарпаканов</hi> — Пареджана и Бакатара (см.: <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Гамрекели</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Двалы и Двалетия</title>.
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<pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1961, стр.
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116</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1961, стр. 116</biblScope></bibl>. — Ср.:
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андроникашвили"/>
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<biblScope>139, 140, 141</biblScope></bibl>).</note>Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>Ałsartan</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
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<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андроникашвили"/>
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<biblScope>140, 141, 513</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В адыгских
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эпических сказаниях упоминается <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">славный род</q></gloss>
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<w>Axsnartuqo</w></mentioned>, чужеземный для Кабарды [<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Гаглойти</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">К изучению терминологии нартского эпоса. Изв.
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Юго-Осет. научно-исслед. инст. </title>
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<date>1965</date>, <biblScope>XIV 99</biblScope></bibl>, со ссылкой на: <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Гатцук</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Черкесы (свод кабардинских
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сказаний). Юная Россия</title>, <date>1906</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">№№ 11—12,
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стр. 1439—1441</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№№ 11—12, стр.
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1439—1441</biblScope></bibl>]. — Легенда об (А)хсаре и (А)хсартаге содержит далеко
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идущие черты близости к легенде о Ромуле и Реме: 1) там и тут герои — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">близнецы</hi>; 2) римских близнецов вскормила волчица,
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нартовские близнецы имели <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wærxæg"><gloss> отца по имени <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Волк</q></gloss> (<w>Wærxæg</w>)</ref>; 3) имя одного
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из близнецов (<mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>Romulus</w></mentioned>, <oRef>Xsærtæg</oRef>)
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представляет деминутивный вариант другого (<mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>Remus</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"><w>Xsar</w></ref>); 4)
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в обеих легендах <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">деминутивный</q> брат убивает другого и
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становится родоначальником племени. В основе обеих легенд лежит тотемический миф о
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происхождении племени от волка, осложненный мотивом (тоже мифологическим) близнецов и
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подвергшийся позднейшей рационализации в антропоморфном направлении (см. нашу статью:
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<bibl><title>Опыт сравнительного анализа легенд о происхождении Нартов и Римлян
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</title>. В сб.: <title xml:lang="ru">Памяти Марра</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М. —
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Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1938</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 313—
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337</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 313— 337</biblScope></bibl>). Изображение
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двух мальчиков, вскармливаемых волчицей, найдено в Средней Азии (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Негматов, Соколовский</author>. <title xml:lang="ru"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Капитолийская волчица</q> в Таджикистане и легенды
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Евразии </title>. В сб.: <title xml:lang="ru">Памятники культуры. Новые открытия.
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Письменность. Искусство. Археология. Ежегодник 1974</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <date>1975</date></bibl>. Такое разительное совпадение через огромное
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пространство вряд ли могло иметь место независимо, без посредников. Такими посредниками
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могли быть скифо-сарматские племена, которые на Западе контактировали с пра-италиками, а
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на Востоке с народами Средней Азии. Что касается роли волка в тотемических легендах, то
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она имеет широчайшее распространение и за пределами Европы: у тюрок и монголов, у северных
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народов Сибири, у индейцев Сев. Америки. См., в частности: <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Липец</author>. <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes" xml:lang="ru">Лицо волка
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благословенно...</q></title>. <title xml:lang="ru">Сов. этнография</title>,
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<date>1981</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">№ 1, стр. 123</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№ 1, стр. 123</biblScope></bibl> (в особенности отрывки <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Волк-прародитель</q> и <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Волк — кормилец, воспитатель</q>). — См. также статьи <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author xml:lang="ru">В. В. Иванова</author>. <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Волк</q></title> в энциклопедии <title xml:lang="ru"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes" xml:lang="ru">Мифы народов мира</q> (I</title>,
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<date>1980</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 242</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 242</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author xml:lang="ru">В.
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В. Иванова</author>. <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Волк</q></title> в
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энциклопедии <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes" xml:lang="ru">Мифы народов
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мира</q> (I</title>, <date>1980</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
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242</biblScope></bibl>) и <bibl xml:lang="ru"><title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes" xml:lang="ru">Близнечные мифы</q></title> (<biblScope xml:lang="ru">там же, стр.
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242</biblScope>)<biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 242</biblScope></bibl>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/>, по корню сюда же <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"><w>xsīn</w>
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<gloss><q>госпожа</q></gloss></ref>; см. также <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">wærg</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wærxæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wærgon"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
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<biblScope>1935 V 74—75</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>189, 199, 223</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>86—92</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθraka-</w></mentioned>, like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"><w>xsar(t)</w></ref> goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθra</w></mentioned>. Etymologically and derivationally, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šahra</w>
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<note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθraka-</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>famous</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>illustrious</q></gloss></mentioned>. Formally,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"><w>Xsar(t)</w></ref> relates to
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<oRef>Xsærtæg</oRef> (the formant augment <c>-ka-</c>), like, say, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><lang/>
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<w>Δειμανος</w></mentioned> to <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Διμακος</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σιαύος</w></mentioned> to <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σιαύακος</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>I 166, 183</biblScope></bibl>) or <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (from
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Iran.) <w>Šah</w></mentioned> to <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Šahak</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Vałarš</w></mentioned> to <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Vałaršakʼ</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>58, 79</biblScope></bibl>. The name <oRef>Xsærtæg</oRef> (as well as the Nart
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epic at its core) dates back to the Scythian time. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Σατϱακος</w> the name of the king of the Scythians living north of Sogdiana <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Arrian</author>
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<biblScope>4. 4, 8</biblScope>. — Cf.: <bibl><author>Markwart</author>. <title>Die
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Sogdiana des Ptolemaios. Orientalia</title>
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<date>1946</date>
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<biblScope>XV 314</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. With the formant
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<c>-an</c> (instead of <c>-ak</c>), there is <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ξαϱθανος</w>
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<gloss>name from Tanaida</gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Латышев"/>
|
||
<biblScope>281<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">11</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, with the formant<c>-am</c>, there is
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ξαϱταμος</w>
|
||
<gloss>name from Olvia</gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Латышев"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I² 117<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">5</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The form <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Xsartan</w></mentioned> relates to <oRef>Xsartag</oRef>, like <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Warazman</w></mentioned> relates to Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wyryzmæg"><w>Wyryzmæg</w>, <w>Wæræzmæg</w></ref>. The name <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šaššaka</w></mentioned> found on Persepolis tablets reflects (in the
|
||
Elamite transmission) <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
||
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230719T014256+0300" comment="лигатура"?>Xšassaka<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w><note type="comment"> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">Xšaθraka-</w></mentioned>)</note><note type="bibl">
|
||
(<bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>. <title>Onomastica Persepolitana</title>.
|
||
<pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1973</date>, <biblScope>№№ 8.1508,
|
||
8.1481</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Together with epic tales, the name
|
||
<oRef>Xsartag</oRef> entered some neighboring languages: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Sxurtuk</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>name of Nart <note type="comment"><mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w>Urəzmek</w></mentioned>ʼs father</note></q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">Axsartoj</w> → <w>Arxastoj</w> → <w>Orxustoj</w>
|
||
<gloss>name of a noble tribe</gloss></mentioned>. Similar names were attested in
|
||
Georgian and Armenian sources: in <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Aboʼs life</q> (VIII
|
||
century), <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Aǧsartan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang>Megrelian</lang>
|
||
<gloss>surname</gloss>
|
||
<w>Sartania</w> (from <w type="rec">Xsartania</w>)</mentioned>, the surname <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Axasarpakʼajani</w></mentioned>. <note type="footnote">According to the
|
||
Georgian <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Chronograph</q> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Žamtaaǧǵmc’ereli</q>), a monument from the middle of
|
||
the 14th century, around 1260, women who fled from Khan Berke brought two boys from the
|
||
Akhasarpakan family, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Akhasarpakan</hi> family, Parejan and
|
||
Bakatar, to Georgia (see: <bibl><author xml:lang="en">Gamrekeli</author>. <title xml:lang="en">Dvaly i Dvaletija[Dvals and Dvaleti]</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1961, стр. 116</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1961, p. 116</biblScope></bibl>. — Cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андроникашвили"/>
|
||
<biblScope>139, 140, 141</biblScope></bibl>).</note>Here relates also <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Ałsartan</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
|
||
<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андроникашвили"/>
|
||
<biblScope>140, 141, 513</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Adyghe epic legends
|
||
mention the <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">glorious
|
||
family</q></gloss> of <w>Axsnartuqo</w></mentioned>, foreign to Kabarda
|
||
[<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Gaglojti</author>. <title xml:lang="en">K izučeniju
|
||
terminologii nartskogo eposa. Izv. Jugo-Oset. naučno-issled. inst. [Towards the study
|
||
of the Nart epic terminology. Working papers of theSouth Ossetian scientific research
|
||
institute]</title>
|
||
<date>1965</date>, <biblScope>XIV 99</biblScope></bibl>, with reference to:
|
||
<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Gatcuk</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Čerkesy (svod
|
||
kabardinskix skazanij). Junaja Rossija [Circassians (a set of Kabardian legends).
|
||
Young Russia]</title>, <date>1906</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">№№ 11—12, стр.
|
||
1439—1441</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№№ 11—12, pp.
|
||
1439—1441</biblScope></bibl>]. — The legend of (A)khsar and (A)khsartag contains
|
||
far-reaching features of proximity to the legend of Romulus and Remus: 1) in both cases,
|
||
the heroes are <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">twins</hi>; 2) the Roman twins were raised
|
||
by a she-wolf, the Nart twins had a <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wærxæg"><gloss> father
|
||
named <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Wolf</q></gloss> (<w>Wærxæg</w>)</ref>; 3) the
|
||
name of one of the twins (<mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>Romulus</w></mentioned>,
|
||
<oRef>Xsærtæg</oRef>) is a diminutive version of the other (<mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>Remus</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"><w>Xsar</w></ref>);
|
||
4) in both legends, the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">diminutive</q> kills another and
|
||
becomes the ancestor of the tribe. Both legends are based on the totemic myth about the
|
||
origin of the tribe from the wolf, complicated by the motif (also mythological) of the
|
||
twins and subject to later rationalization in the anthropomorphic direction (see our
|
||
article: <bibl><title xml:lang="en">Opyt sravnitelʼnogo analiza legend o proisxoždenii
|
||
Nartov i Rimljan [Comparative analysis of the legends about the origin of Narts and
|
||
Romans]</title>. In: <title xml:lang="en">In memory of Marr</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow — Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1938</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 313— 337</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp. 313—
|
||
337</biblScope></bibl>). An image of two boys being fed by a she-wolf was found in
|
||
Central Asia (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Negmatov, Sokolovskij</author>. <title xml:lang="ru"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Kapitolijskaja volčica</q> v
|
||
Tadžikistane i legendy Evrazii [The Capitoline she-wolf in Tajikistan and the legends
|
||
of Eurasia]</title>. In: <title xml:lang="en">Pamjatniki kulʼtury. Novye otkrytija.
|
||
Pisʼmennostʼ. Isskusstvo. Arxeologija. Ježegodnik 1974 [Monuments of culture. New
|
||
discoveries. Writing. Art. Archeology. Yearbook 1974]</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1975</date></bibl>. Such a striking a coincidence across a
|
||
vast space could hardly have taken place independently, without intermediaries. Such
|
||
intermediaries could be the Scythian-Sarmatian tribes, who in the West were in contact
|
||
with the Proto-Italics, and in the East with the peoples of Central Asia. As for the role
|
||
of the wolf in totemic legends, it has the widest distribution outside of Europe: among
|
||
the Turks and Mongols, among the northern peoples of Siberia, among the Indians of North
|
||
America. See, in particular: <bibl><author xml:lang="en">Lipec</author>. <title xml:lang="en"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes" xml:lang="ru">Lico volka
|
||
blagoslovenno... [The face of the wolf is blessed ....]</q></title>. <title xml:lang="ru">Sov. ètnografija [Soviet ethnography]</title>, <date>1981</date>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">№ 1, стр. 123</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№ 1, p.
|
||
123</biblScope></bibl> (especially the excerpts <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Wolf
|
||
the ancestor</q> and <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Wolf the breadwinner, the
|
||
educator</q>). — See also papers: <bibl><author xml:lang="en">V. V. Ivanov</author>
|
||
<title xml:lang="en">Volk [Wolf]</title> in encyclopedia: <title xml:lang="en"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Mify narodov mira [Myths of the peoples of the
|
||
world]</q> (I</title>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1980, p. 242</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author xml:lang="ru">В. В. Иванова</author>. <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Волк</q></title> в энциклопедии <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes" xml:lang="ru">Мифы народов мира</q> (I</title>,
|
||
<date>1980</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 242</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 242</biblScope></bibl>) and <bibl><title xml:lang="en">Bliznečnye
|
||
mify [Twin myths]</title>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">ibid., p. 242</biblScope></bibl>.
|
||
— Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/>, the same root in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"><w>xsīn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>lady</q></gloss></ref>; see also <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">wærg</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wærxæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wærgon"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1935 V 74—75</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>189, 199, 223</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>86—92</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |