abaev-xml/entries/abaev_7xsær.xml
2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00

244 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsær</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_7xsær" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d4907e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsær</orth></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsæræ</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d4907e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>лесной орех</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>hazelnut</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>лещина</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>hazel</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>Corylus avellana</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>Corylus avellana</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"><w>ænguz</w>
<gloss><q>грецкий орех</q></gloss></ref></note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"><w>ænguz</w>
<gloss><q>walnut</q></gloss></ref></note>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>æxsærbyn</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">орешник</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hazel</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>лещинник</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>thickets of hazel</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zad sty <oRef>xsærtæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лещина уродилась</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hazel is in
<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230626T220208+0300" comment="можно ли так сказать про кусты?"?>vigour<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
<biblScope>1975 II 34</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...<oRef>æxsær</oRef> wīstæj bijyn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плести из прутьев лещины</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">weave out of hazel twigs</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
<biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæmi ærtudtaj <oRef>æxsærtæ</oRef>?</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где ты нарвал лещину?</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where did you get the hazel?</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1956 XII 45</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsæræ</oRef> kʼotærbæl bor
xumællæg</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на кусте лещины бурый хмель</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are brown hops on a hazel bush</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
<biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsærʒawæni</oRef> kizgajtæ ǧazd
sarazuncæ fæstund</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девушки, собирающие орехи, устраивают после
сбора игру</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">girls picking nuts arrange a game after
collecting</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærizǧæluncæ <oRef>æxsærtæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">орешки рассыпаются</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nuts crumble</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/></ref>
<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærxæstæg dæn <oRef>æxsærbunmæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я приблизился к орешнику</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I approached the hazel</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
<biblScope>II 54</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — Отмечено в
топонимии: д. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">Æxsærisær</w>
<gloss><q>Над орешником</q><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (название
селения)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (название
селения)</note></gloss></mentioned></note>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — Attested in
toponymy: Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">Æxsærisær</w>
<gloss><q>Over the hazel</q><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (название
селения)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (village
name)</note></gloss></mentioned></note>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Справедливо сближается с <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>ṣara-</w>
<gloss><q>семечко</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>)</note></mentioned>. <note type="footnote"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Harmatta</hi> сопоставляет <hi rendition="#rend_bold">кушанское</hi> имя <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><w>Saroβirδo</w><note type="bibl">
(<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Кара-Тепе</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>. <date>1969</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
99</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note> Дальнейшее неясно. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> восстанавливает базу <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kser-</w></mentioned>. Но такая база с подходящим значением в
индоевропейском не распознается. Сближение с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>akṣoṭa-</w>
<gloss><q>грецкий орех</q></gloss></mentioned> фонетически сомнительно. Случайным надо
считать и созвучие с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣarupantrā-</w> (?) <gloss>название небольшого кустарника</gloss>
<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_PW"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Возможно, что <oRef>xsær</oRef> следует возводить к
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšadra-</w></mentioned> (как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/> к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθra-</w></mentioned>) и связать с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsædyn"><w>xšædyn</w>
<gloss><q>лущить</q></gloss></ref>: орех<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">предмет
лущения</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лущенный</q>. В семантическом плане ср.
<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
<w>kaklva</w>, <w>kakvla</w>
<gloss><q>лущить (орех)</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kakali</w>
<gloss><q>орех</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
<biblScope>IV 1027</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
<biblScope>19, 20</biblScope></bibl>) или <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
<w>lúščiti</w>
<gloss><q>лущить</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><w>lûsk</w>
<gloss><q>стручок</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
<biblScope>II 71, 73)</biblScope></bibl>.<note type="footnote">Отглагольные имена на
<c>-ra-</c> весьма обычны в индоиранском. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">(Suffix)
<c>-ra-</c> geht auf ig. <c>-ro-</c> zurück, das in der Grundsprache ein sehr
beliebtes Suffix zur Bildung von Adjektiven <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">mit der
Bedeutung mit dem Verbalbegriff behaftet</q> gewesen zu sein scheint... aktivisch
(śakra-<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">helfend</q>), passivisch (z. B. miśra- <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">vermischt</q>)</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
<biblScope>II 2 852—853</biblScope></bibl>).</note> См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsædyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
<biblScope>407</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">It is brought together with <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>ṣara-</w>
<gloss><q>seed</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>)</note></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Harmatta</hi> compares the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Kushan</hi> name <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><w>Saroβirδo</w><note type="bibl">
(<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Kara-Tepe</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>. <date>1969</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
99</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note> Further, it is unclear. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> reconstructs the base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kser-</w></mentioned>. But such a base with a suitable meaning is not
recognized in Indo-European. Bringing together with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>akṣoṭa-</w>
<gloss><q>walnut</q></gloss></mentioned> is phonetically doubtful. Accidental is also
resemblance to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣarupantrā-</w> (?) <gloss>name of a small shrub</gloss><note type="bibl">
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_PW"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Perhaps,
<oRef>xsær</oRef> should be traced back to<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšadra-</w></mentioned> (like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/> to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθra-</w></mentioned>) and related to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsædyn"><w>xšædyn</w>
<gloss><q>peel</q></gloss></ref>: the nut is an <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">object
of peeling</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">peeled one</q>. Semantically, cf.
<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
<w>kaklva</w>, <w>kakvla</w>
<gloss><q>peel (nut)</q></gloss></mentioned> along with <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kakali</w>
<gloss><q>nut</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
<biblScope>IV 1027</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
<biblScope>19, 20</biblScope></bibl>) or <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
<w>lúščiti</w>
<gloss><q>peel</q></gloss></mentioned> along with <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><w>lûsk</w>
<gloss><q>pod</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
<biblScope>II 71, 73)</biblScope></bibl>.<note type="footnote">Deverbal names with
<c>-ra-</c> are quite common in Indo-Iranian. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">(Suffix) <c>-ra-</c> geht auf ig. <c>-ro-</c> zurück, das in der Grundsprache ein
sehr beliebtes Suffix zur Bildung von Adjektiven <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">mit
der Bedeutung mit dem Verbalbegriff behaftet</q> gewesen zu sein scheint...
aktivisch (śakra-<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">helfend</q>), passivisch (z. B.
miśra- <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">vermischt</q>)</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
<biblScope>II 2 852—853</biblScope></bibl>).</note> See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsædyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
<biblScope>407</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>