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204 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_karz" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3745e66" type="lemma"><orth>karz</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3745e69">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3745e70">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крепкий (про напиток)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>strong (drink)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3745e79">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>резкий</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sharp</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3745e88">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>напряженный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>intense</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d3745e98">
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<re xml:id="re_d3745e100">
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<form xml:id="form_d3745e102" type="lemma"><orth>karz araqq</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3745e105">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крепкая водка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a strong vodka</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3745e123">
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<form xml:id="form_d3745e125" type="lemma"><orth>karz tox</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3745e128">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жестокая схватка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a vicious fight</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3745e140">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3745e142" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>niccæjtædæj xori karzæj wazal c’ete</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>от жара („напряжения“) солнца растаял холодный глетчер</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a cold glacier has melted because of the sun heat ("tension")</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3745e164" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ox, ox, ox! cæj karz æj, cæj! rast zærdæmæ nixxæccæ ‘j!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Ох, ох, ох! до чего крепка (арака)! дошла до самого сердца!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Oh, oh, oh! How strong it (vodka) is! It reached the very heart!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3745e186">
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<quote>aftæ karz ūs ū?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>неужели она такого крутого нрава женщина?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Does this woman really have such severe character?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3745e205">
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<quote>zæppaʒy k˳yʒ argævdynæj karzdær æfxærd iron adæm zongæ dær næ
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kodtoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зарезать в могильном склепе собаку — более тяжкого оскорбления
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осетины не знали</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to kill a dog in a grave tomb — Ossetians did not know a more serious
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insult</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>158</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3745e224">
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<quote>gas kʼærtajy ʒag yl karz axsæn āsk’æry</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>выливает на него (молоко) целое ведро крепкой сычужной массы</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>s/he pours (milk) on him, an entire bucket of rennet mass</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III
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145</biblScope></bibl>) сопоставлял с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e324" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e250" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>kərəsa-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e329" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e255" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṛša-</w>
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<gloss><q>тощий</q></gloss></mentioned>. Вряд ли можно предложить что-нибудь
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лучшее, хотя различие значений создает затруднения. Можно было бы указать как
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семантическую параллель отношение <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e337" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e263" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>kartūs</w>
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<gloss><q>горький</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e345" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e271" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>katu-</w>
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<gloss><q>острый</q></gloss></mentioned> к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e354" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e280" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w n="0">кратъкъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e359" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e286" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>curtus</w>
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<gloss><q>короткий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e367" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e294" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
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<w>cert</w>
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<gloss><q>маленький</q></gloss></mentioned>. — От этой же основы — глагол
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærzyn"/> ‘содрогаться (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærzyn</hi>, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kard"/>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/>). Может быть, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kar-s-</hi> и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kar-t-</hi> представляют
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удлинения одного и того же корня <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kar</hi> (и.е.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳er-</hi>) ‘резать’, откуда с одной стороны
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‘режущий’, ‘острый’, ‘крепкий’, ‘горький’ (ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi>, лит. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kartus</hi>), с другой —
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‘урезанный’, ‘уменьшенный’, ‘тощий’ (ав. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəsa-</hi>, лат. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">curtus</hi> и пр.).<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note> Слово <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi> распознается в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">скифских(!!!)</hi> собственных именах Καρσος, Καρζεις, Καρζοαζος
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>170–171</biblScope></bibl>). — При разъяснении груз. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mk’acri</hi> ‘суровый’, ‘строгий’ следует ли
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считаться с ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi> [<hi rendition="#rend_italic">mk’acri</hi> из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*m-karc-</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kars</hi> с начальным <hi rendition="#rend_italic">m</hi> (классный показатель лица) и характерным для
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грузинского перебоем сибилянта в аффрикат, ср. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒn-eli</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zyn</hi>]?</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Ws. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Miller</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III
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145</biblScope></bibl>) compared it to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e250" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e324" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>kərəsa-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e255" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e329" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṛša-</w>
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<gloss><q>skinny</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is unlikely that a better
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explanation exists, although the difference between the meaning causes
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difficulties. It is possible to mention as the semantic parallel the relation
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e263" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e337" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>kartūs</w>
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<gloss><q>bitter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e271" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e345" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>katu-</w>
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<gloss><q>sharp</q></gloss></mentioned> to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e280" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e354" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>kratъkъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e286" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e359" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>curtus</w>
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<gloss><q>short</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3745e294" xml:id="mentioned_d3745e367" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
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<w>cert</w>
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<gloss><q>small</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærzyn"/> ‘to shudder' (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærzyn</hi>, as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kard"/>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/>) is from the
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same stem. It is possible that <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kar-s-</hi> and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kar-t-</hi> represent the lengthening of the same
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root <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kar</hi> (Indo-European <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳er-</hi>) ‘to cut’, from which there are on the
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one hand ‘cutting’, ‘sharp’, ‘strong’, ‘bitter’ (Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi>, Lithuanian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kartus</hi>), and, on the other hand, — ‘cut’, ‘reduced’, ‘skinny’ (Avestan
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəsa-</hi>, Latin <hi rendition="#rend_italic">curtus</hi> etc.).<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT
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NOTE HERE </note> The word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi> is
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identified in Scythian proper names <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3745e385" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>Καρσος</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3745e390" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Καρζεις</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3745e393" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Καρζοαζος</w></mentioned>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>170–171</biblScope></bibl>). — While explaining Georgian
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">mk’acri</hi> ‘severe’, ‘strict’, should one
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consider Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi> [<hi rendition="#rend_italic">mk’acri</hi> from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*m-karc-</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kars</hi> with the initial
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">m</hi> (a class person marker) and a typical
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for Georgian the change of a sibilant into an affricate, cf. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒn-eli</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zyn</hi>]?</etym>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Wikander</hi> не без основания указывает, что значение 'тощий’ для ав. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəsa-</hi> мало подходит в собственных именах <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kərəsaspa</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kerəsaoxšan</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kərəsavazdah</hi>. Он
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считает, что имена эти принадлежали среде, где <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəsa-</hi> имело значение ’wild’, ’stürmisch’, “kräftig’ (<bibl/><hi rendition="#rend_bold">Vayu I 135 сл.</hi>). Если это была близкая к скифам
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среда, то значение ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi> разъясняется в
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этой же семантической сфере.</note>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Wikander</hi> indicated not without good reason that the meaning 'skinny’
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for <hi rendition="#rend_bold">AV</hi>
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəsa-</hi> is not suitable in proper names <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kərəsaspa</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kerəsaoxšan</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kərəsavazdah</hi>. He thinks
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that these names belonged to an environment where <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kərəsa-</hi> meant ’wild’, ’stürmisch’, “kräftig’ (<bibl><biblScope>Vayu I
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135 f.</biblScope></bibl>). If this environment was close to Scythians,
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the meaning of Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karz</hi> is explained in
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the same semantic sphere.</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |