226 lines
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14 KiB
XML
226 lines
No EOL
14 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sapon</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_sapon" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d5945e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sapon</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sapojnæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5945e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мыло</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>soap</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iron adæm <oRef>sapon</oRef> sæxædæg kodtoj
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fænykdonæj æmæ sojæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осетины мыло изготовляли сами из зольной воды и
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жира</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ossetians made soap themselves from solution of
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ash and fat</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1966 IV 74</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bæxæj faǵysæj nicwal zyndī... Batraʒ æj
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aryqqag <oRef>saponæj</oRef> cynadta </quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">конь был весь в навозе; Батрадз помыл его
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арыкским мылом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the horse was all covered with manure, Batyradz
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washed it with aryqq soap</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>45</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">В эпосе
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<oRef>sapon</oRef>
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<gloss><q>мыло</q></gloss> встречается обычно с эпитетом <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>aryqqag</w></mentioned>, указывающим на особо высокое качество. От местности
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Aryqq</w></mentioned>?</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">In the sagas
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<oRef>sapon</oRef>
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<gloss><q>soap</q></gloss> usually occurs with epiteth <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>aryqqag</w></mentioned> that denotes a very high quality. Is it derived from
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the name of the locality <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Aryqq</w></mentioned>?</note>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> aryqq <oRef>sapon</oRef> sæm radavy æmæ sæ
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ūmæj ryngyxsad yrkæny</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">арыкское мыло им выносит и им их начисто
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обмывает</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[he] brings them aryqq soap and washes them
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clean with it</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tas wydīs <oRef>sapony</oRef> fynkæj jæ tækkæ
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ʒag</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">таз был полон мыльной пены</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the basin was full of soap foam</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1957 III 60</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xor æmæ xosæj xast, <oRef>saponæj</oRef> nad
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(bæx)</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(конь) вскормленный зерном и сеном, обмытый
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мылом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(the horse,) nurtured by grain and hay, washed
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with soap</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Xar._Zærdæ"/>
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<biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qwamæ balxædtaid <oRef>sapon</oRef>,
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ændæxtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он должен был купить мыло, нитки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he had to buy soap, threads</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
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<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dwargæron kʼumi ba — ærxi tas, ærxi qavǧan
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æma kʼoxæxsnæn <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sapojnæ</oRef>...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у двери в углу — медный таз, медный кумган и
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мыло для мытья рук</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">near the door, in the corner, there are a
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copper basin, a copper water jug and soap for hand washing</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1949 II 29</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ma sin rakænuj læværttæ: ... ku ængurtæ, ku
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<oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sapojnæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и делает им подарки: ... то удочки, то мыло</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and [he] gives them gifts: ... sometimes
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fishing rods, sometimes soap</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
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<biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Широко распространенное слово, как полагают, германского происхождения;
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ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>sāpe</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>soap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Seife</w></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
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<biblScope>II 1229</biblScope></bibl>). Ср., далее, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>sapo</w>, <w>saponis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
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<w>sapone</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>savon</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>sapunъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>szappan</w></mentioned>. Рано вошло в восточные языки: <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>ṣabūn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/><w>sabun</w>, <w>sapun</w>,
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<w>sabyn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>sapəń</w>, <w>sapuń</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mns"><lang/><w>
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sāpən</w></mentioned> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/><biblScope>
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258</biblScope></bibl>). Безраздельно господствует также в языках Кавказа: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>sapʼon</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>sapʼoni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-sapʼən</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>sapun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>zapun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>sapun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx" extralang="tab"><lang/>
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<w>sa'bun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>sapa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>sāba</w> (мн. ч. <w>sabanaš</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>sabən</w></mentioned>; сюда ли <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
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<w>čʼəfa</w><gloss>
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<q>мыло</q></gloss></mentioned>? В осетинский слово могло войти из тюркских.
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Грузинский как источник менее вероятен, ввиду несоответствия груз. <c>pʼ</c> || ос.
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<c>р</c>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>II 84</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The word is widespread, it has, as they believe, the Germanic origin;
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cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>sāpe</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>soap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Seife</w></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
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<biblScope>II 1229</biblScope></bibl>). Cf., in addition, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>sapo</w>, <w>saponis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
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<w>sapone</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>savon</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>sapunъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>szappan</w></mentioned>. It was early borrowed into the Eastern languages: <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>ṣabūn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>sabun</w>, <w>sapun</w>, <w>sabyn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>sapəń</w>, <w>sapuń</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mns"><lang/><w>
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sāpən</w></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/><biblScope>
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258</biblScope></bibl>). The word has entirely occupied the Caucasian languages:
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<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>sapʼon</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>sapʼoni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-sapʼən</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/><w> sapun</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>zapun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>sapun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx" extralang="tab"><lang/>
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<w>sa'bun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/><w> sapa</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>sāba</w> (pl. <w>sabanaš</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>sabən</w></mentioned>; is <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
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<w>čʼəfa</w><gloss>
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<q>soap</q></gloss></mentioned> also a cognate? In Ossetic this word could come from
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Turkic. Georgian as the sourse of borrowing is less likely because of the inconsistensy of
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Georgian consonant <c>pʼ</c> to Ossetic <c>p</c>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>II 84</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |