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264 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sawlox</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_sawlox" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d2385e66" type="lemma"><orth>sawlox</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2385e69">
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<def xml:lang="ru">высоко ценимая в старину порода коней</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">the breed of horses that was hold in high regard in the old days</def>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><oRef>sawlox</oRef> bæx</orth><form type="variant"><orth><oRef>sawloxag</oRef> bæx</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">конь шавлоховской породы</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">a horse of the Šoloxov breed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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||
<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...farast baræǵy... topp — eræʒypp, qrimag,
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bæx — <oRef>sawlox</oRef> bæxtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девять всадников... ружья (у них) —
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<emph>ерадзып</emph>, крымские, кони <emph>шавлоховские</emph></q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there were nine riders.… they had guns called
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<emph>eradzypp</emph> which were Crimean, the horses were <emph>of the Šoloxov
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breed</emph></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tæx, mæ <oRef>sawloxag</oRef>, wadaw</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лети, мой шавлоховский (конь), как ветер</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fly, my Šoloxov horse, as fast as the wind</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Уац."/>
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<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ajs mæ <oRef>sawloxag</oRef> æd sarǧ, æd
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widon</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">возьми моего шавлоховского (коня) с седлом, с
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уздечкой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">take my Šoloxov horse with the saddle and with
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the bridle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zazajy æmbīsondy bæxræǧawæj tækkæ dywwæ
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xwyzdær bæxy — dywwæ <oRef>sawloxaǵy</oRef> — ...kærtmæ ærbatyg˳yr kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из прославленного табуна Заза он двух самых
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лучших коней — двух шавлоховских — пригнал во двор</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he drove two best horses from the Zaza's
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glorious herd, two Šoloxov ones, to the yard</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ saw <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawloxbæl</oRef> nizzirzir kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он закачался на своем вороном шавлохе</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he started to wiggle on his black Šoloxov
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horse</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1934 III—IV 84</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">de ’rǧajwag <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawlox</oRef> nizzadæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">«шавлоховская (кобыла) из твоего табуна
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ожеребилась</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a one Šoloxov horse from your herd has
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foaled</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1958 III 24</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">onæj ba sæ ew baduj sawdumæg, sawbarcæ cʼæx
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<oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawlox</oRef> bæxbæl</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из них один сидит на чернохвостом, черногривом
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сером шавлоховском коне</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one of them is sitting on a black-tailed,
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black-maned grey Šoloxov horse</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>1</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūj sæ bæx wyd syǧdæg <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawloxag</oRef>... ūj sæ nymæt — syǧdæg andiag</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">уж и конь у них был настоящий шавлоховский, уж
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и бурка у них — настоящая андийская</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they did have a true Šoloxov horse, their felt
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coat was indeed true Andean one</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 101</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Название происходит от кабардинской княжеской фамилии <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>Soloxo</w> (<w>Sowloxo</w>, <w>Sawloxo</w>)
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<gloss><q>Шолоховых</q></gloss></mentioned>, как название породы коней <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tram"/> от фамилии Трамовых. Фамилия <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>Soloxo</w></mentioned> относилась к бесленеевской ветви кабардинского народа:
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Народ бесленеевский живет в 11 аулах и имеет
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князей и дворянство; старшие князья у них Каноковы и Шолоховы, потомки Беслана сына
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Инала Касая, родоначальника кабардинских князей</q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Сталь</author>. <title>Этнографический очерк черкесского народа</title>.
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<biblScope>[1852]</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl xml:lang="ru"><title>Кавказский сборник, т.
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21</title>, <pubPlace>Тифлис</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1900, стр.
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83</biblScope></bibl>).<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Цитирую по Б. X. <name>Балкарову</name> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><title>Язык бесленеевцев</title>. <pubPlace>Нальчик</pubPlace>,
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<biblScope>1959, стр. 15</biblScope></bibl>). Об имени <foreign>Шолох</foreign> и княжеской фамилии
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<foreign>Шолоховых</foreign> см.: <bibl><author>Кушева</author>. <title>Народы
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Северного Кавказа и их связи с Россией в XVI—XVIII вв.</title>
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1963, стр. 109—112, 130,
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271—273</biblScope></bibl>. — Об известном в истории Кабарды князе Шолохе (XVI в.) см.
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также: <bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings
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1589—1605</title>. <pubPlace>I—II. Cambridge</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1970 II 636
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(index)</biblScope></bibl>.</note> Кони данной породы славились по всему Кавказу:
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Шаулох — конь горских заводов с тавром на
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правой ляжке</q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Броневский</author>.
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<title>Новейшие географические и исторические известия о Кавказе</title>, <pubPlace>т.
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II</pubPlace>. <biblScope>1823, стр. 229</biblScope></bibl>). Лермонтов в очерке <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Кавказец</q></title> рисует колоритный образ старого служаки Кавказской армии. Его
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обязательные атрибуты: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...шашка настоящая
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<emph>гурда</emph> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gorda"/>, — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">В. А.</hi>), кинжал — старый <emph>базалай</emph>, пистолет
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закубанской отделки, отличная крымская винтовка (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyrimag"/>,— <hi rendition="#rend_italic">В. А.</hi>), лошадь —
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чистый <emph>Шаллох</emph></q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>М. Ю.
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Лермонтов</author>, <title>Сочинения</title>, <biblScope>т. VI, М.—Л., 1957, стр.
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349</biblScope></bibl>).
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Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>ṡoloxə</w>
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<gloss><q>конь шолоховский</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
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<biblScope>XXV 3 38</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>šaulux</w>
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<gloss><q>порода коней</q></gloss></mentioned>. По преданиям, порода <oRef/> была
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выведена в результате долгой и тщательной селекции и тренировки.<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"> Есть сказ о старом Шоулохе, выведшем шоулоховскую
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породу адыгского коня. Говорят, что за всю жизнь в табуне Шоулоха число лошадей не
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превзошло ста голов. Когда же он, состарившись, передал это дело своим сыновьям, те за
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несколько лет довели число голов до тысячи. И вот сыновья стали нескромно хвастаться
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перед отцом: ты, мол, за всю жизнь смог вырастить только сто голов, а мы за несколько
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лет вон сколько развели. Тогда старик велел сыновьям построить большой загон с крепкой
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высокой оградой. Он приказал пригнать табун и запереть его в этом загоне, после чего
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велел выстрелами и гиком напугать лошадей. Испуганные лошади заметались в загоне, и,
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говорят, только пятьдесят лошадей из тысячи смогли перепрыгнуть через высокую ограду и
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ускакать. Тогда старый Шоулох сказал сыновьям: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Вот те, что перепрыгнули через ограду, — это кони
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моей породы. А те, что остались в загоне, — те не кони, а коровы, и я их не
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считаю</q></quote></q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Керашев</author>.
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<title>Дочь шапсугов</title>. <pubPlace>Майкоп</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1951, стр.
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53—54</biblScope></bibl>). — Быть может, не случайным созвучием, а наследием древних
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русско-адыгских связей является донская казачья фамилия <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-south"><w>Шолоховы</w></mentioned>. Фамилия <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-south"><w>Шолоховых</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Sawloxtæ</w></mentioned>
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хорошо известна и в Осетии. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tram"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_caǧdi6j9"/>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The name of a horse originates from the Kabardian princely surname
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<mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>Soloxo</w> (<w>Sowloxo</w>, <w>Sawloxo</w>)
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<gloss><q>Šoloxov</q></gloss></mentioned>, just like the name of the horse breed
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tram"/> from the Tramov surname. The surname <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>Soloxo</w></mentioned> refered to Besleneev branch of the Kabardian
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people: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The Besleneev people live in 11 auls and
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have their own princes and nobility; the senior princes are Kanokovs and Šoloxovs, the
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descendants of Beslan, the son of Inal Kasaj, the ancestor of Kabardian
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princes</q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Stal'</author>. <title>Etnographičeskij
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ocherk čerkesskogo naroda</title> [An ethnographical sketch of the Circassian people].
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<biblScope>[1852]</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Kavkazskij sbornik,
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v. 21</title>, <pubPlace>Tiflis</pubPlace>, <date>1900</date>, <biblScope>p.
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83</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote">I am citing this according to B. X.
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<name>Balkarov</name> (<bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Yazyk besleneevcev</title> [The language of
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the Besleney people]. <pubPlace>Nalchik</pubPlace>, <date>1959</date>,
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<biblScope>p. 15</biblScope></bibl>). About the name <foreign>Sholokh</foreign> and
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princal family of <foreign>Šoloxovs</foreign> see: <bibl><author>Kuševa</author>.
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<title>Narody Severnogo Kavkaza i ix svyazi s Rossiej v XVI—XVIII vv.</title> [The people of
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the North Caucasus and their connections with Russia in 16-18 centuries]
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<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1963</date>, <biblScope>p. 109—112, 130,
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271—273</biblScope></bibl>. — See also: <bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>Russian
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Embassies to the Georgian Kings 1589—1605</title>. <pubPlace>I—II.
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Cambridge</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1970 II 636 (index)</biblScope></bibl> about the
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prince Sholokh (16 c.) who was famous in the Kabardian history .</note> The horses of
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this breed were famous throughout the Caucasus: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Shaulokh is a horse of highlanders' stud farm with a brand on its right
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leg</q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Bronevskij</author>. <title>Novejšije
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geographičeskije i istoričeskije izvestija o Kavkaze</title> [The latest geographical and
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historical findings on the Caucasus], <pubPlace>vol. II</pubPlace>.
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<biblScope>1823, p. 229</biblScope></bibl>). Lermontov in his essay <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The Caucasian</q></title> paints a picturesque image of
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an old soldier in the Caucasian army. His mandatory atributes are: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...a real sabre called <emph>gurda</emph> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gorda"/>, — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">V. A.</hi>), a
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dagger — an old <emph>bazalaj</emph>, a gun made in South Kuban, an exellent Crimean
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rifle (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyrimag"/>,— <hi rendition="#rend_italic">V. A.</hi>) and a horse which is a pure <emph>Shallokh</emph></q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>M. Ju. Lermontov</author>, <title>Sočinenija</title> [Collected
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works], <biblScope>vol. VI, M.—L., 1957, p. 349</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>ṡoloxə</w>
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<gloss><q>Šoloxov horse</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
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<biblScope>XXV 3 38</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
||
<w>šaulux</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>a horse breed</q></gloss></mentioned>. According to legends, the <oRef/> breed
|
||
was developed as a result of a long and thorough selection and trainings.<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">There is a tale about old Shaulokh, who developed the
|
||
Šoloxov breed of an Adyghe horse. It is been said that the number of horses in
|
||
Shaulokh's herd didn't overcome one hundred in his entire life. When he handed this
|
||
affair over to his sons, having grown old, they brought the number of horses to one
|
||
thousand in a couple of years. The sons started to show off immodestly in front of
|
||
their father: you could raise only one hundred heads in your entire life, whereas we
|
||
breeded that much in a couple of years. Then the old man ordered his sons to build a
|
||
big corral with a strong high fence. He commanded to drive a herd and to lock it in
|
||
this corral, after that he ordered to frighten the horses with gunshots and cries. The
|
||
scared horses started dashing around the corral and, they say, only fifty horses from
|
||
a thousand could jump over the hich fence and gallop away. Then old Shoulokh said to
|
||
his sons: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">That ones that have jumped over the
|
||
fence are the horses of my breed. And that ones that have stayed in the corral are
|
||
not horses, but cows, and I don't count them</q></quote></q></quote>
|
||
(<bibl><author>Kerašev</author>. <title>Doč' šapsugov</title> [The daughter of
|
||
the Shapsugs]. <pubPlace>Maykop</pubPlace>, <date>1951</date>, <biblScope>p. 53 —
|
||
54</biblScope></bibl>). — It is possible that the Don Cossack surname <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-south"><w>Šoloxovy</w></mentioned> is not a random consonance, but a
|
||
heritage of ancient Russian-Adyghe contacts. The surname <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-south"><w>Šoloxov</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Sawloxtæ</w></mentioned> is
|
||
well known also in Ossetia. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tram"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_caǧdi6j9"/>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._Диг._сказ."/>
|
||
<biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
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</TEI> |