344 lines
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22 KiB
XML
344 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tærs</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tærs" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230212T124902+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5245e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tærs</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tærsæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5245e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бук</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>beech</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, <q>Fagus silvatica</q> и <q>Fagus
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orientalis</q></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, <q>Fagus silvatica</q> and <q>Fagus
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orientalis</q></note>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>чинар</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Oriental plane</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tærs<ref type="xr" target="#entry_bælas">bælas</ref></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<def xml:lang="ru">id.</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">id.</def>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tærs<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1">qæd</ref></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">буковый лес</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">beech forest</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>буковая древесина</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>beech wood</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bærzond <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælæstæ…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">высокие буки…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">high beech trees…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1958 III 23</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stavd <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælasy
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bynʒæfxad…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пень толстого бука</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stump of a thick beech</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1957 VI 36</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pælæxsar <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælæstæ bærzond
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fæcydysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">развесистые буки устремились ввысь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wide-branching beech trees are
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115316+0300" comment="устремились ввысь"?>stretching
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upward<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iron x˳yjy myggag æncon daræn: særd sæ xyztoj
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særvæty, fæzzæg ta — <oRef>tærsæj</oRef> nard</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осетинскую породу свиней легко содержать: летом
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их пасли на выгоне, осенью же они жирели от буковых орешков</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115353+0300" comment="здесь же не Ossetic?"?>Ossetian<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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breed of pigs is easy to keep: in the summer they grazed on pasture, in the fall
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they grew fat from beech nuts</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1962 X 68</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dyrǧbælæstæ ʒy næj, zajy ʒy
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<oRef>tærs</oRef>, zaz, naz, færv æmæ ændærtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">фруктовых деревьев там нет, растут там бук,
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негной, ель, ольха и другие (деревья)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are no fruit trees there,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115511+0300" comment="так ок же?"?>there
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grow<?oxy_comment_end ?> beech, yew, spruce, alder and other (trees)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><title>Ræstʒīnad</title>
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<biblScope>25 IV 1968</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zærond <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælasy cʼar væjjy
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ūrsbyn cʼæx æmæ læǧzgomaw</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кора старого бука бывает светло-серой и
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гладкой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the bark of an old beech
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115709+0300" comment="бывает"?>can
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be<?oxy_comment_end ?> light gray and smooth</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1967 IV 77</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">styr <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælas æd wīdægtæ
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ʽsræmyǧta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">большой бук он вырвал с корнями</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he uprooted a large beech tree</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 23</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ræsuǧd <oRef>tærsæ</oRef> bælasi buni je
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ʽxsævewat ærkodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">под красивым буком он расположился на
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ночлег</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">under a beautiful beech, he settled down for
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the night</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>215</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tærsæ</oRef> ǧædæj urunduqbæl æncad æxe
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ærwaǧta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он медленно опустился на кровать букового
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дерева</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he slowly sank down on the beechwood bed</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/>
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<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nirrezioncæ <oRef>tærsæ</oRef> bælæstæ sæ
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toppi ǧæræj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">буковые деревья дрожали от их ружейной
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пальбы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the beech trees trembled from their gunfire</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
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<biblScope>109</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæzzæg…, stavd <oRef>tærsitæn</oRef> sæ zad
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tillæg sæ bunmæ ku æræǧzæluj…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осенью, когда с толстых буков осыпается вниз
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обильный урожай (орешков)…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in autumn, when a plentiful harvest (of nuts)
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falls down from thick beech trees…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1956 VII 50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛšu-</w></mentioned> или <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛšta-</w>
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<gloss><q>твердый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жесткий</q></gloss>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в последнем случае с утратой <c>-t</c>: <w type="rec">tṛšta-</w> → <w type="rec">tærst</w> → <oRef>tærs</oRef>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūs"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsar6t9"><w>xsar</w></ref> и др.)</note></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>tṛṣṭa-</w>
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<gloss><q>твердый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жесткий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>taršu-</w>
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<gloss><q>твердый</q>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в противоположность <q>жидкому</q>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
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<w>taš</w>
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<gloss><q>твердый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>крепкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><w>bʼrg tš</w>
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<gloss><q>а firm wall</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/><biblScope>1941 IX 88</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Идеосемантика
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<q>твердый</q>, <q>крепкий</q> — <q>дерево</q> поддерживается многими примерами. Так,
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индоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">dereu</w></mentioned> дала, с одной стороны, слова со значением
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<q>твердый</q>, <q>крепкий</q>, <q>здоровый</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>drva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dhruva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>sъ-drav-</w></mentioned> и пр.; с другой — <q>дерево</q>, <q>дрова</q>,
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<q>бревно</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>dāru-</w>, <w>dru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dāru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>drěvo</w></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><author>Osthoff</author>. <title>Etymologische
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Parerga, I</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1901</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
||
98, 119 sq.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <title>Linguistics
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Today</title>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>стр. 138 sq.</biblScope></bibl> —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>I 450 sq.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>214–217</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. также <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>diraxt</w>
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<gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">draxta-</w>
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<gloss><q>крепко стоящий</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">прош.
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причастие от <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>drang-</w>
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<gloss><q>укреплять</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned></note></mentioned>.
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Не исключено, что ос. <oRef>tærs</oRef> (из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛsto-</w></mentioned>) и <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>trъstъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>трость</w><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (из <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">tṛsti-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>
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имеют общую индоевропейскую базу <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)ter-</w>
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<gloss><q>бьет твердым, крепким</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1022–1027</biblScope></bibl>). Мало вероятна связь осетинского слова с
|
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<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>talāśā-</w>, <w>tālīṣa-</w>
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<gloss>названия некоторых деревьев</gloss>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(об этих словах: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
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<biblScope>I 488, 499</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛšu-</w></mentioned> or <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛšta-</w>
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<gloss><q>solid</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hard</q></gloss>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(in the latter case with the
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115917+0300" comment="?"?>loss<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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of <c>-t</c>: <w type="rec">tṛšta-</w> → <w type="rec">tærst</w> → <oRef>tærs</oRef>,
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as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūs"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsar6t9"><w>xsar</w></ref> etc.)</note></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>tṛṣṭa-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>solid</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hard</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>taršu-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>solid</q>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(as opposed to
|
||
<q>liquid</q>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>taš</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>solid</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>firm</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><w>bʼrg tš</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>a firm wall</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/><biblScope>1941 IX 88</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ideosemantics
|
||
<q>solid</q>, <q>firm</q> — <q>tree</q> is supported by many examples. For example,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T120127+0300" comment="так ок? поменяла в англ немного структуру"?><note type="comment">base</note><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
||
<w type="rec">dereu</w></mentioned>
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T120152+0300" comment="?"?>gave<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
|
||
on the one hand, words with the meaning <q>solid</q>, <q>firm</q>,
|
||
<q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T120223+0300" comment="здоровый"?>strong<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>:
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>drva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dhruva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sъ-drav-</w></mentioned> etc.; on the other hand — <q>tree</q>, <q>firewood</q>,
|
||
<q>log</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dāru-</w>, <w>dru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dāru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>drěvo</w></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><author>Osthoff</author>. <title>Etymologische
|
||
Parerga, I</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1901</date>, <biblScope>p. 98,
|
||
119 sq.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <title>Linguistics
|
||
Today</title>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>p. 138 sq.</biblScope></bibl> —
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 450 sq.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
||
<biblScope>214–217</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. also <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>diraxt</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tree</q></gloss>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">draxta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>firmly standing</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">a past
|
||
participle of <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w>drang-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>strengthen</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned></note></mentioned>.
|
||
It is possible that Ossetic <oRef>tærs</oRef> (from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛsto-</w></mentioned>) and <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>trъstъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>trost'</w><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (from <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">tṛsti-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> have a common Indo-European
|
||
base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)ter-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T120524+0300" comment="бьет твердым, крепким??"?>hit
|
||
with something hard, strong<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned> etc.
|
||
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1022–1027</biblScope></bibl>). It is unlikely that the Ossetic word is
|
||
connected with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>talāśā-</w>, <w>tālīṣa-</w>
|
||
<gloss>some tree names</gloss>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(about these words see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 488, 499</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |