375 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
375 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tʼæpæn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tʼæpæn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d959e66" type="lemma"><orth>tʼæpæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d959e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>плоский</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>flat</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>уплощенный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>flattened</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>приземистый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>stocky</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>низкий</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>short</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>низина</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>lowland</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>плоскость</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>plane</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm">army</ref>
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tʼæpæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ладонь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">palm</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> («плоскость руки»)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">hand
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plane</q>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæxs">jæxsy</ref>
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tʼæpæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плоский ремешок на конце плетки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">flat strap at the end of the whip</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tʼæpæn<ref type="xr" target="#entry_byn_1">byn</ref>
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ag"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плоскодонный котел</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">flat-bottomed cauldron</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (в отличие от <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrǧ"/><ref type="xr" target="#entry_byn_1"><w>byn</w></ref></phr></mentioned>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (as opposed to <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrǧ"/><ref type="xr" target="#entry_byn_1"><w>byn</w></ref></phr></mentioned>)</note>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tʼæpæn <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæw"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">загробный мир</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">afterworld</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> («плоское селение»; шутливо)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">flat village</q>;
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as a joke)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef> ran ū, ænæ kʼ˳ypp, ænæ
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ʒyqq</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плоское место, без бугров, без впадин</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">flat place, without bumps, without cavities</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ mækʼ˳yl cʼupp amad wyd, fælæ myn kʼævdajy
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fæstæ <oRef>nytʼtʼæpæn</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">копна у меня была с острой верхушкой, но после
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дождя осела (стала плоской)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I had a shock with a sharp top, but after the
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rain it became flat</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fyngæn jæ ærtæ kʼaxæj ærtæ ʽvsymæry fæjnæ
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kʼaxy ajstoj, jæ <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef> ta jyn se xsæn nywwaǧtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из трех ножек треногого стола каждый из трех
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братьев взял по ножке, а плоскую его часть оставили в общем владении</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">of the three legs of the tripod table, each of
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the three brothers took a leg, and left its flat part in common possession</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">army <oRef>tʼæpæntæ</oRef> fæcaǧton</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я отбил ладони (от удивления)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I beat off my palms (in surprise)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dawy jæ army <oRef>tʼæpænæj</oRef> jæ kardy
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ærttivag bwar Toxtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тохта гладит ладонью блестящую поверхность
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своей шашки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tokhta strokes the shiny surface of his sabre
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with his palm</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azæmæt — <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef>, arsaw
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bæzærxyg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Азамат (был) приземистый, коренастый, как
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медведь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azamat (was) stocky, like a bear</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>130</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ army ʒyqqæj jæxsy <oRef>tʼæpænxor</oRef>
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fæxawdta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из впадины его руки отскочил (кусок кожи),
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достаточный для ремешка на конце плетки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the hollow of his hand (a piece of skin)
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bounced off, enough for a strap at the end of the whip</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 158</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ fonsi xezæntæ fæuncæ arf kæmtti, liǧz
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<oRef>tʼæpænti</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отары наши пасутся в глубоких ущельях, на
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ровных низинах</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our flocks graze in deep gorges, on flat
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lowlands</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1956 VII 50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">omæn zundgond æncæ
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221015T120040+0300" comment="NB ægas"?>ægas<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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ǧædi <oRef>tʼæpæntæ</oRef>, ærdoztæ, liǧzitæ æma kʼulduntæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ему известны во всем лесу низины, поляны,
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ровные места и пригорки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he knows lowlands, clearings, flat places and
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hillocks in the whole forest</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1956 VII 50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">razæj winuncæ <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef>
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budurtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">впереди они видят плоские равнины</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they see flat plains ahead</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>57<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">135</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>taban</w>, <w>tapan</w>
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<gloss><q>плоское, гладкое поемное место</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>подошва</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tabanak</w>
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<gloss><q>низкий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>малорослый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><phr>taban baləq</phr>
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<gloss><q>лещ</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>карась</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(«плоская рыба»)</note>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>III 963–964</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
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<biblScope>462</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Отсюда и <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>tʼabani</w>
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<gloss><q>подошва</q></gloss></mentioned>. Созвучные слова близкого значения в
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различных, не связанных родством языках указывают на звуковую символику: <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>tʼapa</w>, <w>tʼapanig</w>
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<gloss><q>плоский</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
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<biblScope>412</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bdk" extralang="udi"><lang/>
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<w>tapan</w>
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<gloss><q>живот</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
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<biblScope>XXXVII 166</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
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<w>čʼapani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-čʼapan</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>пупок</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(«углубление»)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>dabali</w>
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<gloss><q>низкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-pshav"><lang/>
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<w>tʼapʼo-bi</w>
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<gloss><q>впадины, ложбины в лесу</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Идеофоны типа <c>tpl</c>, <c>tpn</c> и т. п. означают
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обычно <q>круглый</q>, <q>выпуклый</q> и т. п. (см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/> и ср. ниже <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼæpænæg"><w>tʼæpænæg</w>
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<gloss><q>кадка</q></gloss></ref>). Но они же, по семантической поляризации, получают
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значение <q>плоский</q> и т. п., см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæbækk"/>. —
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<bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl> восстанавливает <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">(s)tep-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">(s)tap-</w></mentioned> (ср. <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
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<w>viṣṭap</w>
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<gloss><q>плоская поверхность</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>степь</w></mentioned>) и относит сюда ос. <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæbæǧ"><w>tæbæǧ</w>
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<gloss><q>тарелка</q></gloss></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
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<biblScope>1963 XXVI 83, 87, 89</biblScope></bibl>. — Cp.:
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<bibl><author>Kellens</author>, <title>Kratylos</title>
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<biblScope>1971 XVI 27</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Трубачев</author>,
|
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<title>Этимология 1965</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1967</date>,
|
||
<biblScope>стр. 39</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Pohl</author>, <title>Russian
|
||
Linguistics</title>
|
||
<biblScope>1975 II 87–88</biblScope></bibl>). Однако ос. <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef> выпадает из
|
||
этих сопоставлений: не говоря о смычно-гортанном <c>tʼ</c>, в исконно иранском слове имели
|
||
бы <w type="rec">tæfæn</w>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
||
<w>taban</w>, <w>tapan</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>flat, smooth place</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sole</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tabanak</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>short</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>undersized</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><phr>taban baləq</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q>bream</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crucian carp</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">flat fish</q>)</note>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 963–964</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
|
||
<biblScope>462</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. From it there is also
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tʼabani</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sole</q></gloss></mentioned>. Consonant words of similar meaning in various
|
||
unrelated languages indicate sound symbolism: <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tʼapa</w>, <w>tʼapanig</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>flat</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
|
||
<biblScope>412</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bdk" extralang="udi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tapan</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
|
||
<biblScope>XXXVII 166</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
||
<w>čʼapani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
|
||
<w>a-čʼapan</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>navel</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">cavity</q>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dabali</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>short</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-pshav"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tʼapʼo-bi</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>hollows in the forest</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Ideophones like <c>tpl</c>, <c>tpn</c> etc. usually
|
||
mean <q>round</q>, <q>convex</q> etc. (see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/>
|
||
and cf. below <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼæpænæg"><w>tʼæpænæg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tub</q></gloss></ref>). But
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T215504+0300" comment="они же?"?>they
|
||
themselves<?oxy_comment_end ?>, according to
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T215523+0300" comment="???"?>semantic
|
||
polarization<?oxy_comment_end ?>, get the meaning <q>flat</q> etc., see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæbækk"/>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl> reconstructs <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">(s)tep-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">(s)tap-</w></mentioned> (cf. <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
|
||
<w>viṣṭap</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>flat surface</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>step'</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>steppe</q></gloss></mentioned>) and refers here Ossetic <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef>,
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæbæǧ"><w>tæbæǧ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>plate</q></gloss></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 83, 87, 89</biblScope></bibl>. — Cf.:
|
||
<bibl><author>Kellens</author>, <title>Kratylos</title>
|
||
<biblScope>1971 XVI 27</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Trubachev</author>,
|
||
<title>Ètimologija 1965</title>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
|
||
<date>1967</date>, <biblScope>p. 39</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Pohl</author>,
|
||
<title>Russian Linguistics</title>
|
||
<biblScope>1975 II 87–88</biblScope></bibl>). However, Ossetic <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef> falls
|
||
out of these comparisons: apart from the stop-laryngeal <c>tʼ</c>, in the original Iranian
|
||
word we would have <w type="rec">tæfæn</w>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |