abaev-xml/entries/abaev_tasyn.xml
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tasyn</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_tasyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230203T220009+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
<form xml:id="form_d5731e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tasyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>tast</orth></form></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tasun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>tast</orth></form></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d5731e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>гнуть</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>to bend</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<sense xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в дигорском также</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in Digor also</note>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>гнуть</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>to bend</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>сгибать</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>to flex</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>tasag</orth><form type="variant"><orth>tasæn</orth></form></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гибкий</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">flexible</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>tæssond</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шаткий</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">shaky</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>tasgæ-wasgæ</orth><form type="variant" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><usg><lang/></usg>
<orth>tasæ-wasæ</orth></form></form>
<sense>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">изгибаясь</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bending</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>покачиваясь</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>swaying</q>
</abv:tr>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (о походке)</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (about a gait)</note>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>tasyn kænyn</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гнуть</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to bend</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>сгибать</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>to flex</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tærsyn, wæ læmæǧ wærag k˳y
<oRef>fætasa</oRef> ūmæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">боюсь, как бы ваши слабые колени не
согнулись</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am afraid your weak knees might bend</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bælas talajæ k˳y næ <oRef>rtasyn</oRef>
kænaj, wæd zærondæj nal tasy</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если дерево не согнешь, пока оно молодое, то
старым оно уже не согнется</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">If you do not bend a tree while it is young, it
will not bend when it is old</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/>
<biblScope>III 1181 w.</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">maxæn næ sīs <oRef>fætasydī</oRef> — kælynæj
jyn ma tærsūt || maxæn Gæbīs færasyg ī — mælynæj jyn ma tærsūt</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наша стена погнулась — не бойтесь, не рухнет ||
наш Габис захмелел — не бойтесь, не умрет</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our wall is bent — don't worry, it won't
collapse || our Gabis got tipsy — don't worry, he won't die</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from a drinking song</bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tajmuraz fonʒyssæʒ nyxmælæwwæǵy raz dær… ne
<oRef>rtasydaid</oRef>, næ nasastaid</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Таймураз даже перед сотней противников не
согнулся бы, не покорился бы</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Taimuraz would not even bend before a hundred
opponents, would not yield</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew qæræw wæjug bælæstæ
<oRef>istasidæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">один кривой великан гнул деревья</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one squint-eyed giant was bending trees</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 100</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ne ndurtæ nin xæssun kenæ ba
<oRef>tasun</oRef> ku næ bafærazʒænæ, wæd æxsgæ ba ma kud fækkænʒænæ?</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наши луки ты не сможешь даже нести и согнуть,
как же ты (из них) выстрелишь?</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you can't even carry and bend our bows, so how
will you shoot (them)?</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
<biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ kox si kæmæ
<oRef>tastajdæ</oRef>?</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на кого из них (сыновей) поднялась бы
(<q>согнулась бы</q>) моя рука?</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">which of them (sons) would my arm rise
(<q>bend</q>) against?</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 14</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bajrag æ kæxtæbæl islæwwun næ bafærazta, æ
naræg wærgutæ æ buni <oRef>fettasioncæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жеребенок не смог встать на ноги, его тонкие
колени подгибались под ним</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the foal could not get to his feet, his thin
knees buckling under him</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<date>1958</date>
<biblScope>III 26</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">je xsæn ængulʒæ næbal
<oRef>ratastæj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его палец, которым стреляют, больше не
согнулся</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his finger that shoots doesn't bend anymore</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
<biblScope>113</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew xedi ǧosmæ niqqærtʒænæ… sibulʒæ æma
<oRef>tasæn</oRef> wes</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты дойдешь до одного моста… из карагача и
гибких прутьев</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you will get to one bridge... made of karagach
and flexible rods</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>I 112</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæwmæ ragiaw ku rafecawuj, æ naræg astæw
<oRef>tasæ-wašitæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда рано утром она шествует, слегка изгибая
свой тонкий стан…</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when she parades in the early morning, slightly
bending her slender waist…</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
<biblScope>54</biblScope><hi>₉₋₁₀</hi></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Слова со значением <gloss><q>гнуть(ся)</q></gloss> могут переносно
употребляться в смысле <gloss><q>напрягать(ся)</q>, <q>утомлять(ся)</q></gloss> и т. п.
(например, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>bend</w>
<gloss><q>сгибать</q><q>напрягать</q></gloss></mentioned>). Это дает право сближать
<oRef>tasyn</oRef> с <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>*tās-</w>
<note type="comment">в выражении <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>xwsẟ-ts</w>
<gloss><q>утомленный</q>, <q>изнуренный</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
<biblScope>82 сл.</biblScope></bibl>)</note><note type="comment"> = <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>xwast (æma) tast</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">битый (и)
гнутый</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>tāsa</w>
<gloss><q>грусть</q>, <q>беспокойство</q>, <q>тревога</q> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">напряжение</q>)</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>tāsa-vāsa</w>
<gloss><q>капризы (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">изгибы</q>) беременной
женщины</q></gloss></mentioned>, <note type="comment">формально = <lang>ос.</lang>
<oRef>tasæ-wasæ</oRef></note></mentioned>. Дальнейшее неясно. <quote><bibl>Вс.
<author>Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
<biblScope>II 51, 76</biblScope>)</bibl> усматривал здесь <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">иранский корень <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tans-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>tam̃s-</w>, <w>tam̃sati</w>
<gloss><q>тянуть</q>, <q>трясти</q>, <q>колебать</q>,
<q>таскать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>tę̄sti</w>
<gloss><q>тащить</q></gloss></mentioned></q></quote>. Позднее (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
<biblScope>III 153</biblScope></bibl>) он сравнивал <oRef>tasyn</oRef> с
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>taš-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>takṣ-</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>тесать</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Petersson</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/>
<date>1920</date>
<biblScope>XVI 3 67</biblScope>, <date>1923</date>
<biblScope>XIX 6 23 сл.</biblScope>)</bibl> привлекал <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>tek</w>
<gloss><q>согнутый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>tekel</w>
<gloss><q>сгибать</q></gloss></mentioned>, предполагая колебание корней <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">tek</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">teḱ-</w></mentioned>. По существу он возвращался ко второй этимологии Вс.
<name>Миллера</name>. <bibl><author>Bailey</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
<date>1956</date>, <biblScope>стр. 123 сл.</biblScope>)</bibl> анализирует <w type="rec">tā-s-</w>, где <w type="rec">tā-</w> связано с <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><w type="rec">tan-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>tanoti</w>
<gloss><q>напрягать</q>, <q>натягивать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Это близко к первой
этимологии Вс. <name>Миллера</name>, поскольку <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>tam̃s-</w></mentioned> представляет производное от
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230203T215928+0300" comment="не уверен, др.инд. или ар."?><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>tan-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæssond"><w>tæssond</w></ref>, а также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæssar"><w>tæssar</w></ref> (?).</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">he words with the meaning of <gloss><q>bend</q></gloss> may be used
figuratively in the sense of <gloss><q>to strain</q>, <q>to tire</q></gloss>, etc. (e.g.,
<mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>bend</w>
<gloss><q>to flex</q><q>to strain</q></gloss></mentioned>). This allows us to connect
<oRef>tasyn</oRef> to <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>*tās-</w>
<note type="comment">in the expression <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>xwsẟ-ts</w>
<gloss><q>tired</q>, <q>exhausted</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
<biblScope>82 w.</biblScope></bibl>)</note><note type="comment"> = <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>xwast (æma) tast</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">broken (and)
bent</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. This includes <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>tāsa</w>
<gloss><q>sadness</q>, <q>anxiety</q>, <q>restlessness</q> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">tension</q>)</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>tāsa-vāsa</w>
<gloss><q>caprices (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bends</q>) of a pregnant
woman</q></gloss></mentioned>, <note type="comment">formally =
<lang>Ossetic</lang>
<oRef>tasæ-wasæ</oRef></note></mentioned>. Further is unclear. <quote><bibl>Ws.
<author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"></ref>
<biblScope>II 51, 76</biblScope>)</bibl> saw here <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Iranian root <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tans-</w></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>tam̃s-</w>, <w>tam̃sati</w>
<gloss><q>to pull</q>, <q>to shake</q>, <q>to sway</q>, <q>to
drag</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>tę̄sti</w>
<gloss><q>to drag</q></gloss></mentioned></q></quote>. Later (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>III 153</biblScope></bibl>) he compared <oRef>tasyn</oRef> to
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>taš-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>takṣ-</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>to hew</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Petersson</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/>
<date>1920</date>
<biblScope>XVI 3 67</biblScope>, <date>1923</date>
<biblScope>XIX 6 23 ff.</biblScope>)</bibl> involved <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>tek</w>
<gloss><q>bend</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>tekel</w>
<gloss><q>to bend</q></gloss></mentioned>, suggesting a variation of the roots
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">tek</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">teḱ-</w></mentioned>. He was basically returning to Ws.
<name>Miller's</name> second etymology. <bibl><author>Bailey</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
<date>1956</date>, <biblScope>p. 123 w.</biblScope>)</bibl> analyzes <w type="rec">tā-s-</w>, where <w type="rec">tā-</w> is linked to <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><w type="rec">tan-</w></mentioned> in <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>tanoti</w>
<gloss><q>to tense</q>, <q>to strain</q></gloss></mentioned>. This is close to Ws.
<name>Miller's</name> first etymology, since <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>tam̃s-</w></mentioned> represents a derivation from
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230203T215928+0300" comment="не уверен, др.инд. или ар."?><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>tan-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæssond"><w>tæssond</w></ref>, also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæssar"><w>tæssar</w></ref> (?).</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>