213 lines
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13 KiB
XML
213 lines
No EOL
13 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">twag</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_twag" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d859e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>twag</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tawæg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d859e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кислый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sour</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re xml:lang="os-x-iron">
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<form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>twag cymgæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кисель</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fruit starch drink</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>tawæg <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼaf6f9æ">tʼaffæ</ref></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">щавель</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dock</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrxæg" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
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<w>x˳yrxæg</w></ref>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrxæg" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
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<w>x˳yrxæg</w></ref>)</note>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>twag <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">киснуть</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">turn sour</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>ystwag <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyn"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скиснуть</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">go sour</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>закиснуть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230117T182837+0300" comment="так ок??"?>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sour</q>
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</abv:tr><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>twag</oRef> dyrǧtæ fæxordton æmæ
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yscʼæxdændag dæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я поел кислых фруктов и набил себе оскомину</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I ate sour fruits and it made my mouth sore</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsyr <oRef>ystwag</oRef> ī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">молоко скисло</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the milk has gone sour</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ bæxæn... gæsæn es <oRef>tawæg</oRef>
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fætkʼu, æ <oRef>tawæg</oRef> smagæj æ ræzti racæwæn kæmæn næ es wæxæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у нашего коня в качестве стража есть кислое
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яблоко, такое, что от его кислого запаха мимо него невозможно пройти</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our horse has a sour apple as a guardian, such
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that it is impossible to pass by it because of its sour smell</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 73</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tāvaka-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>ttavaṃdya-</w>
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<gloss><q>желчь</q></gloss>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(колебание значений <q>кислый</q> || <q>горький</q>
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обычно)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>tuvara-</w>
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<gloss><q>вяжущий</q>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(о вкусе)</note></gloss>, <gloss><q>квасцы</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
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<biblScope>1960 XXIII 24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_HO"/>
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<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>tətu</w>
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<gloss><q>кислый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">š-tava</w>, <w type="rec">š-tavelь</w>
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<gloss><q>щавель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>štʼava</w>
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<gloss><q>сок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><w>štʼavel</w>
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<gloss><q>щавель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>щавель</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
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<w>щава</w>
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<gloss><q>щавель</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>минеральная («кислая»)
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вода</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. также <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
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<w>тавун</w>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230117T182450+0300" comment="так ок?"?><gloss>растение
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<q>трифоль</q> (<q>вахта</q>)</gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <gloss><q>Menyanthes
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trifoliata</q></gloss>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(названо по горькому вкусу? — ср. немецкое название
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этого растения <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Bitterklee</w>
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<gloss><q>горький клевер</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.
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Индоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)tu-</w></mentioned>?
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<bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl> относит сюда же <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>æntawyn</w>
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<gloss><q>заквашивать сусло</q></gloss></ref>. Однако в дигорском этот глагол означает
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<gloss><q>сгребать сено</q></gloss>, что явно выпадает из данного семантического поля;
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ср. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
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<biblScope>166</biblScope></bibl>. Другая индоевропейская база со значением
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<q>кислый</q> скрывается в словах <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrx"><w>x˳yrx</w>
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<gloss><q>кислая сыворотка</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrxæg"><w>x˳yrxæg</w>
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<gloss><q>щавель</q></gloss></ref>, q. v.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tāvaka-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>ttavaṃdya-</w>
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<gloss><q>bile</q></gloss>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(the variation of meanings
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<q>sour</q> || <q>bitter</q> is usual)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>tuvara-</w>
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<gloss><q>mouth-puckering</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>alum</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
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<biblScope>1960 XXIII 24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_HO"/>
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<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>tətu</w>
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<gloss><q>sour</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">š-tava</w>, <w type="rec">š-tavelь</w>
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<gloss><q>dock</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>štʼava</w>
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<gloss><q>juice</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><w>štʼavel</w>
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<gloss><q>dock</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>shchavel'</w>
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<gloss><q>dock</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
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<w>shchava</w>
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<gloss><q>dock</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>mineral (<q>sour</q>)
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water</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. also <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
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<w>tavun</w>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230117T182450+0300" comment="так ок?"?><gloss>plant
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<q>bogbean</q> (<q>buckbean</q>)</gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <gloss><q>Menyanthes
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trifoliata</q></gloss>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(named for its bitter taste? — cf. a German name for this plant
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<mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Bitterklee</w>
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<gloss><q>bitter clover</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Indo-European
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base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)tu-</w></mentioned>?
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<bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl> also refers to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>æntawyn</w>
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<gloss><q>ferment the wort</q></gloss></ref> here. However, in Digor this verb means
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<gloss><q>rake hay</q></gloss>, which clearly falls out of this semantic field; cf.
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
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<biblScope>166</biblScope></bibl>. Another Indo-European base with the meaning
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<q>sour</q> is hidden in the words <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrx"><w>x˳yrx</w>
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<gloss><q>acid whey</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrxæg"><w>x˳yrxæg</w>
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<gloss><q>dock</q></gloss></ref>, q. v.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |