265 lines
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18 KiB
XML
265 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xīd_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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||
</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
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||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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||
<text>
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<body>
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||
<entry xml:id="entry_xīd_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
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||
<form xml:id="form_d2939e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xīd</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xed</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2939e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мост</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bridge</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>pons</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>pons</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xīdyqūs</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">предмостье</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bridgehead</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>край моста</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>edge of bridge</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xīdgæs</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сторож (часовой), охраняющий мост</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">watchman (sentinel) guarding the bridge</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
||
<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xīdæj</oRef> k˳y axīzæm, wæd nyn tas
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nal ū</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда мы перейдем мост, то мы вне опасности</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when we cross the bridge, we are out of
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danger</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>219</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īx donyl sarazy jæ <oRef>xīd</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лед наводит на реке мост</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ice bridges the river</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ <oRef>xīd</oRef> saræztoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они построили свой мост</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they built their bridge</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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||
<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(ældary æfsædtæ) Zinony <oRef>xīd</oRef>
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ærcaxstoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(войска алдара) заняли мост (у селения)
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Жилвани</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(aldarʼs troops) occupied the bridge (near the
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village) Zhilvani</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wærtæ eci ciwan <oRef>xed</oRef> ka ʽj,
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obælti ærbacæwuj izæræj (wæjug)</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вон тот чугунный мост, по нему приходит вечером
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(ваюг)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">that cast-iron bridge over there, (the vayug)
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comes there in the evening </q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>haitu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
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<w>saitu-</w></mentioned>. Хорошо представлено в восточно-иранских языках (обычно с
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утратой начального <c>h-</c>): <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>yēd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>yéid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
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<w>īd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>yā̀ya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>yeya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>yotuk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>yatik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
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<w>hī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>itk</w>, <w>etk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>ytkw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>hī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">hīl</w>, <w type="rec">hel</w></mentioned> в названии реки <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w type="rec">Hīlmand</w>, <w type="rec">Helmand</w></mentioned> (=
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>Haetumant-</w></mentioned>), <note type="footnote">В афганском, как и в ряде
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памирских языков, рефлексы <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>haitu-</w></mentioned> вытеснены частично <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pul</w></mentioned>.</note>
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haetu-</w>
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<gloss><q>мост</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>setu-</w>
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<gloss><q>мост</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дамба</q></gloss></mentioned>. Этимологически
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связано, вероятно, с индоевропейской базой <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sei-</w>
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<gloss><q>плести</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вязать</q></gloss> и пр. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>891—892</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Мосты-плетенки известны
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во многих странах. Этимологически и по значению ср. <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>sĕtь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>сеть</w></mentioned>. — Из аланского идут <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>hid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xidi</w></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">В грузинском были и оригинальные слова для
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<q>моста</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>tʼivi</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>boga</w></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Tʼivi</w> в
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современном языке означает <gloss><q>плот</q></gloss></mentioned>, но значение
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<q>мост</q> сохранилось в <mentioned xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
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<w>tʼiv</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>tʼij</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>tʼaj</w></mentioned>.</note>
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<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (артвин.) <w>xitʼ</w>, <w>xit’ә</w>
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<gloss><q>мост</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>II 56, 74, III 138</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>20, 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
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<biblScope>346 sqq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
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<biblScope>IV 380, V 318</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>23, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Schmidt</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
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<biblScope>XVIII 2,94</biblScope></bibl> (утверждает без малейших оснований, что
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осетинское слово заимствовано из грузинского; ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
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<biblScope>XIX 2, 3, 27 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><author xml:lang="rus">Мачавариани</author>. <title xml:lang="rus">Общекартвельская система
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согласных</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="rus">Тбилиси</pubPlace>,
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<date>1965</date></bibl> (неубедительно оспаривается аланское происхождение <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xidi</w></mentioned>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
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<biblScope>263</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
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<biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica._Suppl."/>
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<biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
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<biblScope>481</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>55, 86, 251, 336</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>haitu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
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<w>saitu-</w></mentioned>. It is well represented in Eastern Iranian languages (usually
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with the loss of the initial al <c>h-</c>): <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>yēd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>yéid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
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<w>īd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>yā̀ya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>yeya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>yotuk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>yatik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
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<w>hī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>itk</w>, <w>etk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>ytkw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>hī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">hīl</w>, <w type="rec">hel</w></mentioned> in the name of the river
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<mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w type="rec">Hīlmand</w>, <w type="rec">Helmand</w></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>Haetumant-</w></mentioned>),<note type="footnote">In Pashto, as in a number of Pamir
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languages, reflexes of <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>haitu-</w></mentioned> are partially replaced by <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pul</w></mentioned>.</note>
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haetu-</w>
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<gloss><q>bridge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>setu-</w>
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<gloss><q>bridge</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>dam</q></gloss></mentioned>. Etymologically, it
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is connected probably with the Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sei-</w>
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<gloss><q>weave</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>knit</q></gloss> etc. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>891—892</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Braided bridges are known
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in many countries. Etymologically and semantically, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>sĕtь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>setʼ</w></mentioned>. — The Alanic word gave rise to <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>hid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xidi</w></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">Georgian also had original words for
|
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<q>bridge</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>tʼivi</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>boga</w></mentioned>. In modern language, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Tʼivi</w> denotes <gloss><q>raft</q></gloss></mentioned>, but the meaning
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<q>bridge</q> was preserved in <mentioned xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
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<w>tʼiv</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>tʼij</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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||
<w>tʼaj</w></mentioned>.</note>
|
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<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (Artvin.) <w>xitʼ</w>, <w>xit’ә</w>
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<gloss><q>bridge</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
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<biblScope>II 56, 74, III 138</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
||
<biblScope>20, 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
|
||
<biblScope>346 sqq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
|
||
<biblScope>IV 380, V 318</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>23, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Schmidt</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
|
||
<biblScope>XVIII 2,94</biblScope></bibl> (claims without the slightest reason that the
|
||
Ossetian word is borrowed from the Georgian; cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="eng">XIX 2, 3, 27 ff.</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><author xml:lang="eng">Mačavariani</author>. <title xml:lang="eng">Obščekartvelskaja sistema
|
||
soglasnyx [General Kartvelian consonant system]</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="eng">Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1965</date></bibl> (unconvincingly disputing the Alanic
|
||
origin of <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
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<w>xidi</w></mentioned>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
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<biblScope>263</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
||
<biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica._Suppl."/>
|
||
<biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
||
<biblScope>481</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>55, 86, 251, 336</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |