397 lines
No EOL
24 KiB
XML
397 lines
No EOL
24 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xatt_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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||
</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xatt_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230925T120044+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d4390e66" type="lemma"><orth>xatt</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4390e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>раз</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>time</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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||
<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>īw <oRef>xatt</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">один раз</q>
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||
</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one time</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>однажды</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>once</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>avd <oRef>xatty</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">семь раз</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">seven times</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в семь раз</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sevenfold</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>cal <oRef>xatty</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сколько раз</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how many times</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>acy <oRef>xatty</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на этот раз</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">this time</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>aly <oRef>xatt</oRef></orth><form type="variant"><orth><oRef>alxatt</oRef></orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">каждый раз</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">every time</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><oRef>xattæj-xatt</oRef></orth><form type="variant"><orth>īwæj-īw
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<oRef>xatt</oRef></orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">иногда</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sometimes</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>временами</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>at times</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (ср. <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">evstagmæ</quote>
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</example>) </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (cf. <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">evstagmæ</quote>
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</example>) </note>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>æstæm <oRef>xatt</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">редко</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">seldom</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>изредка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>occasionally</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>bīræ <oRef>xættyty</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">много раз</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">many times</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>многократно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>repeatedly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>k’ord <oRef>xatty</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<def xml:lang="ru">id</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">id</def>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læg (wæjygæn) īw <oRef>xatt</oRef>
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zaǧta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">человек однажды сказал (ваюгу)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a man once said (to Vayug)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">barst dyn wæd acy <oRef>xatt</oRef> acy
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tyxtona</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да простится тебе на этот раз этот грабеж</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may you be forgiven for this time of
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robbery</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæʒūrync æj fæfændy īwæj-īw
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<oRef>xatt</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">много чего хочется бедняку иногда</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there's a lot of things a poor man wants
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sometimes</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xattæj-xatt</oRef> zaryn q˳yst</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">временами слышалось пение</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there was the singing at times</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хазби"/>
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<biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xattæj-xatt</oRef> īw mæsyǧy alyvars jæ
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cæst axasta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">время от времени он обводил взгляд вокруг
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башни</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">every now and then he would take a look around
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the tower</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæd ta sæm racydīs dykkag <oRef>xatt</oRef>
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Wyryzmæg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тогда во второй раз вышел к ним Урызмаг</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">then Uryzmag came out to them a second time</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew <oRef>xatt</oRef> ba, psunæj kud racudæj,
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otæ ’j rairdtoncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">однажды они обнаружили его, когда он выходил из
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нужника</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one time, they found him coming out of a
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latrine</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>31</biblScope><hi>₁₃</hi></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew fonʒ <oRef>xattej</oRef> bærcæ ærc
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æwidæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раз пять он приходил</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he came by five times</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>5</biblScope><hi>₁₃</hi></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">otarmæ <oRef>xattæj-xatt</oRef> fæzzinnidæ
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cid Inaldoj kizgæ Zulemæt</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в кошару показывалась иногда дочь Иналдо
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Зулемат</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Inaldo's daughter Zulemat sometimes showed up
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at the barn</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>121</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru"><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author> связывал с <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xad-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>ri-xad-</w>
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<gloss><q>разломить</q>, <q>разбить</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 150</biblScope>)</bibl>, хотя никакого признака этого глагола в
|
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осетинском не отмечено. <name>Benveniste</name> рассматривал <oRef/> как прошедшее
|
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причастие от <note type="comment"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatun_1"><w>xatun</w>
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<gloss><q>поворачивать</q></gloss></ref></note> со ссылкой на <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
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<w>rolta</w></mentioned>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Études</ref>
|
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<biblScope>58</biblScope>)</bibl>. Сомнительно, если учесть, что в иронском нет глагола
|
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<w>xatyn</w> в значении <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">поворачивать</q>.
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<bibl><author>Штакельберг</author></bibl> видел в <oRef/>
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<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>qat</w>
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<gloss><q>раз</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Не исключено, что <oRef/> —
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лексикализованное причастие от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xætyn_2"><w>xætyn</w>
|
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<gloss><q>путешествовать</q>, <q>странствовать</q>, <q>бродить</q></gloss></ref> и
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означает собственно <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">путешествие</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">voyage</q></gloss>. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Не случайно, что понятие <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">fois</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">раз</q></gloss>)</mentioned> часто выражается
|
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словом, означающим <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">voyage</q></gloss>… В
|
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латинском языке <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>rices</w>, <w>ricissim</w></mentioned>
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просиходит от слова, означающего <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">voyage</q></gloss>, и само слово <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><w>voyage</w> в своей
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диалектной форме <w>yadze</w> служит <note type="comment">в нижнем Валэ
|
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(Швейцария)</note> для выражения понятия <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">раз</q></gloss></mentioned>. Аналогично <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sinþ</w> (собственно <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">путешествие</q></gloss>)</mentioned> служит для образования распределительных
|
||
наречий: <mentioned xml:lang="got"><phr>ainamna sinþa</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">один раз</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">однажды</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><w>þrim sinþam</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">трижды</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>. В значении <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">раз</q></gloss>употребляют в <mentioned xml:lang="gmh"><lang>средневерхненемецком</lang>
|
||
<w>allvart</w></mentioned>, в <mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang>ирландском</lang>
|
||
<w>fecht</w></mentioned>, в <mentioned xml:lang="cy"><lang>валлийском</lang>
|
||
<w>gwaith</w></mentioned>, в <mentioned xml:lang="nds"><lang>нижненемецком</lang>
|
||
<w>Reise</w></mentioned>, в <mentioned xml:lang="gmq"><lang>скандинавском</lang>
|
||
<w>gang</w></mentioned> все эти слова значат собственно <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">путешествие</q></gloss>. Это очевидно объясняется
|
||
естественным развитием значения, осуществившимся независимо в различных языках</q>
|
||
(<bibl><author>Вандриес</author>
|
||
<title>Язык. Лингвистическое введение в историю</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
|
||
<date>1937</date>, <biblScope>стр. 192—193</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. —
|
||
Образования типа <oRef>xattæj-xatt</oRef> также находят параллели в других языках; ср.,
|
||
например, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vāram-vāram</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>часто</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en"><bibl>V. <author>Miller</author> connected it with <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xad-</w></mentioned> in <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ri-xad-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>break apart</q>, <q>smash</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>III 150</biblScope>)</bibl>, although no indication of such a verb is found
|
||
in Ossetic. <name>Benveniste</name> considered <oRef/> as past participle of <note type="comment"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatun_1"><w>xatun</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>turn</q></gloss></ref></note> with reference to <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
|
||
<w>rolta</w></mentioned>
|
||
<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Études</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>58</biblScope>)</bibl>. It is doubtful, given that there is no verb
|
||
<w>xatyn</w> meaning <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">turn</q>.
|
||
<bibl><author>Stackelberg</author></bibl> witnessed in <oRef/>
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
||
<w>qat</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>time</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is probable that <oRef/> is
|
||
a lexicalized participle of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xætyn_2"><w>xætyn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>travel</q>, <q>wander</q>, <q>roam</q></gloss></ref> and means <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">journey</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">voyage</q></gloss>. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">It is no coincidence
|
||
that <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">fois</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">time</q></gloss>)</mentioned> concept is often expressed by a word meaning
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">voyage</q></gloss>… In Latin <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>rices</w>, <w>ricissim</w></mentioned> is derived from the word
|
||
meaning <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">voyage</q></gloss>, and the word
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="fr"><w>voyage</w> itself in its dialectal form <w>yadze</w>
|
||
serves <note type="comment">in Lower Valais (Switzerland)</note> to express the
|
||
notion <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">time</q></gloss></mentioned>.
|
||
Likewise <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sinþ</w> (practically <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">travel</q></gloss>)</mentioned> serves to form distributive adverbs: <mentioned xml:lang="got"><phr>ainamna sinþa</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">one time</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">once</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><w>þrim sinþam</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">thrice</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>. In the sence <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">time</q></gloss> it is also used in <mentioned xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>allvart</w></mentioned>, in <mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
||
<w>fecht</w></mentioned>, in <mentioned xml:lang="cy"><lang/>
|
||
<w>gwaith</w></mentioned>, in <mentioned xml:lang="nds"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Reise</w></mentioned>, in <mentioned xml:lang="gmq"><lang/>
|
||
<w>gang</w></mentioned>; all those words mean basically <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">travel</q></gloss>. This is evidently due to the
|
||
natural development of meaning, realized independently in different languages</q>
|
||
(<bibl><author>Vendryes</author>
|
||
<title>Jazyk. Lingvističeskoe vvedenie v istoriju [Language, a linguistic introduction
|
||
to history]</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1937</date>, <biblScope>pp.
|
||
192—193</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. — Formations like <oRef>xattæj-xatt</oRef> also
|
||
find parallels in other languages; cf. e.g. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vāram-vāram</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>often</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |