788 lines
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56 KiB
XML
788 lines
No EOL
56 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
||
<teiHeader>
|
||
<fileDesc>
|
||
<titleStmt>
|
||
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xorz</hi></title>
|
||
</titleStmt>
|
||
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
||
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
||
<sourceDesc>
|
||
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
||
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
||
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
||
</sourceDesc>
|
||
</fileDesc>
|
||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
||
</tagsDecl>
|
||
</encodingDesc>
|
||
</teiHeader>
|
||
<text>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<entry xml:id="entry_xorz" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
|
||
<form xml:id="form_d2549e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xorz</orth></form>
|
||
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwarz</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<sense xml:id="sense_d2549e69">
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>хороший</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>good</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>добрый</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>kind</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>славный</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>nice</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>добро</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>the good</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>благо</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>blessing</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>хорошо</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>well</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в первой части сложных слов — </note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in the first part of compound words — </note>
|
||
<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xærz-</orth></form>
|
||
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwærz-</orth></form>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærzæbon"/> и т.
|
||
д.)</note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærzæbon"/>
|
||
etc.)</note>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">сравн. степень — </note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">the comparative degree is </note>
|
||
<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xwyzdær</orth></form>
|
||
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwæzdær</orth></form>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒæbæx"/> и т.
|
||
д.)</note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒæbæx"/>
|
||
etc.)</note>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævzær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_3"/>, д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læǧuz"/></note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævzær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_3"/>, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læǧuz"/></note>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<form type="lemma"><orth>xorzʒīnad</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">достоинство</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dignity</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>добро</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>good</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>bonitas</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>bonitas</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<form type="lemma"><orth>xorz fenyn</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">угостить</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">treat</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хорошо
|
||
увидеть</q>)</note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">see sb.
|
||
well</q>)</note>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> в приветствиях и пожеланиях: </note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> in greetings and wishes: </note>
|
||
<form type="lemma"><orth>wæ rajsom (wæ bon, we ʽzær, we xsæv) xorz!</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">доброго вам утра
|
||
(дня, вечера, ночи)!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">good morning
|
||
(afternoon, evening, night)!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<form type="lemma"><orth>xorzyl ambæl!</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">да встретишь
|
||
добро (в пути)!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">may you meet
|
||
good (on the way)!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<form type="lemma"><orth>xorzaw nal ū</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">он смущен</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">he is
|
||
embarrassed</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ему не по себе</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">he feels rum</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<re>
|
||
<form type="lemma"><orth>xorz æm kæsy</orth></form>
|
||
<sense>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ему нравится</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">he likes </q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">кажется
|
||
хорошим</q>)</note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">it seems
|
||
good</q>)</note>
|
||
</re>
|
||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xorz</oRef> fyjjaw pyxsy dær ary jæ
|
||
fosy fæd</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хороший пастух и в кустарнике находит след
|
||
своего стада</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a good shepherd finds the trace of his flock
|
||
even in the bush</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næw susæg <oRef>xorsæn</oRef> je ʽcæg nom,
|
||
nalatæn tu — jæ fæsnomyg</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хорошего (человека) не является тайной его
|
||
подлинное имя, а у негодяя — его прозвище</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for a good (person), his true name is not a
|
||
secret, and for a rascal, his nickname</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xorz</oRef> sæm fækastī jæ
|
||
lævar</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">им понравился его подарок</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they liked his gift</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>139</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dunety <oRef>xærztæj</oRef> xwyzdær mæm k˳y
|
||
kæsid warzonʒīnad!</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хоть бы из всех благ мира я всего больше ценил
|
||
любовь!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">If only I valued love the most of all the
|
||
blessings of the world!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæmæj dyn fidʒystæm dæ
|
||
<oRef>xærztæ</oRef>?</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чем мы воздадим тебе за твое добро?</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how shall we repay you for your kindness?</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mærdty fsæn dwærttæ dyn īw wæjyg bakænʒæn;
|
||
fyd, <oRef>xorz</oRef> æm ma ʽsʒūr</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">железные врата (царства) мертвых откроет тебе
|
||
один ваюг; не говори ему (ничего) ни дурного, ни хорошего</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the iron gates (of the kingdom) of the dead
|
||
will be opened by a wayug; do not tell him (anything) either bad or good</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>71</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældar... <oRef>xorz</oRef> bæx,
|
||
<oRef>xorz</oRef> gal, ræsuǧd ḱyzg nīkæmæ waǧta</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">князь ни у кого не оставлял хорошего коня,
|
||
хорошего вола, красивую девушку</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the prince did not leave a good horse, a good
|
||
ox, a beautiful girl with anyone</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ xorzy koj <oRef>ajq˳ystī</oRef></quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разнеслась молва о их достоинствах</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the word spread about their virtues</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Maniʒæmæ aly <oRef>xorz</oRef> bæstæj aly
|
||
xorz adæm kūræg cyd, fælæ nīkæmæn k˳ymdta</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">к Манидзе из всяких хороших стран сватались
|
||
всякие хорошие люди, но она никому не давала согласия</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">all sorts of good people wooed Manidza from
|
||
good countries of all sorts, but she did not give her consent to anyone</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xorz</oRef> bæx læǵy arǧ ū</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">добрый конь стоит человека</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a good horse is worth a man</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">proverb</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xorz</oRef>, ʒæbæx ḱyzg ū</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она хорошая, милая девушка</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sheʼs a good, sweet girl</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">farn wæ nyxasy æmæ we ʽzær
|
||
<oRef>xorz</oRef>!</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">фарн</hi> да
|
||
будет на вашем <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">нихасе</hi> и добрый вечер!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let the <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">farn</hi> bet at your <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">nykhas</hi> and good
|
||
evening!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЭп."/>
|
||
<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nal sty <oRef>xorzaw</oRef></quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они смущены</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they are confused</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nal wydtæn <oRef>xorzaw</oRef>
|
||
mæxædæg</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я сам был смущен</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I myself was embarrassed</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xorz</oRef> sæ fen lægaw!</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">угости их на славу, как подобает мужчине!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">treat them to glory, as befits a man!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">es adæmmæ <oRef>xwærztæ</oRef> dær, læǧuztæ
|
||
dær</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">среди людей есть и хорошие, и дурные</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">among people there are both good and bad</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
||
<biblScope>126</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ bon xwarz, <oRef>xwarz</oRef>
|
||
læqwæn!</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">добрый день, славный парень!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">good afternoon, nice guy!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>8<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">12</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xorz</oRef> amond fæxæss!</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">неси доброе счастье!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bring good luck!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="en">wish to a
|
||
girl</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ma mæ maretæ, <oRef>xwarz</oRef> adæm</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не убивайте меня, люди добрые</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donʼt kill me, good people</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>13<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xwarz</oRef> ærzærond æncæ</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они изрядно постарели</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they are quite old</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>15<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iwazægæn <oRef>xwarz</oRef> ka fæwwa, omæn
|
||
xucaw baxatæd!</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто окажет добро гостю, тому да воздаст
|
||
бог!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whoever does good to a guest, may God reward
|
||
him!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xwarzæj</oRef> fæcæretæ!</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">живите благополучно!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">live well!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>35<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">9</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ kæræʒemæ bakastæncæ æma
|
||
<oRef>xwarzaw</oRef> næbal adtæncæ</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они посмотрели друг на друга и смутились</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they looked at each other and were confused</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1956 VII 54</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru"><q>Добро</q> и <q>зло</q> — понятия абстрактные. Но формируются они на
|
||
базе вполне конкретных образов, впечатлений, ощущений. Любое приятное качество может быть
|
||
обобщено до уровня <q>хорошего</q> вообще, а любое неприятное — до уровня <q>дурного</q>.
|
||
Для <q>дурной</q> в осетинском бытует два слова: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_3"/> и
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævzær"/>. Из них первое означает собственно <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">гнилой</q> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">pūta-</w></mentioned>), второе — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">кривой</q> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">zvarah-</w></mentioned>). Для ос. <oRef>xorz</oRef> | <oRef>xwarz</oRef>
|
||
предлагались две интерпретации: 1. к <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">hwarza-</w> или <w type="rec">hwarzu-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сладкий</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛarəzišta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сладчайший</q></gloss></mentioned>), семантическое движение — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сладкий</q> → <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">приятный</q> → <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хороший</q> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Morgenstierne</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste</hi>); 2. к <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hvarəz-</w> (<w>hu-warz-</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>εὐ-εϱγέτης</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">благодетельный</q></gloss></mentioned>) (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bartholomae</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Salemann</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>). К последнему толкованию
|
||
склонялись и мы (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>169</biblScope></bibl>). Два обстоятельства делают последнюю этимологию
|
||
сомнительной. Во-первых, в осетинском не видно глагола <w type="rec">warz-</w>
|
||
<q>действовать</q>; мы знаем только <ref type="xr" target="#entry_warzyn"><w>warz-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>любить</q></gloss></ref>. Во-вторых, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hvarəz-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>εὐεϱγέτης</q></gloss></mentioned> и в других иранских языках, насколько можно
|
||
судить, не нашло отклика. Зато <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>xᵛarəza-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сладкий</q></gloss></mentioned> представлено обильно: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwāl</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>пища</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>еда</q></gloss> (<w type="rec">xwarza-</w> → <w type="rec">xwarda-</w> → <w>xwāl</w>)</mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwālišt</w>, <w>xwārzišt</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сладчайший</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛarəzišta-</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xōl</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>пища</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>awarzā</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>приятный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwaṣ̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xoẓ̌</w>, жен. р. <w>xwaẓ̌a</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xorž</w>, мн. ч. <w>xwarẓ̌ə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xažok</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xužg</w> (<w type="rec">xwaržaka-</w>)
|
||
<gloss><q>сладкий</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xiẓ̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xoẓ̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh-x-bartang" extralang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xüẓ̌</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сладкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, по мнению <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Morgenstierne</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
|
||
<biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>), фонетически трудно связать с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛarəzišta-</w></mentioned>. Но и отказаться от такого сближения можно только с
|
||
великой неохотой. </note> Далее: <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xwarz</w></mentioned> в имени <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><w>Xwrzβʼnk</w>
|
||
<w type="rec">Xwarzbānak</w></mentioned> (II—III в. н. э., из раскопок Топрак-кала,
|
||
сообщение В. А. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Лившица</hi>); по образованию и по второй
|
||
части ср. <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/> (в греческой передаче) <w>Ἀϱτάβανος</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
|
||
<biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco-x-late"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xž</w>, <w>xžyk</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>хороший</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>приятный</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
|
||
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning-MacKenzie"/>
|
||
<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛarəzišta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сладчайший</q></gloss></mentioned>; в конечном счете — к базе <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">hwar-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>есть’</q></gloss></mentioned>. С другим формантом ср. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hvarra</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сладкий</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Из иранского идет <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>axorž</w>, <w>axoržakʼ</w>, <w>axorželi</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>приятный</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Есть факты, свидетельствующие о давней
|
||
сармато-аланской традиции. По Прокопию <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Кесарийскому</hi>,
|
||
копьеносец византийского полководца Велизария (VI в. и. э.) был массагет и носил имя
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Χοϱσάμαντις</w></mentioned>. Это имя точно соответствует
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xorzamond</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">имеющий добрую <note type="comment">(<oRef/>)</note> судьбу <note type="comment">(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_amond"><w>amond</w> из <w type="rec">āmānt</w></ref>)</note></q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Bonifatius</q></gloss></mentioned>. Oc. <oRef>xorz</oRef> отражено также,
|
||
по-видимому, в языческом имени <w>Hurz</w> (<bibl><author>Gombocz</author>. <title>Ossétes
|
||
et Jazyges. Revue des études Hongr. et Finno-Ougr.</title>,
|
||
<pubPlace>Budapest</pubPlace>, <date>1925</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">№ 1—2, стр.
|
||
9</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№ 1—2, стр. 9</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xln"><gloss> имени аланского военачальника на монгольской службе, согласно
|
||
китайской хронике <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Юаньши</q></gloss>,
|
||
<w>Коу-р-цзи</w> (<w>Хоу-р-цзи</w>)<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>254</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Византийский писатель Иоанн
|
||
<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Цец</hi> (XII в.) приводит аланское приветствие
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="xln"><w>ταπαγχὰς</w>, которое в его переводе означает <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">καλή ἡμέϱα σού</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">добрый день</q></gloss></mentioned> . Перед нами, очевидно, неточная передача
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="oos"><lang/>
|
||
<phr>da bān xwārz</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">добрый день</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
|
||
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>254—255</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Из сарматского идут,
|
||
всего вероятнее, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><gloss>имя <hi rendition="#rend_bold">древнерусского</hi> божества</gloss>
|
||
<w>Хорсъ</w></mentioned> и прилагательное <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>хороший</w></mentioned>. Эпитет какого-то сарматского божества <oRef>xorz</oRef>
|
||
<q>добрый</q> был воспринят в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">русском</hi> как его имя в форме
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>Хорсъ</w></mentioned>. Аналогичный пример: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><gloss>авестийская богиня</gloss>
|
||
<w>Arədvī</w></mentioned> известна в традиции исключительно по своему эпитету <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Anahitā</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Непорочная</q></gloss></mentioned>; имя
|
||
оказалось забытым. Как от <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>лес</w></mentioned> имеем
|
||
прилагательное <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>леший</w></mentioned>, так от <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>Хорсъ</w></mentioned> было образовано <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w type="rec">хорший</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>хорсовский</q></gloss>, с сохранением семантики <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">добрый</q></gloss></mentioned> . Как рядом с
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>молния</w> имеем <w>молонья</w></mentioned>, так рядом с
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w type="rec">хорший</w></mentioned> возникло <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>хорший</w></mentioned>, и эта форма стала господствующей. Ср. с
|
||
семантической стороны <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w>artavan-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>праведный</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>Arta</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>божество Правды</q></gloss></mentioned>. (Ср.: <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Обнорский</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Язык и литература</title>
|
||
<biblScope>1929 III 241—258</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Lewy</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>LII 308</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>595—596</biblScope></bibl>). Боги нередко льстиво называются <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">добрыми</q></gloss>. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w>baga-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w>bogъ</w> означают собственно <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">щедрый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">добрый</q></gloss></mentioned>. В германском наименование <q>бога</q> (<mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>god</w></mentioned> и пр.) может быть вариацией слова <q>добрый</q> (<mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>good</w></mentioned> и пр.): <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>god</w></mentioned> относится к <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>good</w></mentioned>,
|
||
как, скажем, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>fod(der)</w></mentioned> к <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>food</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="gem"><lang/>
|
||
<w>guta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>бог</q></gloss></mentioned> толкуют обычно как <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">призываемый</q> от <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">ǵhau-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>звать’</q></gloss></mentioned>, не считаясь с тем, что этот глагол не
|
||
оставил в геоманском никаких следов.</note> — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Трубачев</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Трубачев._ЭССЯ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>VIII 79—80, 83, 21</biblScope></bibl>) производит <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>хороший</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xorostь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
||
<w>хорость</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>удобство</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>красота</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>красота</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>приятность</q></gloss></mentioned>, a
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">xorostь</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xorъjь</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>темный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>черный</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xarъjь</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>старый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ветхий</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>потрепанный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>испорченный</q></gloss></mentioned>.
|
||
Семантическое развитие нам не вполне понятно. К ос. <oRef>xorz</oRef> тянутся и <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
||
<w>хорзать</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>чваниться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>важничать</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
|
||
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note>, собственно <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хорошиться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">прихорашиваться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>хорза</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>бойкая девка</q></gloss></mentioned>. — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz-_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwyzdær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorzæx"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorzʒīnad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæzgūl"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 73</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Salemann</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
|
||
<biblScope>I <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 276</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1850</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Rep._Afgh."/>
|
||
<biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning_Memorial"/>
|
||
<biblScope>336</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1958 LIII 8</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bienfaisant</q>); <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
||
<biblScope>126</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">savoureux</q>). —
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
||
<biblScope>504</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en" xml:id="etym_nc4_rhh_2yb"><q>Good</q> and <q>evil</q> are abstract
|
||
concepts. But they are formed on the basis of quite specific images, impressions,
|
||
sensations. Any pleasant quality can be generalized to the level of <q>good</q> in
|
||
general, and any unpleasant quality to the level of <q>bad</q>. There are two words for
|
||
<q>bad</q> in Ossetian, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_3"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævzær"/>. Of these, the first means actually <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">rotten</q> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">pūta-</w></mentioned>), and the second one <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">crooked</q> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">zvarah-</w></mentioned>). For Ossetic <oRef>xorz</oRef> |
|
||
<oRef>xwarz</oRef>, two interpretations have been proposed: 1. related to <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">hwarza-</w> or <w type="rec">hwarzu-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sweet</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛarəzišta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sweetest</q></gloss></mentioned>), the semantic development being: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">sweet</q> → <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">nice</q> →
|
||
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">good</q> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Miller</hi>,
|
||
<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Morgenstierne</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste</hi>); 2. to <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hvarəz-</w> (<w>hu-warz-</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>εὐ-εϱγέτης</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">beneficent</q></gloss></mentioned>) (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bartholomae</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Salemann</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>). We also leaned towards the
|
||
latter interpretation (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>169</biblScope></bibl>). Two circumstances make the latter etymology
|
||
doubtful. Firstly, in Ossetian there is no verb <w type="rec">warz-</w>
|
||
<q>act</q>; we only know<ref type="xr" target="#entry_warzyn"><w>warz-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>love</q></gloss></ref>. Secondly, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hvarəz-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>εὐεϱγέτης</q></gloss></mentioned> and other Iranian languages, as far as one
|
||
can judge, do not have correspondences. On the contrary, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>xᵛarəza-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sweet</q></gloss></mentioned> is represented abundantly: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwāl</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>food</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>meal</q></gloss> (<w type="rec">xwarza-</w> → <w type="rec">xwarda-</w> → <w>xwāl</w>)</mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwālišt</w>, <w>xwārzišt</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sweetest</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛarəzišta-</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xōl</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>food</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>awarzā</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>nice</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwaṣ̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xoẓ̌</w>, fem. <w>xwaẓ̌a</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xorž</w>, plur. <w>xwarẓ̌ə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xažok</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xužg</w> (<w type="rec">xwaržaka-</w>) <gloss><q>sweet</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xiẓ̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xoẓ̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh-x-bartang" extralang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xüẓ̌</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sweet</q></gloss></mentioned>, according to<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Morgenstierne</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
|
||
<biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>), is difficult to associate phonetically with
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛarəzišta-</w></mentioned>. But it is possible to refuse such rapprochement only
|
||
with great reluctance. </note> Furthermore: <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xwarz</w></mentioned> in the name <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><w>Xwrzβʼnk</w>
|
||
<w type="rec">Xwarzbānak</w></mentioned> (2nd—3rd centuries AD, from the excavations of
|
||
Toprak-Kala, V. A. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Livshits</hi>, p. c.); for derivation
|
||
and the second part, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/> (in Greek transmission)
|
||
<w>Ἀϱτάβανος</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
|
||
<biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco-x-late"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xž</w>, <w>xžyk</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>good</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>nice</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning-MacKenzie"/>
|
||
<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛarəzišta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sweetest</q></gloss></mentioned>; eventually, it goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">hwar-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>eat</q></gloss></mentioned>. With another formant, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hvarra</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sweet</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Iranian gave rise to <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>axorž</w>, <w>axoržakʼ</w>, <w>axorželi</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>nice</q></gloss></mentioned>. — There are facts testifying to a long-standing
|
||
Sarmatian-Alanian tradition. According to <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Procopius of
|
||
Caesarea</hi>, the spear-bearer of the Byzantine commander Belisarius (VI century AD)
|
||
was a Massaget and had a name <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Χοϱσάμαντις</w></mentioned>.
|
||
This name matches exactly <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xorzamond</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">having good <note type="comment">(<oRef/>)</note> destiny <note type="comment">(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_amond"><w>amond</w> from <w type="rec">āmānt</w></ref>)</note></q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Bonifatius</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ossetic <oRef>xorz</oRef> is also reflected,
|
||
apparently, in a pagan name <w>Hurz</w> (<bibl><author>Gombocz</author>. <title>Ossétes et
|
||
Jazyges. Revue des études Hongr. et Finno-Ougr.</title>,
|
||
<pubPlace>Budapest</pubPlace>, <date>1925</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">№ 1—2, стр.
|
||
9</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№ 1—2, p. 9</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xln"><gloss>name of an Alanian commander in the Mongol service, according to
|
||
the Chinese chronicle <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Yuanshi</q></gloss>,
|
||
<w>Kou-r-zi</w> (<w>Khou-r-zi</w>)<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>254</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The Byzantine writer John <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Tzetzes</hi> (XII century) gives an Alanian greeting
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="xln"><w>ταπαγχὰς</w>, which, in his translation, means <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">καλή ἡμέϱα σού</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">good afternoon</q></gloss></mentioned>. We have, obviously, an inaccurate
|
||
transmission of <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><lang/>
|
||
<phr>da bān xwārz</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">good afternoon</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
|
||
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>254—255</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is most likely that
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><gloss>the name of the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Old
|
||
Russian</hi> deity</gloss>
|
||
<w>Xorsъ</w></mentioned> and the adjective <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>xorošij</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>good</q></gloss></mentioned> comes from the Sarmatian. An epithet of some
|
||
Sarmatian deity <oRef>xorz</oRef>
|
||
<q>good</q> was adopted in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Russian</hi> as his name in the form
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>Xorsъ</w></mentioned>. A similar example: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><gloss>the Avestan goddess</gloss>
|
||
<w>Arədvī</w></mentioned> is traditionally known solely by its epithet <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Anahitā</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Immaculate</q></gloss></mentioned>; the name
|
||
has been forgotten. Likewise <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>les</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>forest</q></gloss></mentioned> yields the adjective <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>lešij</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>forest [spirit]</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>Xorsъ</w></mentioned> derived <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w type="rec">xoršij</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>Xorsʼ one</q></gloss>, preserving the semantics of <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">good</q></gloss></mentioned>. Likewise <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>molnija</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>lightning</q></gloss> co-exists with <w>molonʼja</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w type="rec">xoršij</w></mentioned> gave rise to <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>xorošij</w></mentioned>, and this form became dominant. Semantically,
|
||
cf. <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w>artavan-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>righteous</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>Arta</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>deity of Truth</q></gloss></mentioned>. (Cf.: <bibl><author xml:lang="en">Obnorskij</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Jazyk i literatura [Language and
|
||
literature]</title>
|
||
<biblScope>1929 III 241—258</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Lewy</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>LII 308</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>595—596</biblScope></bibl>). The gods are often called <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">good</q></gloss> with flatter. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w>baga-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w>bogъ</w> actually mean <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">generous</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">kind</q></gloss></mentioned>. In German,
|
||
the noun <q>god</q> (<mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>god</w></mentioned> etc.) might be a variation of the word <q>kind</q> (<mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>good</w></mentioned> etc.): <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>god</w></mentioned> relates to <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>good</w></mentioned> like,
|
||
say, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>fod(der)</w></mentioned> to <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>food</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="gem"><lang/>
|
||
<w>guta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>good</q></gloss></mentioned> is usually interpreted as <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">summoned</q> from <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">ǵhau-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>summon</q></gloss></mentioned>, regardless of the fact that this verb left
|
||
no traces in Germanic.</note> — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Trubačev</hi>
|
||
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Трубачев._ЭССЯ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>VIII 79—80, 83, 21</biblScope></bibl>) traces back <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xorošij</w></mentioned> to <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xorostь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xorostʼ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>convenience</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>beauty</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>pleasantness</q></gloss></mentioned>, and <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">xorostь</w></mentioned> to <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xorъjь</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>dark</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>black</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xarъjь</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>old</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>dilapidated</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>shabby</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>spoiled</q></gloss></mentioned>. Semantic
|
||
development is not entirely clear to us. Ossetic <oRef>xorz</oRef> is adjacent to
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xorzatʼ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>swagger</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>put on airs</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
|
||
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note>, actually <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">look good</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">preen</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>xorza</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>lively girl</q></gloss></mentioned>. — See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz-_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwyzdær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorzæx"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorzʒīnad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæzgūl"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 73</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Salemann</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
|
||
<biblScope>I <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 276</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1850</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Rep._Afgh."/>
|
||
<biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning_Memorial"/>
|
||
<biblScope>336</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1958 LIII 8</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bienfaisant</q>); <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
||
<biblScope>126</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">savoureux</q>). —
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
||
<biblScope>504</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |