304 lines
21 KiB
XML
304 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>ælvasyn</w></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ælvasyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240207T151924+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ælvasyn</orth>
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e68" type="participle"><orth>ælvæst</orth></form></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ælvasun</orth>
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e73" type="participle"><orth>ælvast</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e76">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e77">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>извлекать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to pull out</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e86">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вынимать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to take out</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e95">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>натягивать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to stretch</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e104">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стягивать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to tighten</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d3831e114" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e118" type="lemma"><lang/><orth>ælvasæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e121">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вязанка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bundle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3831e132">
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<re xml:id="re_d3831e134" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e138" type="lemma"><lang/><orth>ew
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<oRef>ælvasæj</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e141">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в один прием</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in one go</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3831e152">
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e154" type="lemma"><orth>ælvasgaj</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e157">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e158">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в несколько приемов</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in several goes</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e167">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>с передышками</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>with pauses</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3831e180">
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<re xml:id="re_d3831e182" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e186" type="lemma"><lang/><orth>cʼewælvasæn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e189">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>праща</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sling</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3831e200">
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e202" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>dūrælvasæn</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d3831e205" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>dorælvasæn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3831e208">
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<def xml:lang="ru">id</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">id</def>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3831e216">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e218">
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<quote>qama <oRef>felvæsta</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он извлек кинжал</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he drew a dagger</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e233">
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<quote>mæxi æxsargard <oRef>sælvas</oRef> æmæ myn ūmæj ralyg kæn mæ
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bærzæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>извлеки мою собственную саблю и ею рассеки мою шею</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>take my own saber and cut my neck with it</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>130</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e252" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Asægo stur bælasæ
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240207T135553+0300" comment="NB: æd"?>æd buntæ<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<oRef>felvasta</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Асаго вырвал большое дерево с корнями</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Asægo ripped out a large tree with roots</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>7<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">5</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e274" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>æ fat <oRef>felvasta</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>выхватил стрелу</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he drew an arrow</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>14<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">14</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e296" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>kosæg æxe qæppæltæ <oRef>felvasta</oRef> ma sæ mæbæl skodta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>работник снял свою одежду и надел ее на меня</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the worker took off his clothes and put it on me</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>27<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e319">
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<quote><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240207T135712+0300" comment="must be bazǧordta, check typos"?>baǧzordta<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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swadonmæ, nymætxūdy ʒy <oRef>felvæsta</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он подбежал к роднику, зачерпнул оттуда войлочной шапкой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he ran to the spring, scooped up from there with a felt hat</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 143</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e338">
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<quote>Tūǧan jæ raxīz kʼūxy kard
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240207T135745+0300" comment="NB: депиктив с собственным подлежащим"?><oRef>ælvæstæj</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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jæ galīw k’ūxy topp ærǧævdæj qazwat racyd</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Туган, (имея) в правой руке обнаженную шашку, в левой руке взведенное
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ружье, ринулся в смертный бой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Tugan, (having) a naked saber in his right hand, an
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240207T135926+0300" comment="взведенное ружьё? "cocked" sounds bad"?>armed
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gun <?oxy_comment_end ?>in his left hand, rushed into mortal
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combat</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e357" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Aznaur… æ alasabæl… sarǧ ængon fevardta æma in je lvasæntæ iting
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<oRef>ærbalvasta</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Азнаур плотно положил на своего коня седло и крепко стянул
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подпруги</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Aznaur firmly put a saddle on his horse and tightened the girth</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e379">
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<quote>bæx ændonaw yssi, <oRef>sælvæsta</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>конь стал как стальной, подтянулся</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the horse became like steel, pulled up</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>148</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3831e398">
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<quote>dæw syǧzærīn ron naræg <oRef>balvæsta</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>золотой пояс стянул тебя туго</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the golden belt has squeezed you tight</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Закономерная перестановка из <w type="rec">ævlasyn</w> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælvīsyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lvynyn"><w>lvynyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rvad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arv"/>); восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ара-nas-</w></mentioned> (или <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240207T145932+0300" comment="changed the original somewhat to make it easier for processing"?><w type="rec">abi-nas-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>); сращение
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>преверба</gloss>
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<m>æv-</m></mentioned> с глаголом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasyn"><w>lasyn</w>
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<gloss><q>тащить</q> и пр.</gloss></ref> (из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">nas-</w></mentioned>), бытующим и самостоятельно. Близость
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значений <oRef>ælvasyn</oRef> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasyn"/> хорошо
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видна в некоторых выражениях: можно сказать безразлично <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>kard sælvæsta</phr></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>kard slasta</phr></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>извлек меч</q></gloss></mentioned>. —
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<bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">LII 34 сл.</biblScope>)</bibl> почему-то считает
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исходным значение <q>бросать</q> и сближает с <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3831e499" xml:id="mentioned_d3831e440" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>bhraṁs-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3831e504" xml:id="mentioned_d3831e445" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>bhras-</w>
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</mentioned><gloss><q>падать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3831e512" xml:id="mentioned_d3831e453" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>bhrāsaya-</w>
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<gloss><q>бросать</q></gloss></mentioned>, оставляя без объяснения ничем не
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оправданный в данном случае переход <c>r</c> в <c>l</c>. <bibl>Ws.
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<author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>57</biblScope>)</bibl> сближал с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3831e525" xml:id="mentioned_d3831e464" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>vṛṣčati</w>
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<gloss><q>отсекает</q></gloss></mentioned>. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasyn"/>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælvæsyn"/>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Regular metathesis from <w type="rec">ævlasyn</w> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælvīsyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lvynyn"><w>lvynyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rvad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arv"/>); goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ара-nas-</w></mentioned> (or <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240207T145932+0300" comment="changed the original somewhat to make it easier for processing"?><w type="rec">abi-nas-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>); a fusion of the
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>preverb</gloss>
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<m>æv-</m></mentioned> with the verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasyn"><w>lasyn</w>
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<gloss><q>pull</q> etc.</gloss></ref> (from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">nas-</w></mentioned>), which also exists independently. The
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proximity between <oRef/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasyn"/> is clearly
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visible in certain expressions: one can say indifferently <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>kard sælvæsta</phr></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>kard slasta</phr></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>he drew out the sword</q></gloss></mentioned>. —
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<bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">LII 34 f.</biblScope>)</bibl> for some reason
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considers <gloss><q>throw</q></gloss> to be the basic meaning and connects it
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with <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3831e440" xml:id="mentioned_d3831e499" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>bhraṁs-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3831e445" xml:id="mentioned_d3831e504" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>bhras-</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>to fall</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3831e453" xml:id="mentioned_d3831e512" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>bhrāsaya-</w>
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<gloss><q>to throw</q></gloss></mentioned>, leaving without explanation the
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in this case unmotivated change from <c>r</c> to <c>l</c>. <bibl>Ws.
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<author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>57</biblScope>)</bibl> connected it to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3831e464" xml:id="mentioned_d3831e525" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>vṛṣčati</w>
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<gloss><q>cuts off</q></gloss></mentioned>. See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasyn"/>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælvæsyn"/>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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