149 lines
14 KiB
XML
149 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒykka</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ʒykka" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3174e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ʒykka</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d3174e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ʒikka</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3174e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>каша из муки и свежего сыра</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>porridge made of flour and fresh cheese</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3174e82">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3174e84">
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<quote>ḱysyl fælæw, Misuræt, æz dyn ʒykka akænon, zamanajy nog axst cyxtytæ
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mæm īs</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>подожди немного, Мисурат, я сделаю тебе <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi>, у меня есть
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превосходный свежий сыр</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>wait a little, Misurat, I will make you <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi>, I have excellent
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fresh cheese</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/><biblScope>1956 II
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8</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3174e103" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ʒikka gælʒægaw xutæn æz næ ewnæg kizgi næ radʒænæn Cærugtæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>как не бросают <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒikka</hi> свиньям, так не отдам я нашу единственную
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дочь Царуговым</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>just as <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒikka</hi> is not thrown to pigs, so I will not give our only
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daughter to the Tsarugovs</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/><biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">; об обряде погружения ноги новорожденного в
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чашку с <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi> см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>212</biblScope></bibl>.</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">; for the ceremony of dipping a newborn's foot in
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a cup with <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi> see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>212</biblScope></bibl>.</note>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">По-видимому, это слово образовано от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyxt"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ciǧd</hi> ‘сыр’ по нормам „детской“ речи (т. е.
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речи, которой говорят взрослые с детьми); см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒykki"/>. Сейчас в употреблении слова <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒykka</hi> нет уже
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ничего специфически детского, оно полностью вошло в общий язык. Это
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свидетельствует о том, что слова „детской“ речи частично использовались для
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обогащения языка взрослых. Ср. в этом отношении <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gaga"/> ‘зерно’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ba"/>
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‘поцелуй’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒīʒī"/> ‘грудь женская’.%r1%r <note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note> Изготовленное из тех же
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составных частей (муки и сыра), но не сваренное в виде каши, а спеченное в виде
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хлеба, это блюдо носит название <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e222" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e157" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>wælkʼæj-ʒykka</w></mentioned>, т. е. ‘<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi> на (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">wæl</hi>) плите (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæj"/>). Из осетинского усвоено в некоторые
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грузинские говоры: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e229" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e164" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
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<w>aǯiǯika</w>
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<gloss><q>молодой сыр, сваренный в масле</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote" n="2"> PUT NOTE HERE </note>
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e240" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e175" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-rach"><lang/>
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<w>ǯikʼa</w>
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<gloss><q>хлеб, замешанный на молоке, в который кладется
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сыр</q></gloss></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e249" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e184" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>wælkʼæj-ʒykka</w></mentioned>. Имеется это слово и в грузинском лексиконе
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<bibl><author>С.С. Орбелиани</author></bibl> со следующим любопытным
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объяснением: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e257" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e192" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>ǯikʼa</w></mentioned> — „так черкесы зовут свежий сыр, который они сильно
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размешивают, отрывают рукой куски и эти куски обмакивают в выделившийся из сыра
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жир; угощают им гостей; хорошее кушанье“. Если добавить, что сыр предварительно
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варится, то описание <bibl><author>С.С. Орбелиани</author></bibl> весьма точное.
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О том, как важно усиленное размешивание при приготовлении <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi>, можно
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судить по поговорке: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e265" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e200" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ʒykka k˳y næ stawaj, wæd soj næ kæny</w></mentioned>. Термин „черкес“
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употреблен у него, надо думать, в собирательном значении: „северокавказский
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горец“.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Apparently, this word is derived from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyxt"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ciǧd</hi> ‘chees’ according to “child” speech rules
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(i.e. speech spoken by adults with children); see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒykki"/>. Now there is nothing specifically childish in the
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use of the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒykka</hi>, it has completely entered the general language. This
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indicates that the words of “child” speech were partially used to enrich the
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language of adults. Cf. in this respect <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gaga"/>
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‘grain’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ba"/> ‘kiss’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒīʒī"/> ‘female breast’.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE
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HERE </note> This dish made of the same ingredients (flour and cheese), but
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not cooked in the form of porridge, but baked in the form of bread, is called
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e157" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e222" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>wælkʼæj-ʒykka</w></mentioned>, i.e. ‘<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi> on (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">wæl</hi>) the plate
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(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæj"/>). The word is borrowed from Ossetic
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to some Georgian dialects: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e164" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e229" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
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<w>aǯiǯika</w>
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<gloss><q>fresh cheese prepared in butter</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote" n="2"> PUT NOTE HERE </note>
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e175" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e240" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-rach"><lang/>
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<w>ǯikʼa</w>
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<gloss><q>bread mixed with milk, in which cheese is
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placed</q></gloss></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e184" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e249" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>wælkʼæj-ʒykka</w></mentioned>. This word is also found in Georgian
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lexicon of <bibl><author>S. S. Orbeliani</author></bibl> with the following
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curious explanation: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e192" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e257" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>ǯikʼa</w></mentioned> — “so the Circassians call fresh cheese, which they
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stir vigorously, tear off pieces with the hand and dip these pieces into the fat
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released from the cheese; treat guests with it; good food.” If we add that the
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cheese is pre-cooked, then the description of <bibl><author>S. S.
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Orbeliani</author></bibl> is quite accurate. How important the increased
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stirring while cooking <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi> is can be judged by the saying: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3174e200" xml:id="mentioned_d3174e265" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ʒykka k˳y næ stawaj, wæd soj næ kæny</w></mentioned>. The term
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"Circassian" is used, presumably, in a collective sense: “North Caucasian
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highlander”.</etym>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Созвучие с <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3174e273" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>čakka</w>
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<gloss><q>откинутое пахтанье, из которого приготовляют
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сыр</q></gloss></mentioned> следует считать случайным.</note>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">The consonance with <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3174e284" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>čakka</w>
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<gloss><q>thrown buttermilk, which cheese is made of</q></gloss></mentioned>
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should be considered as accidental.</note>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="2"><mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3174e294" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
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<w>aǯiǯika</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3174e299" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>aǵy-ǯykka</w></mentioned>, т. е. ‘<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi> в кастрюле (aǵy), в отличие
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от <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3174e304" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>wælkʼæj-ǯykka</w>
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<gloss><q><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi> на плите</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="2"><mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3174e315" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
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<w>aǯiǯika</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3174e320" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>aǵy-ǯykka</w></mentioned>, i.e. ‘<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi> in the pot (aǵy), on the
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contrary to <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3174e325" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>wælkʼæj-ǯykka</w>
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<gloss><q><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ʒykka</hi> on the plate</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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