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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_ʒyvyr.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒyvyr</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_ʒyvyr" xml:lang="os">
<form xml:id="form_d4869e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ʒyvyr</orth><form xml:id="form_d4869e68" type="variant"><orth>ʒybyr</orth></form></form>
<form xml:id="form_d4869e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ʒubur</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d4869e74"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>соха</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>wooden plough</q>
</abv:tr></sense>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4869e84">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4869e86">
<quote>ʒyvyr sæ mijjag næ razyldaid — ḱysyl gæppæltæ wydysty</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>соха бы там не повернулась — (настолько это) были маленькие клочки
(пашни)</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>the plough could not have turned there — so tiny were these patches
(of tillage)</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4869e105">
<quote>ragon adæm ʒyvyræj x˳ym kodtoj</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>прежние (древние) люди пахали сохой</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>former (ancient) people used the wooden plow</q>
</abv:tr>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4869e120" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>xwænxag læg æ ʒuburi fæste cæwuj</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>горец идет за своей сохой</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>the highlander goes after his plough</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/><biblScope>II 42</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4869e142" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>cættæ kænuj xumæmæ alkedær æ ʒubur</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>каждый готовит к пахоте свою соху</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>each person prepares their plough for tillage</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4869e164" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>ʒubur ma asojnæj næbal æj næ kust</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>мы уже работаем не сохой и (примитивной) бороной</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>we do not use the plough and the (primitive) harrow anymore</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/><biblScope>13</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">В азовском диалекте <hi rendition="#rend_bold">новогреческого</hi> языка имеется слово
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e248" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e189" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
<w>cavura</w>
<gloss><q>плуг</q></gloss></mentioned>, которое трудно отделить от
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e256" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e197" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<w>ʒyvyr</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note>
Наличие слова на территории Южной России, с одной стороны, и в осетинском, с
другой, позволяет думать о старом скифском наследии. — По звуковому типу
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒyvyr</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒybyr</hi> относится к группе слов (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kb</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tb</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">сb</hi>,
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kbr</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tbr</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cbr</hi>), означающих, по поляризации значений, то
‘круглый’, ‘тупой’, ‘обрубленный’, то ‘выступающий’, ‘торчащий’, ‘острый’. Всю
эту группу весьма древних, по-видимому, слов мы рассматриваем подробнее под
словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/> ‘круглый’. Не случайно, быть
может, созвучие с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cybyr"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cubur</hi> ‘короткий’.
Исходное значение: „орудие с острым, торчащим концом“. Ср. семантику славянского
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">соха</hi>, означающего также ‘вилы’, ‘развилина’, ‘палка’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">по-cox</hi>).
Неудивительно, что в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">рутульском</hi> мы находим наше слово (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e269" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e210" xml:lang="rut"><lang/>
<w>ǯubur</w></mentioned>) со значением ‘рукоятка’, ‘ручка’, а также ‘хвост’.
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e274" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e215" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<w>puruc</w>
<gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></mentioned> представляет, возможно, перестановку
тех же элементов (*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cu-pur</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pur-uc</hi>). Ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e282" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e223" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
<w>mučʼur</w>
<gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></mentioned> (← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">č’umur</hi>?). Приведенные
кавказские слова могли возникнуть самостоятельно на основе „звуковой символики“.
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e290" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e231" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
<w>sūpur</w>
<gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></mentioned> идёт от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e298" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e239" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w>*spar-</w></mentioned> и сюда не относится.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">In the Azov dialect of <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Modern Greek</hi> we find the word
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e189" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e248" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
<w>cavura</w>
<gloss><q>plough</q></gloss></mentioned>, which is hardly separable from
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e197" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e256" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<w>ʒyvyr</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note>
The existence of the word in Southern Russia, on one hand, and in Ossetic, on
the other hand, makes us think about the ancient Scythian heritage. — In terms
of sound type <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒyvyr</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒybyr</hi> pertains to the group of words (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kb</hi> ||
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">tb</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cb</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kbr</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tbr</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cbr</hi>), which mean, according to
meaning polarization, either ‘round’, ‘blunt’, ‘cut off’, or ‘extrusive’,
‘sticking out’, ‘sharp’. We take a closer look at this whole group of apparently
rather ancient words in the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/> ‘round’
entry. It is possible that the similarity with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cybyr"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cubur</hi> ‘short’. is not accidental. The original
meaning is “a tool with a sharp, extended edge”. See the semantics of the Slavic
word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">soxa</hi>, which also means ‘pitchfork’, ‘crotch’, ‘stick’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">po-sox</hi>). It
is not surpising that in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Rutul</hi> we find our word (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e210" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e269" xml:lang="rut"><lang/>
<w>ǯubur</w></mentioned>) having the meaning ‘hilt’, ‘handle’, as well as
‘tail’. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e215" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e274" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<w>puruc</w>
<gloss><q>plough</q></gloss></mentioned> may be an instance of metathesis of
the same elements (*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cu-pur</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pur-uc</hi>). Compare also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e223" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e282" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
<w>mučʼur</w>
<gloss><q>plough</q></gloss></mentioned> (← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">č’umur</hi>?). The Caucasian
words listed above could have emerged independently on the bases of “sound
symbolism”. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e231" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e290" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
<w>sūpur</w>
<gloss><q>plough</q></gloss></mentioned> comes from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4869e239" xml:id="mentioned_d4869e298" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w>*spar-</w></mentioned> and is not connected.</etym>
<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Знакомством с этими материалами я обязан
любезности А. А. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Белецкого%s и Т. Н. %sЧернышевой</hi>.</note>
<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">I got acquainted with this material by
(the) courtesy of A. A. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Beleckij%s and T. N. %sChernysheva</hi>.</note>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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