492 lines
46 KiB
XML
492 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Sidæmon</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_Sidæmon" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d3433e66" type="lemma"><orth>Sidæmon</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3433e69">
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<def xml:lang="ru">по этногоническим преданиям осетин, имя одного из родоначальников
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осетинского народа</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">according to ethnogonic legends of Ossetians, the name of one of the
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founders of the Ossetian people</def>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">В Осетии было
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распространено следующее предание о происхождении осетин. Родоначальником осетин
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является Ос-Багатар. У него было пять сыновей: Сидамон, Царазон, Кусагон, Агуз и Цахил.
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От них произошли роды Сидамоновых, Царазоновых, Кусагоновых, Агузовых и Цахиловых...
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сохранилась следующая характеристика трех из этих родов: многочисленность Сидамоновых,
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воинственность Агузовых, слава Кусагоновых... Род Сидамона распространился по всей
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стране</q> (<bibl><author>Ванеев</author>. <title>Народное предание о происхождении
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осетин</title>. <pubPlace>Сталинир</pubPlace>, <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>стр. 3,
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6</biblScope></bibl>). Существует грузинское предание, что во времена императора
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Юстиниана три царевича из фамилии Сидамон переселились из Сев. Кавказа в Грузию (<bibl>Вс.
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<author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ I</ref>
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<biblScope> 11—12</biblScope></bibl>, со ссылкой на <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brosset">Brosset</ref></bibl>). Имя <oRef/> встречается и в нартовском
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эпосе осетин: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Narty Byceǵy fyrt
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<oRef>Sidæmon</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сын Нарта Бицега Сидамон</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sidæmon, son of Nart Biceg</q>
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</tr>
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</example></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The following legend
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about the origin of Ossetians was spread in Ossetia. The ancestor of the Ossetians is
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T145134+0300" comment="так?"?>Os-Bæǧatyr<?oxy_comment_end ?>.
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He had five sons: <oRef/>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T145624+0300" comment="??????????????"?>Tsærazon<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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Qusægon,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T145548+0300" comment="??????"?>Aguz<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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and
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T145608+0300" comment="??????????"?>Tsakhil<?oxy_comment_end ?>.
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From them came
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T145739+0300" comment="?????????????????"?>the
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Sidæmontæ, Tsærazontæ, Qusægontæ, Aguztæ and Tsakhiltæ<?oxy_comment_end ?> families… the
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following characteristics of three of these families have been preserved: the
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multiplicity of the Sidæmontæ, the militancy of the Aguztæ, the glory of the Qusægontæ…
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<oRef/>'s family spread all over the country</q> (<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Vaneev</author>. <title>Narodnoe predanie o proisxoždenii osetin</title>
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[Folk legend about the origin of the Ossetians]. <pubPlace>Stalinir</pubPlace>,
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<date>1956</date>, <biblScope>pp. 3, 6</biblScope></bibl></bibl>). There is a
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Georgian legend that during the time of the Emperor Justinian, three princes from the
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Sidæmon family migrated from the North Caucasus to Georgia (<bibl>Ws.
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<author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE I</ref>
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<biblScope>11—12</biblScope></bibl>, with the reference to <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brosset"/></bibl>). The name <oRef/> The name is also found in the Nart
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epic of Ossetians: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Narty Byceǵy fyrt
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<oRef>Sidæmon</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sidæmon, son of Nart Biceg</q>
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</tr>
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</example></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ kad Sidæmony kadæn fæwæd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да будет твоя слава (подобна) славе
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Сидамона</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may your glory be like the glory of Sidæmon</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 330</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Sidæmon</oRef>, Qūsæg æmæ Æǧ˳yza
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wydysty ævsymærtæ. Bīræ fæšardysty æmæ waryn ærymysydysty. Wydīs syn warinag syǧzærīn
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kard, syǧzærīn tyn æmæ syǧzærīn purti. Bajwærstoj, æmæ tyn fæšīs
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<oRef>Sidæmony</oRef>, kard fæšīs Æǧ˳yzajy, purti Qūsæǵy. Aftæmæj tyn k˳yd darǧ wyd,
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aftæ <oRef>Sidæmony</oRef> myggag adarǧ æmæ bæstæ bašaxsta. Æǧ˳yzajy kard fæšīs, æmæ
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æxsar ūj myggagæn bazzad. Purti Qūsæǵy fæšīs, æmæ kad ūj myggagæn bazzad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Сидамон, Кусаг и Агуза были братья. Много
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прожили и надумали разделиться. Дележу подлежали золотой меч, золотая ткань и
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золотой шар (мяч). Разделились, и ткань досталась Сидамону, меч достался Агуза, шар
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Кусагу. И вот как длинна была ткань, так распространился (<q>удлинился</q>) род
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Сидамона и занял (всю) страну. Агуза достался меч, и военная доблесть осталась за
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его родом. Шар достался Кусагу, и слава осталась за его родом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sidæmon, Qusæg and
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T145548+0300" comment="??????"?>Æguz<?oxy_comment_end ?>a
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were brothers. They have lived a lot and decided to devide their belongings. The
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golden sword, the golden cloth and the golden orb were to be divided. They
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separated, and the cloth went to Sidamon, the sword went to Aguz, the ball to Qusæg.
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And that is how long the cloth was, so the family of Sidæmon spread
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(<q>lengthened</q>) and occupied (the whole) country.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T145548+0300" comment="??????"?>Æguz<?oxy_comment_end ?>a
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got a sword, and military valor remained with his family. Qusæg got the ball, and
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the glory remained for his family</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 150</biblScope></bibl>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Легко видеть,
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что распределение сокровищ между тремя братьями отвечает трем социальным функциям в
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понимании <bibl><author>Dumezil</author>'я (<title>L'idéologie tripartie des
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Indo-européens</title>. <pubPlace>Bruxelles</pubPlace>, <date>1958</date></bibl>;
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см. и другие его работы): шар (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">держава</q>)
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символизирует верховную власть, меч — военную активность, ткань — богатство. Сидамон,
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стало быть, представляет третью функцию.</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">It is easy to
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see that the distribution of treasures among the three brothers corresponds to three
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social functions, according to <bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Dumézil</author>
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(<title>L'idéologie tripartie des Indo-européens</title>.
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<pubPlace>Bruxelles</pubPlace>, <date>1958</date></bibl></bibl>; see also his
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other works): the orb (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><foreign>globus cruciger
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</foreign></q>) symbolizes the supreme power, the sword — military activity, the
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fabric — wealth. Sidæmon, therefore, represents the third function.</note>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyfsxast, æxsarǵyn adæm wydysty
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Sidæmontæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отважные, храбрые люди были Сидамоновы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">The
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T153217+0300" comment="?????????"?>Sidæmonovs<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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were brave, couragious people</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1971 V 38</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Группа <c>sp</c> закономерно дает в осетинском <c>fs</c>: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>aspa-</w>
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<gloss><q>лошадь</q></gloss></mentioned> → <lang>ос.</lang>
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsæ"><w>æfsæ</w>
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<q>кобыла</q></ref>. Но если группа <c>sp</c> стоит в начале слова, то тут возможны два
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варианта. Либо и в этом случае <c>sp</c> дает <c>fs</c>, — но тогда впереди возникает
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протетический гласный <c>æ</c>: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>spāda-</w>
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<gloss><q>войско</q></gloss></mentioned> → <lang>ос.</lang>
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsad"/>. Либо оказавшийся в начальном положении фрикатив
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<c>f</c> не защищен протетическим гласным, — тогда он отпадает, и мы получаем
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соответствие <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<c>sp-</c></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<c>s-</c></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>spiš-</w>
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<gloss><q>вошь</q></gloss></mentioned> → <lang>ос.</lang>
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syst" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>sistæ</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">sfiǰau-</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>sphiǰau-</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>ягодицы</q></gloss></mentioned> → <lang>ос.</lang>
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syʒ"><w>siʒæ</w></ref>. Этот последний вариант развития
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начальной группы <c>sp-</c> имел место в <lang>ос.</lang>
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<oRef/>, восходящем, стало быть, закономерно к
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T142220+0300" comment="поставила др.иран, как в предыдущих словах"?><mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>Spitāmān-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> ср. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>Spitāmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>Spitāma-</w></mentioned> патронимическое имя Зороастра. Ср. также
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T142444+0300" comment="гр.?"?><mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Σπιταμᾶς</w>
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<gloss>зять мидийского царя Астиага</gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Ктесий.</author>
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<title>Pers.</title>
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<biblScope>2</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<w>Σπιταμένης</w>
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<gloss>предводитель согдийской конницы в войне против Александра Македонского</gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Арриан</author></bibl>)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Среди
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сарматских имён из Южной России засвидетельствовано
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T143143+0300" comment="гр?"?><mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Σπιθάμης</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(Фанагория, IV в. до н. э., см.: Корпус №
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1066)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. <lang>Ос.</lang>
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<oRef/> (в отличие от <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>Spitāmān</w></mentioned>) никак не связано с авестийской традицией: скифо-сарматские
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племена остались чужды зороастризму (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
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<biblScope>1956 XXIV <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 51</biblScope></bibl>). В связи
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с этим <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitama</w></mentioned> как скифо-авестийская изоглосса
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приобретает особый интерес. Другой такой изоглоссой является <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>Φλιανος</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(Ольвия)</note></mentioned> || <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>Fryāna-</w></mentioned>. Фриана принадлежал, по Авесте, к <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">турскому</q>, т. е. скифскому роду, и наличие этого же
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имени в далекой Ольвии, но тоже на скифской почве вполне понятно. Не говорит ли совпадение
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имен <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>Spitama-</w></mentioned> || <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>Σπιθάμης</w></mentioned> || <lang>ос.</lang>
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<oRef/> об этнической близости рода Зороастра к скифо-сакским племенам? Такую возможность
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нельзя считать исключенной. Из всех имен, которые выше перечислены, только <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>Σπιθάμης</w></mentioned> и <lang>ос.</lang>
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<oRef/> можно с уверенностью прикрепить к определенной этнической среде —
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скифо-сарматской. Из какого иранского племени происходил Спитамид Зороастр, мы не знаем.
|
|||
|
Известный в истории Александра Македонского Спитамен, хотя и возглавлял согдийцев, сам мог
|
|||
|
быть саком, так как саки вместе с согдийцами воевали против Александра. Что касается
|
|||
|
Спитамы, за которого, по <name>Ктесию</name>, выдал свою дочь мидийский царь Астиаг, то
|
|||
|
весь этот рассказ мог быть сочинен самим Ктесием, а имя Спитама он мог взять из инвентаря
|
|||
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">зороастрийских</q> имен, употребительных в его время
|
|||
|
среди персов и мидийцев (о сомнительной историчности рассказа Ктесия см.: <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Henning</author>. <title>Zoroaster</title>.
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>London</pubPlace>, <date>1951</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
26—28</biblScope></bibl>). Но если даже поверить в достоверность рассказа Ктесия, его
|
|||
|
Спитама не обязательно был мидийцем. В VII в. до н. э. в Мидию вторглись скифы и долго там
|
|||
|
хозяйничали (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Дьяконов</author>. <title>История Мидии</title>.
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>М.—Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>стр. 242—254,
|
|||
|
286—292</biblScope></bibl>). Не исключено, что Спитама, если он вообще существовал,
|
|||
|
был какой-нибудь знатный скиф, за которого выдал свою дочь Астиаг, как до него ассирийский
|
|||
|
царь Асархаддон выдал свою дочь за скифского вождя Партатуя (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Дьяконов</author>. <title>История Мидии</title>. <pubPlace>М.—Л.</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
<date>1956</date>, <biblScope>стр. 272 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Как бы то ни было,
|
|||
|
говоря об этнической принадлежности рода Спитамы, из которого происходил Зороастр, следует
|
|||
|
иметь в поле зрения осетинский эпоним <oRef/> и <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Σπιθάμης</w></mentioned>; как два случая, этническая отнесенность которых не вызывает
|
|||
|
сомнений.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">По зороастрийской традиции, род Спитамы
|
|||
|
происходил из области
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T144840+0300" comment="какой язык????"?><w>Rāk</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
(<w>Arāk</w>) <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(см.: <bibl><author>Klima</author>
|
|||
|
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>1958 XXVI <hi rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 607, прим.
|
|||
|
6</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. Отождествление <w>Rāk</w> с мидийской областью
|
|||
|
<w>Raɣa</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Ray</w></mentioned>) является ошибкой или сознательной фальсификацией мидийских
|
|||
|
зороастрийских <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ученых</q>. <w>Rāk</w> соответствует
|
|||
|
птолемеевскому
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T145822+0300" comment="гр?"?><mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ῥᾶ</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> и скорее всего является
|
|||
|
названием Волги.</note> — Этимология рассматриваемых имен прозрачна. В основе лежит
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>spita-</w>, <w>spaita-</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>светлый</q>, <q>белый</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>sapēd</w>, <w>safēd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>spita-</w>, <w>spiti-</w>, <w>spaeta-</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T150803+0300" comment="или все-таки с с точкой?"?><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>śveta-</w>, <w>śvitna-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>sv<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T150341+0300" comment="это бревис, мб гачек?"?>ĕ<?oxy_comment_end ?>tъ</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>свет</w></mentioned>. Имя <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitāma-</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
образовано от <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>spita-</w></mentioned> с помощью форманта
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><m>-ma-</m></mentioned>, как <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Aršāma-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>aršan-</w></mentioned>.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Видеть в <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitāma-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Aršāma-</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
сложные слова, как это делают <bibl><author>Justi</author>
|
|||
|
(<biblScope>310</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Kent</author> (<title>Old
|
|||
|
Persian</title>. <pubPlace>New Haven</pubPlace>, <date>1953</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
171</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Brandenstein</author> —
|
|||
|
<author>Мayrhofer</author> (<title>Handbuch des Altpersischen</title>.
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
106</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Lommel</author>
|
|||
|
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>54, стр. 169 сл.</biblScope>)</bibl>),
|
|||
|
<bibl><author>Duchesne-Guillemin</author> (<title>Les composés de L'Avesta</title>.
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>Liège</pubPlace> — <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <date>1936</date>,
|
|||
|
<biblScope>стр. 165</biblScope>)</bibl>, мы не имеем оснований.</note> Формы
|
|||
|
<w>Σπιταμένης</w>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spitāmān</w></mentioned>, <lang>ос.</lang>
|
|||
|
<oRef/> стоят формально в одном ряду: они образованы от <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitama-</w></mentioned> с помощью патронимического суффикса
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T152923+0300" comment="поставила ав, но не уверена"?><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><m>-ana-</m></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> (<mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<m>-ān</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<m>-on</m></mentioned>). Долгота <c>ā</c> в <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spitāma-</w></mentioned> вряд ли имеет этимологическое значение. Авеста дает формы и
|
|||
|
с долгим и с кратким <c>a</c> (см.: <bibl><author>Hoffmann</author>, <title>Studia...
|
|||
|
Pagliaro oblata</title>. <pubPlace>Roma</pubPlace>, <date>1969</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
25</biblScope></bibl>). <lang>Ос.</lang>
|
|||
|
<oRef/> предполагает краткий <c>а</c>. Наряду с производными именами <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitama-</w>, <w>Spitamāna</w></mentioned> могло существовать и простое
|
|||
|
имя <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spita-</w> со значением <gloss><q>светлый</q>,
|
|||
|
<q>Lucius</q></gloss></mentioned>. В осетинском оно звучало бы <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Sidæ</w></mentioned>. Такое имя и в самом деле известно у осетин (см.:
|
|||
|
<bibl><author>Коста</author>, <title>Собр. соч., т. I</title>, <pubPlace>М. —
|
|||
|
Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1939</date>, <biblScope>стр. 237—238</biblScope></bibl>); ср.
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spiti-</w></mentioned>. Имя <oRef/> в форме <w>Zidmon</w> бытовало у венгерских алан
|
|||
|
(ясов) еще в XVI в. (<bibl><author>Fеkеtе</author>, <title>Acta Orient. Acad. Scient.
|
|||
|
Hung</title>. <date>1960</date>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>XI 122, 123</biblScope></bibl>). — Из осетинской фамилии Сидамоновых
|
|||
|
происходили князья (эриставы) Арагвского ущелья: <lang>груз.</lang>
|
|||
|
<w>Sidamon-eristavi</w>
|
|||
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Акты Кавк. археогр. комиссии</title>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>VII 348, 375</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Баратов</author>.
|
|||
|
<title>История Грузии, вып. II</title>. <author>1871</author>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
47</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>XXII 22</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><title>Сб. сведений о кавк.
|
|||
|
горцах</title>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>V 1 3—9</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><title>Сов. этнография</title>
|
|||
|
<date>1934</date>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>III 92—93, 101</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. Они играли крупную роль в
|
|||
|
истории Грузии и неоднократно упоминаются в хрониках. Возвышение их относится ко второй
|
|||
|
половине XVI в. В это время некий
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T154753+0300" comment="это грузинское?.."?><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">аznauri</hi><?oxy_comment_end ?> (дворянин) овладел сперва
|
|||
|
крепостью Ванати на левом берегу Малой Лиахвы, а затем областями Базалети и Мтиулети по
|
|||
|
Арагве. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The aznauri belonged to the Sidamoni family —
|
|||
|
one of the several noble Os clans, who had penetrated and settled on lands south of the
|
|||
|
main chain of the Caucasus after the final destruction of the Alanic kingdom by the
|
|||
|
Mongols in the second quarter of the thirteenth century</q>
|
|||
|
(<bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings
|
|||
|
1589—1605, I</title>. <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>,
|
|||
|
<biblScope>стр. 312</biblScope></bibl>, — со ссылкой на:
|
|||
|
<bibl><author>Brosset</author>. <title>Histoire de la Géorgie, vol. II 1</title>.
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>SPb.</pubPlace>, <date>1851</date>, <biblScope>стр. 48</biblScope></bibl>).
|
|||
|
<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>1956 XXIV 51</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>История иранского государства и
|
|||
|
культуры</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
271—276</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
<etym xml:lang="en">The group <c>sp</c> regularly represents <c>fs</c> in Ossetic:
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>aspa-</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>horse</q></gloss></mentioned> → <lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsæ"><w>æfsæ</w>
|
|||
|
<q>mare</q></ref>. But if the group <c>sp</c> is in the beginning of the word, then
|
|||
|
there are two possible options. Either in this case <c>sp</c> becomes <c>fs</c>, — but
|
|||
|
then a prosthetic vowel <c>æ</c> appears before: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>spāda-</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>army</q></gloss></mentioned> → <lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsad"/>. Or a fricative <c>f</c> in the initial position
|
|||
|
does not have a prosthetic vowel before, — then it is lost, and we have correspondance
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<c>sp-</c></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<c>s-</c></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>spiš-</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>louse</q></gloss></mentioned> → <lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syst" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>sistæ</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w type="rec">sfiǰau-</w>
|
|||
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>sphiǰau-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>buttocks</q></gloss></mentioned> → <lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syʒ"><w>siʒæ</w></ref>. This latter option of the
|
|||
|
development of the initial group <c>sp-</c> took place in <lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<oRef/>, that we could therefore trace back to
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T142220+0300" comment="поставила др.иран, как в предыдущих словах"?><mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>Spitāmān-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> cf. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spitāmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spitāma-</w></mentioned> patronymic name of Zoroaster. Cf. also
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T142444+0300" comment="гр.?"?><mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Σπιταμᾶς</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss>son-in-law of the Median king Astyages</gloss>
|
|||
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Ctesias</author>
|
|||
|
<title>Pers.</title>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>2</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note>
|
|||
|
<w>Σπιταμένης</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss>the leader of the Sogdian cavalry in the war against Alexander the Great</gloss>
|
|||
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author> Arrian of Nicomedia
|
|||
|
</author></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Among the
|
|||
|
Sarmatian names from Southern Russia there are attested
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T143143+0300" comment="гр?"?><mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Σπιθάμης</w>
|
|||
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(Phanagoria, IV BC, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Корпус"/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>№ 1066</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>.
|
|||
|
<lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<oRef/> (as opposed to <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spitāmān</w></mentioned>) is not connected with the Avestan tradition: the
|
|||
|
Scythian-Sarmatian tribes remained alien to Zoroastrianism (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>1956 XXIV <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 51</biblScope></bibl>).
|
|||
|
Therefore, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitama</w></mentioned> acquires special interest
|
|||
|
as a Scythian-Avestan isogloss. Another such isogloss is <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Φλιανος</w>
|
|||
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(Pontic Olbia)</note></mentioned> || <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Fryāna-</w></mentioned>. Friana belonged, according to the Avesta, to the
|
|||
|
<q>Turian</q>, i.e. Scythian family, and the presence of the same name in distant Olbia,
|
|||
|
but also in Scythian language is quite understandable. Does the coincidence of the names
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spitama-</w></mentioned> || <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Σπιθάμης</w></mentioned> || <lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<oRef/> indicate the ethnic proximity of the Zoroaster family to the Scythian-Saka tribes?
|
|||
|
This possibility cannot be considered excluded. Of all the names listed above, only
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Σπιθάμης</w></mentioned> and <lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<oRef/> can be confidently referred to a certain ethnic environment — the
|
|||
|
Scythian-Sarmatian. We do not know which Iranian tribe Spitamid Zoroaster came from.
|
|||
|
Although Spitamenes, famous in the history of Alexander the Great, led the Sogdians, he
|
|||
|
could himself be a Saka, since the Saks together with the Sogdians fought against
|
|||
|
Alexander. As for Spitamenes, to whom, according to <name>Ctesias</name>, the Median king
|
|||
|
Astyages married his daughter, this whole story could have been composed by Ctesias
|
|||
|
himself, and he could take the name Spitamenes from the inventory of <q>Zoroastrian</q>
|
|||
|
names used in his time among the Persians and the Medes (see <bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Henning</author>. <title>Zoroaster</title>. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
<date>1951</date>, <biblScope>pp. 26—28</biblScope></bibl> about the doubtful
|
|||
|
historicity of Ctesias' story). But even if we believe in the authenticity of the story of
|
|||
|
Ctesias, his Spitamenes was not necessarily a Mede. In VII BC the Scythians invaded the
|
|||
|
Media and ruled there for a long time (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Diakonoff</author>.
|
|||
|
<title>Istorija Midii</title> [The History of Media]. <pubPlace>Moscow —
|
|||
|
Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>pp. 242—254,
|
|||
|
286—292</biblScope></bibl>). It is possible that Spitama, if he existed at all, was some
|
|||
|
noble Scythian, to whom Astyages married his daughter, as well as before him the Assyrian
|
|||
|
king Esarhaddon married his daughter to the Scythian leader Bartatua (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Diankonoff</author>. <title>Istorija Midii</title> [The History of Media].
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>Moscow — Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>pp. 272
|
|||
|
ff.</biblScope></bibl>). Anyway, speaking about the ethnicity of the Spitamenes clan,
|
|||
|
from which Zoroaster came, one should keep in mind the Ossetic eponym <oRef/> and
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Σπιθάμης</w></mentioned>; as two cases, the ethnic attribution of which is beyond
|
|||
|
doubt.<note type="footnote">According to the Zoroastrian tradition, the Spitamenes
|
|||
|
family originated from the region
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T144840+0300" comment="какой язык????"?><w>Rāk</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
(<w>Arāk</w>) <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(see: <bibl><author>Klima</author>
|
|||
|
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>1958 XXVI <hi rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 607, fn.
|
|||
|
6</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. The identification of <w>Rāk</w> with the Median
|
|||
|
region <w>Raɣa</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Ray</w></mentioned>) is a mistake or a deliberate falsification of the Median
|
|||
|
Zoroastrian <q>scholars</q>. <w>Rāk</w> corresponds to Ptolemian
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T145822+0300" comment="гр?"?><mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ῥᾶ</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> and most likely is the name of
|
|||
|
the Volga.</note> — The etymology of the names in question is transparent. It is based
|
|||
|
on <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>spita-</w>, <w>spaita-</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>light (adj.)</q>, <q>white</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>sapēd</w>, <w>safēd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>spita-</w>, <w>spiti-</w>, <w>spaeta-</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T150803+0300" comment="или все-таки с с точкой?"?><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>śveta-</w>, <w>śvitna-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>sv<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T150341+0300" comment="это бревис, мб гачек?"?>ĕ<?oxy_comment_end ?>tъ</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>svet</w></mentioned>. The name <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitāma-</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
is derived from <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>spita-</w></mentioned> with the formant
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><m>-ma-</m></mentioned>, as <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Aršāma-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>aršan-</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">There is no reason to see <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitāma-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Aršāma-</w></mentioned> as compounds, according to <bibl><author>Justi</author>
|
|||
|
(<biblScope>310</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Kent</author> (<title>Old
|
|||
|
Persian</title>. <pubPlace>New Haven</pubPlace>, <date>1953</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
171</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Brandenstein</author> —
|
|||
|
<author>Mayrhofer</author> (<title>Handbuch des Altpersischen</title>.
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
106</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Lommel</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>54, p. 169 pp.</biblScope>)</bibl>,
|
|||
|
<bibl><author>Duchesne-Guillemin</author> (<title>Les composés de L'Avesta</title>.
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>Liège</pubPlace> — <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <date>1936</date>,
|
|||
|
<biblScope>p. 165</biblScope>)</bibl>.</note> The forms <w>Σπιταμένης</w>,
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spitāmān</w></mentioned>, <lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<oRef/> are formally in the same row: they are derived from <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitama-</w></mentioned> using a patronymic suffix
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T152923+0300" comment="поставила ав, но не уверена"?><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><m>-ana-</m></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> (<mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<m>-ān</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<m>-on</m></mentioned>). The length of <c>ā</c> in <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spitāma-</w></mentioned> is unlikely to have etymological significance. There are
|
|||
|
forms with both long and short <c>a</c> in the Avesta (see:
|
|||
|
<bibl><author>Hoffmann</author>, <title>Studia... Pagliaro oblata</title>.
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>Roma</pubPlace>, <date>1969</date>, <biblScope>p. 25</biblScope></bibl>).
|
|||
|
<lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
|||
|
<oRef/> assumes a short <c>a</c>. Along with derived names <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spitama-</w>, <w>Spitamāna</w></mentioned> there could be a simple name <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>Spita-</w> with the meaning <gloss><q>light</q>,
|
|||
|
<q>Lucius</q></gloss></mentioned>. In Ossetic it would sound like <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Sidæ</w></mentioned>. Such a name is indeed known among Ossetians (see:
|
|||
|
<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Kosta</author>, <title>Collected works vol.
|
|||
|
I</title>, <pubPlace>Moscow — Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1939</date>,
|
|||
|
<biblScope>pp. 237—238</biblScope></bibl></bibl>); cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Spiti-</w></mentioned>. The name <oRef/> in the form <w>Zidmon</w> used to be among
|
|||
|
the Hungarian Alans (Yass) back in the XVI century. (<bibl><author>Fekete</author>,
|
|||
|
<title>Acta Orient. Acad. Scient. Hung</title>. <date>1960</date>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>XI 122, 123</biblScope></bibl>). — The princes (eristavis) of the Aragva
|
|||
|
Gorge came from the Ossetic family
|
|||
|
of<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230125T165121+0300" comment="????????"?>
|
|||
|
Sidamontæ<?oxy_comment_end ?>: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>Sidamon-eristavi</w>
|
|||
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Akty Kavkazskoj arxeografičeskoj
|
|||
|
komissii</title> [Acts of the Caucasian Archeographic Commission] <biblScope>VII
|
|||
|
348, 375</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Baratov</author>. <title>Istorija Gruzii</title> [History of Georgia],
|
|||
|
issue II. <author>1871</author>, <biblScope>p. 47</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>XXII 22</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Sbornik
|
|||
|
svedenij o kavkazskix gorcax</title> [Collection of information about the
|
|||
|
Caucasian highlanders] <biblScope>V <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi>
|
|||
|
3—9</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Sovetskaja
|
|||
|
ètnografija</title>
|
|||
|
<date>1934</date>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>III 92—93, 101</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. They
|
|||
|
played a major role in the history of Georgia and are repeatedly mentioned in chronicles.
|
|||
|
Their elevation dates back to the second half of the XVI century . In this time some
|
|||
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220922T154753+0300" comment="это грузинское?.."?><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">aznauri</hi><?oxy_comment_end ?> the (nobleman) first
|
|||
|
captured the fortress of Wanati on the left bank of the Little Liakhvi, and then the
|
|||
|
regions of Bazaleti and Mtiuleti along the Aragva. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The
|
|||
|
aznauri belonged to the Sidamoni family — one of the several noble Os clans, who had
|
|||
|
penetrated and settled on lands south of the main chain of the Caucasus after the final
|
|||
|
destruction of the Alanic kingdom by the Mongols in the second quarter of the thirteenth
|
|||
|
century</q> (<bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>Russian Embassies to the Georgian
|
|||
|
Kings 1589—1605, I</title>. <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>,
|
|||
|
<biblScope>p. 312</biblScope></bibl>, — with reference to:
|
|||
|
<bibl><author>Brosset</author>. <title>Histoire de la Géorgie, vol. II 1</title>.
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>SPb.</pubPlace>, <date>1851</date>, <biblScope>p. 48</biblScope></bibl>).
|
|||
|
<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>1956 XXIV 51</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Istorija
|
|||
|
iranskogo gosudarstva I kulʼtury</title> [History of the Iranian state and culture].
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>pp.
|
|||
|
271—276</biblScope></bibl></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
</body>
|
|||
|
</text>
|
|||
|
</TEI>
|