212 lines
20 KiB
XML
212 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ajk</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ajk" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231223T194424+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d985e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ajk</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d985e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ajkæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d985e72">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>яйцо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>egg</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<formGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plural" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><gram/>
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<orth>æjḱytæ</orth>
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<form type="variant"><orth>iḱytæ</orth></form></form>
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<form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="plural"><orth>æjkitæ</orth></form>
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</formGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d985e82">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d985e84">
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<quote><oRef>æjḱytæj</oRef> qajla akodton</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>из яиц я сделал яичницу</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I made
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231223T193610+0300" comment="Russian яичница does not have an exact English correspondence"?>omelette<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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out of eggs</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d985e103">
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<quote>æfsīn… <oRef>æjḱytæ</oRef> afyxta æmæ wazægæn arvysta; kūsæg
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<oRef>æjḱytæj</oRef> īw axordta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хозяйка сварила яйца и послала гостю; слуга съел одно из яиц</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the hostess boiled eggs and sent them to the guest; the servant ate
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one of the eggs</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d985e122">
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<quote>kark! <oRef>ajk</oRef> radt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>курочка! дай яичко</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hen! give me an egg</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><oRef>ajḱy</oRef> būr</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">яичный желток</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">egg yolk</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</re>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиранское слово; восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āyaka-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e361" xml:id="mentioned_d985e186" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>haik</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e366" xml:id="mentioned_d985e191" xml:lang="x-balochi"><note type="comment">в
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диалекте советских белуджей</note>
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<w>aig</w>
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<gloss><q>желток</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e374" xml:id="mentioned_d985e199" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>haʽik</w>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
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<biblScope>II 676</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e385" xml:id="mentioned_d985e210" xml:lang="ku"><w>hēk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e388" xml:id="mentioned_d985e213" xml:lang="ku"><w>hākī</w>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр.
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214</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e399" xml:id="mentioned_d985e224" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>ha</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e404" xml:id="mentioned_d985e229" xml:lang="ps"><w>hōya</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e407" xml:id="mentioned_d985e232" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
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<w>ēx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e412" xml:id="mentioned_d985e237" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>akik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e417" xml:id="mentioned_d985e242" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xāya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e422" xml:id="mentioned_d985e247" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>hāyīk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e428" xml:id="mentioned_d985e253" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>āhaa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e433" xml:id="mentioned_d985e258" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>yāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e438" xml:id="mentioned_d985e263" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>aya-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><title>Yašt</title>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">13</hi> 2—3</biblScope></bibl>:
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e272" xml:lang="ae"><w>vīš aēm</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">яйцо птицы</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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— <bibl><author>Henning</author>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">Asiatica. Festschrift F. Weller, 289
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cл.</biblScope></bibl>). Сопоставляются с этим и европейские названия
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яйца: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e458" xml:id="mentioned_d985e283" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w n="0">айе</w>, <w n="0">айце</w>
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="sla"><m>-це</m></mentioned>
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уменьшительный суффикс, как <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-k</m></mentioned> в иранских)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e466" xml:id="mentioned_d985e293" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
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<w>jàje</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e471" xml:id="mentioned_d985e298" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>jaje</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e476" xml:id="mentioned_d985e303" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>яйцо</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e481" xml:id="mentioned_d985e308" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Ei</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e487" xml:id="mentioned_d985e314" xml:lang="gem-x-old"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">ajja-</w></mentioned>) и пр., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e492" xml:id="mentioned_d985e319" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ᾠόν</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e497" xml:id="mentioned_d985e324" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>ovum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e502" xml:id="mentioned_d985e329" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>ju</w></mentioned>. Для объяснения всех перечисленных форм приходится
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исходить из двух и.е. вариантов: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e507" xml:id="mentioned_d985e334" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ōyo-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e512" xml:id="mentioned_d985e339" xml:lang="ine"><w>*ōwyo-</w></mentioned> (ср.
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">783 сл.</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Название яйца в иранском диалекте габри, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e534" xml:lang="gbz" dialect="pes-x-gabri"><w>vuk</w></mentioned>, <name>Gеigеr</name> выводит из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āyaka</w></mentioned>, к которому
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возводятся и вышеприведенные формы (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
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<biblScope>II 364</biblScope></bibl>); в <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e543" xml:lang="ps"><lang>афганских</lang>
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<note type="comment">диалектальных формах</note>
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<w>wòya</w>, <w>yowya</w>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
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<c>w</c>, по-видимому, не историческое. Сомнительна и реконструируемая
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древнеиранская форма <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āwyaka-</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
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<biblScope>II 24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
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<biblScope>I 237</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; исходя
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из нее, мы имели бы в осетинском <w type="rec">awæg</w> или <w type="rec">ajwæg</w>, а не <oRef>ajk</oRef>.</note><lb/><bibl>Вс.
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<author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A common Iranian word; goes back to <w type="rec">āyaka-</w>:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e186" xml:id="mentioned_d985e361" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>haik</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e191" xml:id="mentioned_d985e366" xml:lang="x-balochi"><note type="comment">in the
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dialect of the Soviet Baloch</note>
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<w>aig</w>
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<gloss><q>egg yolk</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e199" xml:id="mentioned_d985e374" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>haʽik</w>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
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<biblScope>II 676</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e210" xml:id="mentioned_d985e385" xml:lang="ku"><w>hēk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e213" xml:id="mentioned_d985e388" xml:lang="ku"><w>hākī</w>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. IV, p.
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214</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e224" xml:id="mentioned_d985e399" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>ha</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e229" xml:id="mentioned_d985e404" xml:lang="ps"><w>hōya</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e232" xml:id="mentioned_d985e407" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
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<w>ēx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e237" xml:id="mentioned_d985e412" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>akik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e242" xml:id="mentioned_d985e417" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xāya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e247" xml:id="mentioned_d985e422" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>hāyīk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e253" xml:id="mentioned_d985e428" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>āhaa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e258" xml:id="mentioned_d985e433" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>yāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e263" xml:id="mentioned_d985e438" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>aya-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><title>Yašt</title>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">13</hi> 2—3</biblScope></bibl>:
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e447" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w><hi rendition="#rend_italic">vīš aēm</hi></w></mentioned>, —
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<bibl><author>Henning</author>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">Asiatica. Festschrift F. Weller, 289
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ff.</biblScope></bibl>). It can also be compared with European words for
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egg: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e283" xml:id="mentioned_d985e458" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>aje</w>, <w>ajce</w>
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="sla"><m>-ce</m></mentioned> is a
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diminutive suffix, like <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-k</m></mentioned>
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in Iranian)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e293" xml:id="mentioned_d985e466" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
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<w>jàje</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e298" xml:id="mentioned_d985e471" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>jaje</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e303" xml:id="mentioned_d985e476" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>jajco</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e308" xml:id="mentioned_d985e481" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Ei</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e314" xml:id="mentioned_d985e487" xml:lang="gem-x-old"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">ajja-</w></mentioned>) etc., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e319" xml:id="mentioned_d985e492" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ᾠόν</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e324" xml:id="mentioned_d985e497" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>ovum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e329" xml:id="mentioned_d985e502" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>ju</w></mentioned>. To explain all the listed forms, two Indo-European
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variants must be assumed: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e334" xml:id="mentioned_d985e507" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ōyo-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e339" xml:id="mentioned_d985e512" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ōwyo-</w></mentioned> (cf. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">783 ff.</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1"><name>Gеigеr</name> derives the name for the egg in
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e569" xml:lang="gbz" dialect="pes-x-gabri"><lang/>
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<w>vuk</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āyaka</w></mentioned>, which is the source of all the forms cited
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above (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
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<biblScope>II 364</biblScope></bibl>); in the <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e578" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<note type="comment">dialectal forms</note>
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<w>wòya</w>, <w>yowya</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
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<c>w</c> is apparently not original. The reconstructed Proto-Iranian form <w type="rec">āwyaka-</w> is also doubtful (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
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<biblScope>II 24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
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<biblScope>I 237</biblScope></bibl>); this would have led to <w type="rec">awæg</w> or <w type="rec">ajwæg</w> in Ossetic, but not o
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<oRef>ajk</oRef>.</note><lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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