258 lines
22 KiB
XML
258 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_az" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T184057+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5733e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>az</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5733e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>anz</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5733e72">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>год</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>year</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5733e82">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e84">
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<quote>yssæʒ <oRef>azmæ</oRef> azgaj æxx˳yrsty cydtæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>до 20 лет я из года в год нанимался батраком</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Until the age of 20, year after year I went to (work as) a
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farmhand</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e103">
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<quote>dywwæ <oRef>azy</oRef> k˳y acydīs…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>когда минуло два года…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>when two years passed…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 38</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e122" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>max omæn ali <oRef>anz</oRef> kuvd kænæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мы ему каждый год устраиваем <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yvd">kuvd</ref> (молитвенное пиршество)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>we organize <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kuvd</hi> (prayer feast)
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for him every year</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 98</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e144" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Soslan ew kʼwar <oRef>anzej</oRef> fæste
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T171053+0300" comment="what is this word? it is not found in dictionaries, looks like a particle or preverb"?>cid<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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cæwidæ afæjbalci</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Сослан через (каждые) несколько лет имел обыкновение отправляться в
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годичную поездку</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Soslan used to go on a year-long trip each several years</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e166" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>avd <oRef>anzi</oRef> ci xwar læwdtæj ævardæj wæjgutæmæ…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хлеб, который семь лет лежал спрятанный у великанов…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bread that had been hidden by the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæjyg"><foreign>wæyug</foreign>s</ref> for seven
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years …</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>7<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">10</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e189" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote><oRef>anz</oRef> duwwæ-ærtæ xatti ʒillæbæl ærzelidæ æ mizd
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esunmæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>два-три раза в год он обходил общество, собирая свою плату</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>two or three times a year he went around the
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T182054+0300" comment="общество - the term of a kind of group of mountain settlements"?>community<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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collecting his wages</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru"><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl> предположительно сближает <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">az</oRef> | <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">anz</w> с
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e364" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e217" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>azan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e369" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e222" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>áhan-</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>день</q></gloss></mentioned> через промежуточную форму <w type="rec">azᵃn</w>;<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Этимологию
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Миллера повторяет, не ссылаясь на него, <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>
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(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
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<biblScope>LII 41</biblScope>)</bibl>.</note> не говоря об исторической
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долготе начального гласного в осетинском, следует отметить, что старые иранские
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основы на <c>-an</c> (<c>-man</c>) не удерживают в осетинском конечного
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<c>-n</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsæ"><w>æfsæ</w>
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<gloss><q>жеребец</q></gloss> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>vṛšan-</w></mentioned>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nom"><w>nom</w>
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<gloss><q>имя</q></gloss> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nāman-</w></mentioned>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carm"><w>carm</w>
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<gloss><q>шкура</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čarman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><w>casm</w>
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<gloss><q>петля</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čašman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref> и др. С другой стороны,
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известно, что дигорские группы <c>nz</c>, <c>ns</c> восходят обычно к <c>zm</c>,
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<c>sm</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæzmyn"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fænzun</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fæzmyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæsm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
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<w>fæns</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
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<w>fæsm</w>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pašm</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cans</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
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<w>casm</w>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čašman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sasm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sans</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sasm</w></ref>. На основе этих соответствий мы могли
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бы иронскую форму восстановить в виде <w type="rec">azm-</w> и возвести слово к
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āsmān</w>
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<gloss><q>небо</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e400" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e253" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>āsmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e405" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e258" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>āsmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e410" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e263" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>yʼsm</w> (<w>i-asm</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e415" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e268" xml:lang="ae" extralang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>asmā̆n-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e420" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e273" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>áśman-</w></mentioned>; для перехода <c>s</c> → <c>z</c> ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsæz"><w>xsæz</w>
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<note type="comment">(← <w type="rec">xšaš</w>)</note></ref>; озвончение
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<c>s</c> в данном слове наблюдается и в других иранских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e428" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e281" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>āžmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e433" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e286" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>āzmen</w>, <w>azmān</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр.
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149</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e443" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e296" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
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<w>āzmān</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
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<biblScope>I 236</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e453" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e306" xml:lang="yai"><lang>Ягн.</lang>
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<w>yāsa</w>
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<gloss><q>год</q></gloss></mentioned> вряд ли сюда относится (← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e461" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e314" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>yaš</w></mentioned>). Зато напрашивается на сближение <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e466" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e319" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>āšma</w>, <w>ash</w>
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<gloss><q>месяц</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр. 149,
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279</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Семантика
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<gloss><q>небо</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>год</q></gloss> в некоторых
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языках выступает еще как живая: в чамальском (Дагестан) в диалектах имеем:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e479" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e332" xml:lang="cji"><lang/>
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<w>rešin</w>
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<gloss><q>год</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>небо</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e490" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e343" xml:lang="cji"><w>jehi</w>
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<gloss><q>год</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>небо</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(сообщение А. А.
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<name>Бокарева</name>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>19, 126</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en"><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>37</biblScope>)</bibl> conjecturally derives <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">az</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">anz</oRef> from
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e217" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e364" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>azan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e222" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e369" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>áhan-</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>day</q></gloss></mentioned> via intermediate form <w type="rec">azᵃn</w>;<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">Millerʼs etymology is
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repeated (without references) by <bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
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<biblScope>LII 41</biblScope>)</bibl>.</note> not to mention the
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inherited length of the initial vowel in Ossetic, it should be noted that old
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Iranian stems in
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T182616+0300" comment="same suffix or different?"?><c>-an</c>
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(<c>-man</c>)<?oxy_comment_end ?> do not preserve the final <c>-n</c> in
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Ossetic: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsæ"><w>æfsæ</w>
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<gloss><q>stallion</q></gloss> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>vṛšan-</w></mentioned>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nom"><w>nom</w>
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<gloss><q>name</q></gloss> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nāman-</w></mentioned>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carm"><w>carm</w>
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<gloss><q>hide</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čarman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><w>casm</w>
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<gloss><q>loop</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čašman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref> etc. On the other hand, it is
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known that the Digor clusters <c>nz</c>, <c>ns</c> usually go back to <c>zm</c>,
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<c>sm</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæzmyn"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
|
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|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fænzun</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
|
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|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fæzmyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæsm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>fæns</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>fæsm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pašm</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
|
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|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cans</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>casm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čašman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sasm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sans</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sasm</w></ref>. On the basis of these
|
|||
|
|
correspondences, we could reconstruct the Iron form as <w type="rec">azm-</w>
|
|||
|
|
and derive it from the word <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āsmān</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sky</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e400" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>āsmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e405" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>āsmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e410" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>yʼsm</w> (<w>i-asm</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e415" xml:lang="ae" extralang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>asmā̆n-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e420" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>áśman-</w></mentioned>; for the change <c>s</c> → <c>z</c> cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsæz"><w>xsæz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(← <w type="rec">xšaš</w>)</note></ref>; the voicing of
|
|||
|
|
<c>s</c> in this word is also attested in other Iranian languages:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e281" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e428" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>āžmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e286" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e433" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>āzmen</w>, <w>azmān</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. IV, p.
|
|||
|
|
149</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e296" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e443" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>āzmān</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 236</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e306" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e453" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>yāsa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>year</q></gloss></mentioned> is unlikely to be related (←
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e314" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e461" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>yaš</w></mentioned>). But it is natural to compare the Ossetic word to
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e466" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>āšma</w>, <w>ash</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>month</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр. 149,
|
|||
|
|
279</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The semantics
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sky</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>year</q></gloss> is still alive in
|
|||
|
|
some languages: in Chamalal dialects (Daghestan) we find <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e332" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e479" xml:lang="cji"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>rešin</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>year</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sky</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e343" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e490" xml:lang="cji"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>jehi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>year</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sky</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(A. A. <name>Bokarev</name>, personal
|
|||
|
|
communication)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>19, 126</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|