187 lines
20 KiB
XML
187 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dændag</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_dændag" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4408e66" type="lemma"><orth>dændag</orth></form>
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<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_dændag.1"><sense xml:id="sense_d4408e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зуб</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tooth</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4408e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зубец</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>jag</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4408e88"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>спица колеса</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>arm of wheel</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_dændag.2"><sense xml:id="sense_d4408e99"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>действие нечистых сил</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>action of evil forces</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4408e108"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>порча</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>maleficium</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4408e118">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4408e120">
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<quote>næ biræǧæn asast jæ dændag</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у нашего волка поломался зуб</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>our wolf has a broken tooth</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>135</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4408e140">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4408e142" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>omæn mæmæ æ tæfæj qærtuj dændag ædæwagæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>от его (злого духа) влияния до меня доходит несомненно порча
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(буквально „зуб“)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>maleficium (literally “tooth”) of his (evil spirit's) influence
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undoubtely reaches me</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Saxi_ræs."/><biblScope>19,
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44</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4408e164" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Ʒambolat nezæj sæjgæ næ ʽj, dændag imæ baqærdtæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Дзамболат болен не от болезни, на него нашла порча („зуб“)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Dzambolat is sick not because of llness, he was bedeviled</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/><biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4408e186" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>kæd imæ dændag (homa sajtænttæj) esti baqærttæj?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>не дошла ли до него порча (со стороны шайтанов)?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>has the (shaitans') maleficium reached him?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/><biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Как и другие анатомические названия, относится к исконному
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иранскому фонду (ср., в частности, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/> ‘рот’,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_yvzag"/> ‘язык’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/> ‘глаз’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qūs"/> ‘ухо’).
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Восходит к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dantan</hi>-. Долгота второго гласного отражает форму старого
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именительного падежа <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dantā</hi>. Наращение -g(← -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ka</hi>) — как в ряде других
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случаев: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændag"/> ‘дорога’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_yvzag"/> ‘язык’ и др. Слово обильно представлено в
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индоевропейских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e431" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e225" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>dandān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e436" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e230" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>dandān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e441" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e235" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>didān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e446" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e240" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>dendāɳk</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>V
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43</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e457" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e251" xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>dantān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e461" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e255" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>δandōn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e466" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e260" xml:lang="sgh"><w>δendōn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e469" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e263" xml:lang="sgh"><w>δindūn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e472" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e266" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>lod</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dand</hi>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e479" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e273" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>dond</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e484" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e278" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>δand</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e490" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e284" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>dānd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e495" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e289" xml:lang="sgy"><w>dānd(ak)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e498" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e292" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>dəndək</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e503" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e297" xml:lang="wbl"><w>dündük</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e506" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e300" xml:lang="wbl"><w>dendik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e509" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e303" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>dindāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e515" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e309" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*δandāk(δnt'k)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e520" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e314" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>dandaa</w></mentioned>, уменьшительно, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e525" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e319" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>dandāka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e530" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e324" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>dantan-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e535" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e329" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>danta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e540" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e334" xml:lang="rom"><lang/>
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<w>denda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e546" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e340" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>dantis</w></mentioned>,<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4408e345" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>tun<hi rendition="#rend_bold">p</hi>us</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e556" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e350" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>tand</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e561" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e355" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Zahn</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (из *tand)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e568" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e362" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>oδών</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e573" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e367" xml:lang="grc"><w>oδovτoζ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e577" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e371" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>dens</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e582" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e376" xml:lang="la"><w>dentis</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e585" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e379" xml:lang="br"><lang/>
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<w>dant</w></mentioned> и пр. Развитие значения ‘зуб’ → ‘спица колеса’
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отмечается и в других языках, например <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e590" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e384" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>dendè</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">из перс.?</note>
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<gloss><q>спица колеса</q></gloss></mentioned>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 47, 78</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/><biblScope>I
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123</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>17, 161—162</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Like other anatomical names, this word relates to an original
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Iranian group (cf. in particular <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/> ‘mouth’,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_yvzag"/> ‘tongue’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/> ‘eye’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qūs"/> ‘ear’).
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It traces back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dantan</hi>-. The second vowel length reflects an old form of
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Nominative case <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dantā</hi>. The augmentation of -g(← -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ka</hi>) is like in a number
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of other cases: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændag"/> ‘road’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_yvzag"/> ‘tongue’ etc. The word is widespread in
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Indo-European languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e225" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e431" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>dandān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e230" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e436" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>dandān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e235" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e441" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>didān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e240" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e446" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>dendāɳk</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>V
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43</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e251" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e457" xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>dantān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e255" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e461" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>δandōn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e260" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e466" xml:lang="sgh"><w>δendōn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e263" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e469" xml:lang="sgh"><w>δindūn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e266" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e472" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>lod</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dand</hi>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e273" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e479" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>dond</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e278" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e484" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>δand</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e284" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e490" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>dānd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e289" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e495" xml:lang="sgy"><w>dānd(ak)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e292" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e498" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>dəndək</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e297" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e503" xml:lang="wbl"><w>dündük</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e300" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e506" xml:lang="wbl"><w>dendik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e303" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e509" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>dindāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e309" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e515" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*δandāk(δnt'k)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e314" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e520" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>dandaa</w></mentioned>, diminutive <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e319" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e525" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>dandāka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e324" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e530" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>dantan-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e329" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e535" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>danta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e334" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e540" xml:lang="rom"><lang/>
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<w>denda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e340" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e546" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>dantis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4408e551" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>tunꝥus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e350" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e556" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>tand</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e355" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e561" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Zahn</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from *tand)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e362" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e568" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>oδών</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e367" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e573" xml:lang="grc"><w>oδovτoζ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e371" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e577" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>dens</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e376" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e582" xml:lang="la"><w>dentis</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e379" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e585" xml:lang="br"><lang/>
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<w>dant</w></mentioned> etc. The development of the meaning ‘tooth’ → ‘arm
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of the wheel’ is attested in other languages as well, for example, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4408e384" xml:id="mentioned_d4408e590" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>dendè</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from Persian?)</note>
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<gloss><q>arm of the wheel</q></gloss></mentioned>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 47, 78</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/><biblScope>I
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123</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>17, 161—162</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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